The Japanese Journal of Genetics
Online ISSN : 1880-5787
Print ISSN : 0021-504X
ISSN-L : 0021-504X
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Volume 69, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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ARTICLES
  • Structural analysis of the rhlE gene of Escherichia coli
    Haruo OHMORI
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 1-12
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The E. coli chromosome is known to carry at least five genes, each of which codes for a "D-E-A-D" box protein that is presumed to possess an ATP-dependent RNA helicase activity. Four of such genes (srmB, deaD, dbpA and rhlB) were already mapped on the E. coli chromosome and their DNA sequences determined. We here report the complete nucleotide sequence of the remaining rhlE gene located at about 17.8 min on the E. coli genetic map. RhlE protein possesses all of the motifs (I to VI) conserved among prokaryotic and eukaryotic "D-E-A-D" proteins and has an arginine-rich carboxyl-terminal region. A null mutant of the rhlE gene was constructed by a new method with a ColE1 plasmid mutant that replicates in RNase HI-deficient bacterial strains, but not in the wild-type strains. The ΔrhlE mutant can grow normally, implying that the rhlE gene product is nonessential for bacterial cell growth.
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  • Structural changes of rye chromosome 1R induced by a gametocidal chromosome
    Takashi R. ENDO, Maki YAMAMOTO, Yasuhiko MUKAI
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 13-19
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.13
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A certain chromosome of Aegilops triuncialis is known to cause chromosomal aberrations in common wheat. We studied how frequently the Ae. triuncialis chromosome induced chromosome mutations in chromosome 1R of rye which was substituted for chromosome 1B in a common wheat cultivar. Wheat-rye translocations and deletions in chromosome 1R were found in more than 10% of the plants examined, and most of them were stably transmitted in the subsequent generations. The possible use of this system for inducing wheat-alien translocations is discussed in relation to wheat breeding.
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  • Effects of DNA polymerase β gene over-expressed in transgenic Drosophila on DNA repair and recombination
    Mi-Ae YOO, Won-Ho LEE, Hye-Yeong HA, Jae-Ryeon RYU, Masamitsu YAMAGUCH ...
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 21-33
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.21
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    DNA polymerase β (pol β) cDNA of rat fused to an enhancer-promoter region plus a poly(A) signal sequence of actin 5C gene of Drosophila (abbreviated pol β) was transferred to the Drosophila genome. Three of four constructed transgenic strains possessing transgene pol β on different chromosomes were studied. Levels of the pol β transcript and those of the polymerization activity of pol β were markedly elevated in cultured cells transfected with polβ-bearing vectors as well as in embryos of the transgenic strains. The popular idea that DNA polymerase β participates in DNA repair was not supported by the observation that a pair of a normal and a polβ strain, and the other pair of a mei-9 mei-41 (DNA-repair deficient double mutations) strain and a polβ mei-9 mei-41 strain, showed no difference in survival within each pair after treatment with ultraviolet light, methylmethane sulfonate and mitomycin C. The other idea that DNA polymerase β participates in recombination was supported by the findings that spontaneous frequency of recombination, either meiotic or mitotic, is significantly higher in a transgenic polβ strain than in a non-transgenic strain. The enhanced recombination frequency in the polβ strain may, however, reflect an indirect effect of over-produced pol β proteins on chromosomal stability. Whatever the direct effect of rat pol β is, the transgenic polβ flies will be useful for study of the physiological role of pol β and the mechanism of recombination.
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  • Induction of parthenogenetic haploid plants with brassinolide
    Yoshiaki KITANI
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.35
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    A plant steroid hormone, brassinolide, was found to induce parthenogenetic haploid seed generation when applied to the stigmas of the castrated flower buds. In the two species examined, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica juncea, haploid seeds were obtained which developed to stable haploid plants, but in the third species, Tradescantia paludosa, haploid seeds when germinated soon became haplo-diplo mixoploid and then diploid.
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  • Homoeologous group 1 chromosomes of Agropyron restore nucleus-cytoplasmic compatibility in alloplasmic common wheat with Agropyron cytoplasms
    Tohru SUZUKI, Chiharu NAKAMURA, Naoki MORI, Yoko IWASA, Chukichi KANED ...
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 41-51
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.41
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    Short-arm telocentric chromosomes of two Agropyron species, A. glaucum and A. trichophorum, confer nucleus-cytoplasmic compatibility on the alloplasmic common wheat with cytoplasms of these Agropyron species. To determine the homoeologous group of the telocentric Agropyron chromosomes, we studied 1) chromosome pairing in a series of double monosomic-monotelosomic addition plants carrying each one of the two telocentric chromosomes and a single chromosome derived from the closely related species, A. elongatum, 2) in situ hybridization pattern with 18S.26S rDNA in alloplasmic, ditelosomic addition lines, and 3) functional compensation in the alloplasmic, monosomic A. elongatum chromosome addition plants based on plant vigor and selfed seed fertility. Our results showed that the telocentric Agropyron chromosomes belong to the homoeologous group 1.
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  • Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers detected in a segregating hybrid population of Solanum chacoense × S. phureja
    Kazuyoshi HOSAKA, Robert E. HANNEMAN, Jr.
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 53-66
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.53
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    Reproducible random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns were obtained in two potato species (Solanum chacoense and S. phureja), one of their F1's, and its derived F2 population, by adjusting temperature profiles of the amplification process and template DNA concentrations (1 ng/μl reaction vol.). Although the number of amplified products and detectable differences between the two species increased with increasing GC content of the primer, 50% or 60% GC is recommended for maximizing scorable RAPDs in the F2 population. Using 82 primers, 589 RAPDs were detected between the parents, and 70% of them (409 RAPDs) in the F1 clone. The number of RAPDs reliably scored for their segregations in the F2 population was significantly lowered because of complicated RAPD patterns. Consequently, 22% of the RAPDs detected in the parents (129 RAPDs), an average of 1.57 RAPDs per primer, were obtained as genetic markers, which can be used for the construction of a genetic map for this particular population.
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  • Temperature preference of Drosophila immigrans and D. virilis: Intra- and inter-population genetic variation
    Akihiko H. YAMAMOTO
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 67-76
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.67
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Large amounts of genetic variation for preferred temperature was uncovered in natural populations of Drosophila immigrans and D. virilis. On average, the former preferred 17.8°C and the latter did 21.0°C. Most variation in D. immigrans was found among isofemale lines within geographic populations, with no significant difference among geographic populations. Both intra- and inter-populational differentiation were significant in D. virilis. No geographic cline in preferred temperature was observed in either species. The distribution of flies on the temperature gradient indicates that the temperature selection of D. immigrans is stronger than that of in D. virilis.
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  • Diallel analysis of temperature preference in Drosophila immigrans
    Akihiko H. YAMAMOTO
    1994 Volume 69 Issue 1 Pages 77-86
    Published: 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: July 29, 2004
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.77
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The genetic structure of temperature preference of D. immigrans was analyzed by a 4×4 diallel cross. Preference for low temperature was dominant to that for high temperature. Partition of the variance showed that most of the variance was additive; the variance caused by dominance was small but significant, and non-additive, non-dominance variance was not significant. Heritability of the temperature preference was 0.81. There may be a few genes involved in variation for temperature preference.
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