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Volume 61 (1986)
- Issue 6 Pages 537-
- Issue 5 Pages 419-
- Issue 4 Pages 295-
- Issue 3 Pages 193-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 61, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Koshi SATO, Yuzo NIKI1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 193-205
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new temperature-sensitive pattern deficient mutation, umbrella (uba) (1-43.9±1.6) is described. This mutation causes pleiotropy and phenotypic variation in malformed wing margins and veins at 25°C. The temperature-sensitive period was during the late half of the third larval stage (96 to 120 hr after egg laying at 25°C). Aldehyde oxidase activity decreased in the presumptive wing margin and anterior compartment of the presumptive wing blades. Cell death, expressed disc-autonomously, occurred from the early third instar and became prominent in presumptive wing blade regions at the mid-third instar. The number of wing disc cells decreased to 68% and 78% those of the wild-type at the mid- and late third instars, respectively. Consequently, the pattern abnormalities of uba flies can be ascribed to localized disc cell death. The relationships between uba and other wing mutations causing pattern abnormalities are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2138K) -
V. BAIMAI, A. TRAIPAKVASIN, Osamu KITAGAWA1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 207-216
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological examination of D. kikkawai and D. leontia from different geographic origins shows quantitative variation of constitutive heterochro-matin in the 4th (microchromosome) and Y chromosomes. Four new types of the 4th chromosome and two of the Y chromosome have been discovered in D. kikkawai. When combined with the previous records, a total of 9 types of 4th chromosome and 4 types of Y chromosome have been encountered in natural populations of D. kikkawai. This makes it the most variable in metaphase karyotype in the genus Drosophila. In contrcst, its sibling species, D. leontia, exhibits a uniform mitotic karyotype similar to D. bocki. Furthermore, D. kikkawai is highly variable in metaphase heterochromatin in the oriental region, especially in Southeast Asia, which probably represents the center of its distribution, while populations toward the eastern and western bounds tend to be monomorphic which reflect the periphery of the species range.View full abstractDownload PDF (2047K) -
Sylvie AULARD1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 217-223
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Tunisian natural population of Drosophila melanogaster has been screened for chromosome inversion polymorphism. All 10 of the inversion types found are paracentric and autosomal. Five of these are cosmopolitan: common, In (2L)t and In(2R)NS, or rare, In (2R)Cy, In (3R)C and In(3R)M. The others are new endemic, with the exception of In(2L)Cy. This inversion, the break points of which are very close, both distally and proximally, to those of In(2L)t, was never formally described in a natural population before and seemed to be only a laboratory stock rearrangement. The presence of In(2L)Cy has been established unequivocally by crossing males from the Tunisian lines with virgin females from a (2L)Cy-type strain. From the results, In(2L)Cy appears to exist in at least one natural population. It is possible that this chromosome sequence might occur in another population, but described as In(2L)t because of the close similarity of these two inversions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1682K) -
Tatsuo INOUE, Chigusa T. IWAMOTO, Terumi MUKAI1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 225-232
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was examined whether or not mutations induced by hybrid dysgenesis in the process of isolating second chromosomes caused excessive estimates of additive genetic variance for viability, and the results strongly suggest that significant increase in the estimates of additive variance has not been created by the mutations of the above type. The reason is that the P factors induce mainly mosaic lethal and severely detrimental mutations whose degree of dominance (h) is very small.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Kenji MIKASA, Takashi NARISE1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 233-240
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemperature-influenced emigration behavior of Drosophila melanogaster was examined over the range of 16-31°C with Sakai's migration system using 33 isogenic lines derived from a natural population. Interaction of genotype with temperature was an important factor for emigration response ehavior to temperature. Three emigration response patterns (linear, optimum-temperature, and threshold-temperature response) were found among isogenic lines in a natural population and quantitative differences were also detected in each type. The maintenance of genetic variability for temperature-influenced emigration behavior would provide evolutionary flexibility to a population under changing temperature conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (847K) -
Machiko HATSUMI, Ken-Ich WAKAHAMA1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 241-244
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe species-specific sperm length and testis length were observed among the fourteen members of the Drosophila nasuta subgroup. The sperm length was highly correlated with the testis length and they reflected the taxonomic relationship. The present study suggests that the sperm length does not play an important role in the reproductive isolation in this subgroup.View full abstractDownload PDF (388K) -
Akinori UCHINO, Toshihiro MIYAZAKI1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 245-252
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChromosome constitution was analyzed in progenies from the translocation heterozygous allotetraploids (2n=34, AATBBT) of Scilla scilloides Druce. Fifteen plants out of 139 selfed and 25 open-pollinated progenies were homo- or heterozygous for the chromosome a2S carrying a large satellite, though the parental plants had no satellited a2. This SAT-chromosome is similar to satellited a2 present in the Korean diploid AA but not to non-satellited a2 found in allopolyploids. Thus satellited a2 which incurred differential amphiplasty may possibly have recovered its normal shape in the allotetraploids. Diploid AA comprising satellited a2 may possibly contribute to the synthesis of allopolyploids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1181K) -
I. Allozyme polymorphismsMasayoshi WATADA, Yoshiko N. TOBARI, Shigeru OHBA1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 253-269
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnzyme polymorphisms at 10 loci were studied both for D, simulans from the Japanese main island populations and Ogasawara population (the former has recently colonized and the latter has long been established) and for D. melanogaster from the main island and southern island populations including Ogasawara and Ryukyu Islands (these have been established). The proportion of polymorphic loci of D. simulans (32%) was lower than that of D. melanogaster (68%). However, a remarkable similarity in the average heterozygosities was found between D. simulans (H=0.154) and D. melanogaster (H=0.156). Differences in allele frequencies between years were small in both species. Among the 16 main island populations of D. simulans from Sapporo to Kagoshima, geographical uniformity of allozyme polymorphisms was found, but allele frequencies in the Ogasawara population were quite distinct from those of the main island populations. On the other hand, apparent geographical differentiation was found in D. melanogaster even among the 14 main island populations, as well as between the main island and Ogasawara populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1695K) -
Satoshi HORAI, Takashi GOJOBORI, Ei MATSUNAGA1986 Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 271-275
Published: 1986
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnalysis of the data for mitochondrial DNA using restriction enzymes revealed a total of 117 different types among Japanese, Caucasians and Negroes. The average number of nucleotide substitutions for the Japanese was almost the same as that for the Caucasians, whereas the value for the Negroes was almost two times larger than those for the other two races. A phylogenetic tree constructed by genetic distances showed distinct clusters of individuals from the same racial group, although there were interminglings of individuals from different racial groups in some clusters. The overall clustering pattern in the tree suggested that the ancestral human population was already polymorphic in the mitochondrial genome before the divergence of the three major races.View full abstractDownload PDF (437K)
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