The Japanese Journal of Genetics
Online ISSN : 1880-5787
Print ISSN : 0021-504X
ISSN-L : 0021-504X
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Volume 66, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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REGULAR PAPERS
  • Partial mono-trisomic plants of rice, Oryza sativa L. derived from interchange homozygote, RT2-3b·T65
    Shigetoshi SATO
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 117-128
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.117
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    Many abnormal or trisomic-like plants with short culm and lopped leaves segregated in F2 and B1F1 of crosses involving the interchange homozygote RT2-3b·T65. The frequency of appearance of trisomic-like plants was about one quarter of the F2 and B1F1 plants in which the interchange heterozygotes were used as the maternal parent. The further breeding behaviour of the trisomic-like plants was the same as that of the trisomics. Cytological analysis disclosed that the trisomic-like plants were not trisomics; associations of four chromosomes were formed at diakinesis, and the cells at MII contained 12 chromosomes. It was estimated that both male and female gametes of unbalanced type 23-3, which were produced by the adjacent-I disjunction, were functional, and that trisomic-like plants could result from the unbalanced female gamete fertilized by male gamete of one of two balanced types, normal (2-3) and interchanged (23-32). A genetical analysis using two genes, nl1 (neck leaf) on the second chromosome and A (anthocyanin activator) on the third showed that these two loci were closely linked with the breakpoint of RT2-3b·T65. It also showed that most of trisomic-like plants segregated in F2 of the cross between RT2-3b·T65 and the linkage tester T65·nl1 had the nl1+ allele derived from RT2-3b·T65, and all the trisomic-like plants segregated in F2 of the cross between RT2-3b·T65 and T65·A Pn had the A gene from the linkage tester. Combined segregations among these genes, chromosomes and plant types in offspring of trisomic-like plants were reasonably explicable on the basis of the above estimation. It was, then, unequivocal that the trisomic-like plant was partial monosomic for the second chromosome and partial trisomic for the third.
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  • Diallel analysis of callus growth and plant regeneration in rice seed-callus
    Toshinori ABE, Yuzo FUTSUHARA
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 129-140
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.129
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    Genetic characteristics of callus growth and plant regeneration in rice with seed-derived calli were studied in 6 × 6 diallel crosses using Japonica cultivars. Genetic parameters estimated by Hayman's method showed the high additive gene effects and involvement of two groups of genes for callus growth, which were identified as incomplete dominance. On the other hand, both dominance and additive effects were important for plant regeneration, and further epistatic effects were observed in this character, while the analysis of 5 × 5 subdiallel for plant regeneration showed non-epistatic relation and involvement of 2 groups of genes. Graphical analysis using Vr and Wr for the callus growth showed that Norin 1, Somewake and Daikoku 1 possessed dominant genes which suppress callus growth, while Kuju, Sasanishiki and Murasaki-ine whose callus growth was more vigorous had recessive genes. The frequency distribution of callus growth in F2 generation between Kuju and Somewake showed a segregation which agreed with the expected ratio for a single factor control (3:1). On the other hand, relationship between Vr and Wr in the 5 × 5 subdiallel for plant regeneration showed that Daikoku 1, which had a relatively high capacity for plant regeneration, possessed more dominant genes, while Norin 1 and Kuju, which had lower capacities, possessed recessive genes. The reciprocal F1s between Norin 1 and Somewake showed excellent capacities for plant regeneration (average of reciprocal crosses: 62%). Strategies for genetical improvement of plant regeneration are discussed.
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  • A tail length modifier gene discovered in the Japanese wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus)
    Atsushi FUJIMOTO, Nobuyuki BABA, Noboru WAKASUGI
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 141-154
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.141
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    The presence of the t haplotypes in strains derived from the Japanese wild mice (Mus musculus molossinus) was investigated. Crosses between the T/+ heterozygous short tailed mice and five normal tailed molossinus strains (MOL-ANJ, MOA, MOL-NEM, MOM and Mns) produced no tailless mice, indicating that these strains possess no t haplotype. In contrast, tailless mice were produced by a cross between the T/+ heterozygotes and a MOL-NIS strain. Mating experiments showed that the tailless character was due to an interaction between the T gene and an autosomal recessive gene carried by the MOL-NIS strain that expresses the short tail character under the homozygous condition. We have tentatively named this gene brachyury-interacting tail length modifier (btm). It remains to be investigated whether the btm gene is located in the t complex region or in the other locus.
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  • Restriction fragment length polymorphism of glutelin from cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    Fumio TAKAIWA, Kiyoharu OONO
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 155-160
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.155
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    Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the glutelin genes was studied within the 29 accessions of cultivated Oryza sativa. The glutelin genes of Japonica type showed monomorphic Southern hybridization pattern, whereas those of the Indica type showed an extensive variation. At least four types of genomic organization of glutelin genes were observed in the cultivated species of Oryza sativa.
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  • Genomic DNA sequences of two new genes for new storage protein glutelin in rice
    Fumio TAKAIWA, Kiyoharu OONO
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 161-171
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.161
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    A new cDNA and two genomic genes encoding the rice storage protein glutelin were isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of one gene (GluA-3) was completely identical with that of the new cDNA identified here, and the other (GluA-4) was a pseudogene. These glutelin genes were closely related to each other, and belonged to the subfamily A containing the type I (GluA-1) and II (GluA-2) glutelin genes. The Northern blot analysis, using synthetic oligonucleotide specific to the GluA-3 gene as a probe, showed that this gene was expressed earlier than other glutelin genes during seed maturation.
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  • Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the Arthrobacter dextranase gene and its expression in Escherichia coli and Streptococcus sanguis
    Minoru OKUSHIMA, Dan SUGINO, Yoshio KOUNO, Shigeru NAKANO, Junichi MIY ...
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 173-187
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.173
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    A bacterial strain, which assimilated dextran and water-insoluble glucan produced by Streptococcus mutans, was isolated from soil. The bacterium produced and secreted potent dextranase activity, which was identified as Arthrobacter sp. and named CB-8. The dextranase was purified and some enzymatic properties were characterized. The enzyme efficiently decomposed the water-insoluble glucan as well as dextran. A gene library from the bacteria was constructed with Escherichia coli, using plasmid pUC19, and clones producing dextranase activity were selected. Based on the result of nucleotide sequencing analysis, it was deduced that the dextranase was synthesized in CB-8 cells as a polypeptide precursor consisting of 640 amino acid residues, including 49 N-terminal amino acid residues which could be regarded as a signal peptide. In the E. coli transformant, the dextranase activity was detected mostly in the periplasmic space. The gene for the dextranase was introduced into Streptococcus sanguis, using an E. coli-S. sanguis shuttle vector that contained the promoter sequence of a gene for glucosyltransferase derived from a strain of S. mutans. The active dextranase was also expressed and accumulated in S. sanguis cells.
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  • A high efficient method for introduction of exogenous genes into Phycomyces blakesleeanus
    Tamotsu OOTAKI, Atsushi MIYAZAKI, Joe FUKUI, Yuji KIMURA, Seiichi UMEM ...
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 189-195
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.189
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    An efficient method is described for obtaining transformants in Phycomyces by microinjection of plasmid DNA carrying the kanamycin resistance gene from Tn903 into a young sporangium. Approximately 9% of the colonies, germinated from the spores which were developed in the sporangium, were resistant to G418 when a 36 ng sample of the transforming plasmid DNA was injected into a sporangium. The transformation efficiency (transfomants/total colonies) was about 350 times higher than that (transfomants/total protoplasts) obtained with the ordinary protoplast method.
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  • Selective transmission of mitochondrial DNA in heteroplasmic lines for intra- and interspecific combinations in Drosophila melanogaster
    Etsuko T. MATSUURA, Yuzo NIKI, Sadao I. CHIGUSA
    1991 Volume 66 Issue 2 Pages 197-207
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: June 10, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.66.197
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    The transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was investigated in the heteroplasmic lines of Drosophila melanogaster at 19°C and at 25°C. The selective transmission of one type of mtDNA was dependent on the temperature at which the lines were maintained. In heteroplasmic lines for an intraspecific combination induced by germ-plasm transplantation using D. melanogaster as a germ-plasm donor, the proportion of donor mtDNA decreased in four out of five lines examined, the decreasing rate of which being greater at 25°C than at 19°C. Donor mtDNA was lost by the 20th generation at 25°C. For an interspecific combination using D. mauritiana as a germ-plasm donor, the proportion of donor mtDNA increased and endogenous mtDNA was replaced with donor mtDNA at 25°C. But donor mtDNA was almost lost at 19°C by the 14th generation in all four lines examined. Possible mechanisms involved in the temperature-dependent modes of mtDNA transmission are discussed.
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