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Volume 25 (1950)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 161-
- Issue 3-4 Pages 81-
- Issue 1-2 Pages 9-
Volume 25, Issue 3-4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Goichi Nakajima1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 81-90
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writer tried to raise the tetraploids of Quamoclit with large flower that are more valuable as the ornamental plant, by treating three species snd one variety, i. e., Q. pennata, Q. cocccinea, Q. coccinea var. hederifolia and Q. sloteri with colchicine. In the treatment, the following three methods were employed; 1) the immersion of seeds in the dilute aqueous solution of colchicine, 2) the dropping of the same solution on germinating plants, and 3) the mounting of lanolin emulsion of colchicine on germinating plants. In these three experiments, I failed in 1) but succeeded in the others, in raising the tetraploids (Table 1). For discriminating tetraploids from diploid the results of measurement of the length of guard cells were used (Table 2, 5 and 9).
In tetraploids raised, thickening of cotyledons, leaves and stems etc., the retardation of growth, and the increase in the size of pollen grains and stomata were observed, as the same in many cases of induced tetraploids in other plants. The leaves, however, were generally smaller in size but wider in tetraploids than in diploids. The diameters of flowers in diploids to those of tetraploids were 2:3 in Q. pennata, 5:7 in Q. coccinea and Q. coccinea var. hederifolia.
In tetraploids, abortive pollen grains were observed in fairly higher percentage than in diploids (Table 7).
The tetraploids of Q. sloteri were completely sterile, but the tetraploids in all other species and variety were more or less fertile. In Q. pennata, 17 seeds were obtained from 19 tetraploid individuals, and 10 plants of the next generation of tetraploids yielded 46 seeds. In Q. coccinea and Q. coccinea var. hederifolia the tetraploids were more fertile. Q. coccinea gave 1000 or more seeds from per. plant of tetraploids and in Q. coccinea var. hederifolia, 200 or more seeds were raised from each individual.
The seeds of tetraploids were much larger than those of diploids. The weight of 1000 seeds of tetraploids to that of diploids was 23:10 in Q. coccinea and Q. coccinea var. hederifolia showed about the same size in pollen grains, stomata and external characters compared with tetraploids.
The observation of chromosomes was not made in tetraploids raised by the treatment, but the somatic chromosomes of the plants in the next generation of them were observed in root tip cells. The number of chromosomes were 60 in Q. pennata (diploid 30), 56 in Q. coccinea and Q. coccinea var. hederifolia (diploid 28).View full abstractDownload PDF (1723K) -
Tuyohiro Totu1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 90-95
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Materials used in this work are 27 varieties of wheat (T. vulgare) and 6 varieties of rye (S. cereale).
2. During three years from 1945 to 1947, 44, 445 wheat flowers were pollinated with rye pollen.
3. The set percentage showed a great difference from 66.3% to 2.1% according to wheat varieties, but it did not differ much in different years.
4. One and the same wheat variety pollinated with 6 varieties of rye showed similar percentages in seed set.View full abstractDownload PDF (650K) -
Kanichiro Suzuki1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 95-99
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI am in possession of an European race Novi Ligure which segregates occasionally yellow silkworms after the first moult. The yellow silkworm cannot eat the mulberry leave on account of the soft structure of its mouth parts which is perhaps due to the lack of chitinous substance, and consequently dies from hunger. This characteristic cannot be distinguished from the normal before the first moult.
The yellow silkworm is a simple recessive to the normal. The deficiency of the yellow type, which is generally observed, for 3:1 ratio is mostly due to the higher mortality of the yellow type in the larval stage than the normal.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Kasio Ota, Sajiro Makino1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 100-103
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom November of 1948 to April of 1949, the rat control was practised in the city of Sapporo by the use of ANTU, the poisonous diet, and 4171 dead specimens of the Norway rat (Rattus uorvegicus) were collected. We observed the occurrence among them of nine mutant individuals having aberrant coat colours.
They are as follows;
1) Black (non-agouti): Uniform black in coat colour (Fig. 1). _??_, March 29, 1949.
2) Dilute (?): Pigmentation extremely diminished, very pale brownish grey in colour (Fig. 2). _??_, Jan. 11, 1949.
3) Silver (?): Black coat interspersed with white hairs (Figs. 3-4). _??_ _??_, Nov. 27, 1948.
4) Albino (?): Uniform white in colour (Fig. 5). _??_ _??_ _??_ _??_, Dec. 1, 1948; March 1, 17; April 9, 1949.
5) Piebald (?): Appearance close to the piebald (hooded) mutant. _??_, Nov.15, 1948.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
II. Occurrence of giant spermatocytesHaruo Oba1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 103-105
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
The chromosomes of Thereuonema hilgendorfi Verhoeff. (Chilopoda), with special regard to the post reductional separation of the sex chromosomesKazuo Ogawa1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 106-111
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chromosomes of Thereuonema hilgendorfi Verhoeff. a species of the Chilopoda, were investigated in male and female germ cells. The results are summarized as follows:
1) The number of chromosomes was determined for the male to be 36 in the spermatogonial division (Figs. 1-5) and 18 in the primary and secondary spermatocyte divisions respectively (Figs. 7-18). The diploid number of chromosomes in the female was given as 36 from the observation of the oogonial division (Fig. 6).
2) The chromosome complement of the male consists of 17 autosomal pairs and an XY pair of unequal size (Fig. 5). Every of the autosomal elements assume a small spheroidal form and they vary slightly in size. The X and Y elements are enormously huge in magnitude. The X is composed of three segments and the Y shows two segments. They take always the central position in the spermatogonial metaphase and are very remarkable on account of their prominently large size.
3) In meiosis the X and Y constitute the X-Y complex after conjugation (Figs. 7-10). Noticeable is the fact that the X-Y complex always splits longitudinally and segregates in an equational manner in the first division (Figs. 11-13).
4) As the result of the equational separation of the X-Y complex, every of the secondary spermatocytes produced contains the X-Y complex in a dyad nature (Figs. 14-15). In the second division the X separates from the Y (Figs. 16, 18). Thus the post reductional separation of the sex chromosomes was established.
5) Considered from the behaviour of the chromosomes in the process of separation, the chromosomes of the present species, either the autosomal elements or the sex chromosomes, seem to carry the diffuse kinetochore as described in the Hemiptera by Schrader (1947).View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
II. P-linkage group and the manifold effects of P geneSeiji Matsumura1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 111-118
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSF1 from the cross Triticum polonicum (2n=28)×T. Spelta (2n=42) was back-crossed to the tetraploid wheat. The awnless tetraploids could be obtained in the offspring of this back-cross. An awnless plant with long glumes (PP) was crossed to T. dicoccoides (2n=28) and another tetraploid with short glumes (pp) to T. persicum (2n=28).
1) In F2 of these crosses long glume (P), awnless (A), hairy glume (Hg) and red coleoptile (Rc) were found to differ from short glume (p), awned (a), glabrous glume (hg) and green coleoptile (rc) respectively by only a single gene. P and p are linked to Rc and rc with a cross-over value of 20.3%.
2) P gene for the long glume of T. polonicum with the manifold effects inhibits the awn length, the glume hair, the coleoptile color and the awn color in its homozygous condition.
3) Two abnormalities have been observed in crosses between tetraploid wheats. The first, apparent failure to segregate, was reported by Biffen (1916) in a cross between a white chaffed T. polonicum and a grey chaffed T. turgidum. Similar phenomenon on the chaff color and hair was found by Backhouse (1918) and Engledow (1920) in the cross T. polonicum×T. durum. The author supposes from the present studies that these abnormalities are due to the inhibition of P- gene.
4) The second case was studied on the glume length by Engledow (1920, 1923) in a cross T. polonicum×T. durum, who termed the phenomenon “shift”. This abnormality could be explained also by the major gene P and the multiple modifyers.
5) Darlington (1927, 1928) and Watkins (1940) consider that in tetraploid wheats these two abnormalities are examples of the result of autosyndesis in the polyploid plants. The present work shows, however, the contrary results.
6) The characters waxy and waxless differ by an allelomorphic pair W-w and their inhibitor Iw-iw. The genotype of waxless T. dicoccoides is wwIwIw and in F2 the ratio 13 waxless: 3 waxy is ordinarily observed. W and Iw show an independent segregation to the genes P, A and Hg respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (988K) -
Motoo Kimura1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 118-120
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper the following theorems were obtained:
I. In a Mendelian polyhybrid it is not always possible to predict the frequency of each genotype in the following generation, even if its genotype, linkage groups of given genes and all recombination values between these genes are given.
II. In the following cases the predictions are possible under the condition given above regardless of the number of these genes and of linkage groups:
In every linkage group
(1) Given genes are less than four.
(2) Frequencies of triple- and multiple crossovers are negligible within the region containg these genes.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Masaru Kato1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 120-123
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS”.inode” larval pattern with black colour is a simple dominant character for normal-marking in silk worm, and the symbol U is given to this pattern by Hashimoto (1941). In this experiment “Hinode” pattern was crossed with plain (p). F1 had “Hinode” pattern, and when backcrossed with plain, gave “Hinode” pattern, normal-marking, grey side pattern and plain in the ratio of 1:1:1:1.
The new character, grey side pattern, is developed in the skin of larva with grey colour, longitudinally from mesothorax to the 6th-8th abdominal segments, between the subdorsal and supraspiracular line from the 3rd to the 5th larval stages, and diluted from the 5th stage. Similar digenic segregation is also found in the hybrids between segregates with grey side pattern and normal-marking in that backcross. “Hinode” pattern is, therefore, formed with the interaction of both dominant genes U and P, whereas grey side pattern is brought about by the gene U only.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Hiroo Seki1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 123-125
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writer made a cytological investigation on some plants of Broussonetia Kazinoki Sieb. In plants collected from Ueda, Nagano Prefecture, 13 bivalent chromosomes were clearly counted in I-metaphase of P. M. C. and the meiotic behavior was quite normal. This number was ascertained by the further observation on the mitosis in its root-tip cells, showing 2n=26. While some plants from Nagasaki Prefecture showed 39 chromosomes in root-tip cells, giving the triploid number.
It is noteworthy that the basic number of chromosome in Broussonetia Kazinoki may be 13 and that of the nearly related genus Morus is 14 as well as both of them have triploid plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (283K) -
Akira Moriya, Akira Kondo1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 126-131
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writers studied the chromosome numbers in 26 species or varieties of Gramineae which flower mainly from spring to summer in the northern part of Kantô district.
1). The basic number of chromosomes is 7 with the exceptions of 4 species that have 9 or 10 in haploid.
2). 30 percent of grass materials was revealed to be diploid, 50 percent tetraploid, 10 percent hexaploid and 10 percent octoploid. Thus the polyploids, especially the tetraploid are predominant in this district from spring to summer.
3). It was found that, in the genus Agropyron, the high polyploid species are to be more adaptable in high elevation than the related lower polyploid ones.
4). Some grasses naturalized from the cultivation showed high polyploidy.
5). In the genera Agropyton, Agrostis, Bromus and Poa, the higher polyploid species are more useful for the forage plant than the lower polyploid ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Akira Moriya, Akira Kondo1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 131-134
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writers studied the chromosome numbers in 18 species or varieties of Leguminosae which come into flower mainly from spring to summer in the northern part of Kantô district.
1). The basic numbers of chromosomes observed are 6, 7 and 8. Genera Trifolium and Vicia have two basic numbers of chromosomes, namely in the former 7 and 8, and in the latter 6 and 7, respectively.
2). 80 percent of the material plants was found diploid. Tetraploid species are very few compared with Gramineae.
3). A relationship among polyploidy, distribution and forage value in leguminous plants was scarcely observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (356K) -
Sajiro Makino1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 134-136
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith a hairless male mouse appeared in a colony of the oriental tame mice (Mus molossinus), some genetical experiments were made. The results obtained are presented as follows:
The mating of the hairless male with the normal female produced five litters, 34 offspring, all haired. Four back-cross matings of F1 female×hairless male (P) have yielded a total of 27 offspring, 15 haired and 12 hairless. Other two back-cross matings of F1 male×normal female have given 11 offspring, all haired.
From the evidences presented above, it is no doubt that hairless of the present case is due to a simple recessive gene.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Akira Katata1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 136-139
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe skin of the hairless mouse (Mus molossinus) was histologically studied. The coat of the hairless mouse here concerned was shed when the animal was about two weeks old. Sections of hairless skin showed that it differed from the normal skin in the fact that though the epidermis is normal in appearance, the cutis is very thickened. The hair follicle shows a very poor development, being considerably less in number than in the normal skin. There is no papilla in the hair follicle.
The histological structure of the skin of the bare-neck chicken was examined. The skin is, on the whole, remarkably thinner than that of the normal chicken of the same age, due to a poor development of the cutis. The cutis of the bare- neck chicken is also remarkable in having no feather follicle and other elements necessary for the development of the feather.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
I. The external characters and chromosomes of the fertile F1 T. turgidum (n=14)×S. cereale (n=7) and its F2 progeniesGoichi Nakajima1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 139-148
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the purpose of breeding the amphidiploid, the writer studied genetically and cytologically F1 and F2 plants raised between T. turgidum (n=14) and S. cereale (n=7).
One of the three F1 individuals raised in 1941 was fertile and the other two sterile.
The F1 plants resembled morphologically rather rye, but between fertile and sterile F1 plants differences in external characters were scarcely noted.
The number of somatic chromosomes of the fertile F1 plant is 21, the sum of the gametic number of chromosomes of their parents. The fertile F1 plant showed fertility, though partially, by self pollination, and 68 seeds were obtained from 284 spikelets. This fertility corresponds to 23.94% as calculated to the number of spikelets, 42 F2 plants were raised from these seeds.
The maturation division in P.M.C-s of the fertile F1 plant may be classed into two types, i. e., A-type which gives rise to the pollen grains with the number of chromosomes nearly equal to 21/2, and B-type which results in the pollen grains with the number of chromosomes 2n or approximately equal to it. The course of maturation division of A-type was alike to that of the sterile F1 plants.
In more than half of the pollen mother cells, the course of B-type was observed. In B-type both the non-conjugation and the formation of restitution nucleus were observed.
The pollen grains with 2n chromosomes, produced through the course of nonconjugation and restitution nucleus contain A B genoms from T. turgidum and R genom S. cereale. They play an important role in the formation of amphidiploid.
The number of somatic chromosomes of F2 plants varied from 41 to 45. Plants with 42 somatic chromosomes were prevalent in F2 reaching to 66.67%.
Hyper and hypo-ploid plants resulted from the abnormality in the maturation divisions of F1 were found frequently in F2.
In F2, some plants having 41 or 42 somatic chromosomes showed some fertility. No evident differences were found in external characters among the plants showing 2n=41 and 42, and also among the fertile and sterile plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Nagaharu U, Hirotoshi Huziwara1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 149-153
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In der Primula malacoides Franch. befindet sich, ausser der diploiden Rasse, die tetraploide Rasse, wie Kattermann, G, und Hartimair, V. berichtet haben.
2. Aus Bastardsamen von Diploid (n=9)×Tetraploid (n=18) der P. malacoides haben 3 Individuen geblüht, unter denen eine Pflanze fertil war und zwei andere steril und überdies die äusseren Merkmalen mütterlich waren.
3 Durch die karyologischen Beobachtungen wurde es nachgewiesen, dass diese fertile Bastardpflanze Tetraploid (2n=36) ist. Diese Erscheinung ist, wie es scheint, durch die Chromosomenverdoppelung von mütterlicher Seite hervorge-rufen worden. Die Reifungsteilung dieser Tetraploid war regelmässig, aber aus der Aufspaltung des Merkmales bei den Nachkommen wird es gefolgert, dass bei den Chromosomenkonjugationen dieser Tetraploid nur Autosyndese nicht stattfindet.
4. Bei der einen von zweien sterilen Pflanzen konnten wir die somatische Chromosomenzahl nicht feststellen infolge des Mangels des Beobachtungsmaterials, aber die Reifungsteilung dieser Pflanze war unregelmässig. Es ist merkwürdig, dass bei dieser Pflanze die Chromosomenverklebungen in der IM. od. IA. nicht selten zutagetreten.
5. Bei der anderen sterilen Pflanze konnten wir karyologische Beobachtung nicht durchführen.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
I. On the chromosomes of two species of the GobiidaeSyunsaku Nogusa1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 153-157
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSo far as the author is aware, the chromosomes of gobiid fishes have never been studied by any author. The present paper deals with the chromosomes in male germ cells of Tridentiger obscurus and Acanthogobius flavimanus belonging to the Family Gobiidae. No numerical and morphological differences of chromosomes were observed between these two species, as clearly seen by reference to the accompanying figures (Figs. 1-16). The diploid number of chromosomes counted in the spermatogonial division is 44, all being of telomitic type with gradual difference of length. The only visible difference lies between the smallest two pairs which are quite conspicuous on account of their remarkable minute size in Tridentiger obscurus.
The haploid number, 22, is clearly demonstrated in the primary and secondary spermatocytes.
In none of the cases described above, there was any evidence for the presence of the particular chromosomes, either in behaviour or in structure.
Apparently the chromosome complex of the Gobiidae resembles those in some Pisces such as certain Cyprinidae, Cyprinodontidae, Gasterosteidae, Pholidae and Cobitidae, in many points, i.e. in their number, form and mode of arrangement.View full abstractDownload PDF (566K) -
(1) On the inheritance of Lobulus auriculaeAkio Suzuki1950 Volume 25 Issue 3-4 Pages 157-159
Published: 1950
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper the writer reported that the human ear-lappets divided into two groups: the one has Lobulus auriculae, the other has not. He carried out a study on the inheritance of this character and came to the following conclusions.
1. The frequency of having Lobulus auriculae as determined with reference to all criteria is as follows:
Age 12-17 (_??_) 65.023±0.306% (_??_) 57.026±0.208%
2. The two groups were recognized as a hereditary character in human ear-lappets.
3. In order to decide the hereditary type of Lobulus auriculae, Weinberg's sib-method was applied to the children born by normal parents, the result showing the simple Mendelian recessiveness.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K)
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