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Volume 54 (1979)
- Issue 6 Pages 405-
- Issue 5 Pages 317-
- Issue 4 Pages 217-
- Issue 3 Pages 143-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 54, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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KENJI MIKASA, TAKASHI NARISE1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 217-228
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was made to find out the relation between temperature and dispersive behavior with laboratory and newly collected wild strains of Drosophila melanogaster. There were three patterns of dispersive response to temperature: linear response, threshold response and optimum temperature response. The different strams had different dispersive responses both in laboratory and wild strains suggesting that the response to temperature would be a genetic character. There were also different sensitivity between the newly collected strains from northern region and these from southern region. The northern strains had higher dispersive activity than the southern strains. Two possible reasons were considered for the results. The first was some selection for dispersive activity due to the climatic condition, and the second was island effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (1353K) -
SUMIKO GAMO, MASAHIRO OGAKI, EIJI NAKASHIMA-TANAKA1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 229-234
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of chloroform on three strains (Eth, Quick Sand, and bw; st; svn) were investigated genetically. Adult flies at 24 hours of age were anesthetized with chloroform for 0.5 and 1.0 minute, and mortalities were assessed 4 days later. The Eth strain was resistant and the Quick Sand and the bw; st; svn strains, susceptible to the chloroform. Reciprocal crosses between the Eth and the bw; st; svn strains showed that the resistance to chloroform was completely dominant over sensitivity and that maternal or cytoplasmic effects were negligible. A major gene(s) with respect to chloroform resistance is located on the X-chromosome, and a minor gene(s), on the second chromosome. We reported that the Eth strain was more resistant to ether than the Quick Sand and the bw; st; svn strains. Thus, it can be said that a cross-resistance to ether and chloroform is found in the Eth strain. The resistance to ether, as well as to chloroform, is a completely dominant trait with no maternal or cytoplasmic factors. However, the locus of the major gene(s) for the ether resistance is 61± on the third chromosome, and the minor genes are on both the X-and the fourth chromosomes. Therefore, resistances to ether and to chloroform are controlled by different genes. This suggests that the mechanisms of resistance to ether and to chloroform are different.View full abstractDownload PDF (541K) -
HOMARE KUWANA, RYOSUKE OKUMURA1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 235-244
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTen acetate-requiring mutants of Neurospora crassa were analyzed genetically and examined their growth and enzyme characteristics. It was found that four of the mutants occurred at the known two loci, ace-2 and suc, and the other six were identified as mutations at the new genes, ace-3, ace-4, ace-5 and ace-7. These six acetate genes are scattered all over the linkage map of N. crassa. The ace-2 gene was located between pro-1 and com on the right arm of linkage group III. The ace-3 gene was located between al-1 and nic-1 on the right arm of linkage group I. The ace-4 gene was located between cys-10 and fi on the left arm of linkage group IV. The ace-5 gene was located between am and ure-1 on the right arm of linkage group V. The ace-7 gene was located between nic-2 and cr-1 on the right arm of linkage group I.View full abstractDownload PDF (818K) -
RYOSUKE OKUMURA, HOMARE KUWANA1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 245-257
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree groups of acetate-requiring mutants of Neurospora crassa, ace-2, ace-3 and ace-4, were found to lack pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) activity. Gene-protein relationships in these mutants were investigated. All heterokaryons composed of inter-genic combinations exhibited PDHC activity. In addition, two ace-4 mutants complemented in vivo. On the other hand, in vitro complementation of PDHC activity by simple mixing two extracts was detected only in combinations of ace-2+ace-4 and ace-3+ace-4. Each of the three component enzymes of PDHC was detected as two peaks by Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. One of them eluted from Sephadex column at void volume comprises high molecular weight aggregate. In the case of the wild-type strain, it may be PDHC itself. The other peak comprises the activity due to free component enzyme. Molecular weights of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHase), lipoate acetyltransferase (LATase) and lipoamide reductase (LiRase) in free states were estimated at 190, 000, 300, 000 and 110, 000, respectively. Mutations in ace-4 gene affect LATase not to aggregate to form the core of PDHC. As a result, ace-4 mutants show high activities of free component enzymes, PDHase and LiRase. Mutants of ace-2 and ace-3 genes have the activities of all the three component enzymes of PDHC. Correspondence between ace-2 and ace-3 genes and component enzymes of PDHC could not be determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1129K) -
OHMI OHNISHI1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 259-270
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe frequency of chlorophyll-deficient genes and other detrimentals per gamete was estimated by conducting more than 1, 000 full-sib matings in six Japanese populations of buckwheat. The following types of abnormalities were observed in cotyledons; albinos 0.2%, yellows 3.7%, pale yellows 4.5%, pale green 5.6%, variegateds 3.4% and morphological abnormalities 1.9%. Each type of abnormality was also found in the foliage leaves at about a half the frequency in the cotyledons. The total frequencies were not very different among the populations, they ranged from 22 to 34%, except in the Togakushi population where the frequency was very low, 12%. The frequencies of all the abnormalities except the morphological one were also examined in random mating populations in farmer's fields. The total frequency of homozygotes was very low, around 0.02-0.05% in the cotyledons and not much different in the foliage leaves, probably because the population sizes are large and breeding is by insect pollination.-Based on the frequencies of abnormalities in the inbreeding experiment and those in random mating populations, the mechanism whereby detrimental genes are maintained in buckwheat populations was discussed. It seems that such detrimental genes are maintained by mutation-selection balance.-Information on the contribution of other factors to genetic loads, such as female sterility genes and cytoplasmic factors, were also given.View full abstractDownload PDF (2904K) -
TISSUE CULTURE IN HAWORTHIA. III. OCCURRENCE OF CALLUS VARIANTS DURING SUBCULTURES AND ITS MECHANISMYASUNARI OGIHARA, KOICHIRO TSUNEWAKI1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 271-293
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was aimed to elucidate how variant types occur during culture of the callus. A single original callus, that had been induced from a flower bud of Haworthia setata Haw. (2n=14), was successively subdivided during the first four culture generations finally to 236 calluses, of which 224 were successfully subcultured for further six culture generations. Several selected generations of each callus were examined during this period (two years in total), as to the following six characters; color, shape, growth rate, redifferentiation potentiality, greening and karyotype. Each of the first five characters was graded into three to five classes.
Change in each character was traced systematically in individual callus lines (=clones), and the data were analyzed statistically. As a whole, the variation expressed by both the total variance and standard deviation greatly increased during the early culture generations when subdivisions of the calluses were made, and it remained almost constant during the later generations. In addition, clear differences on the relative proportions of different variant callus types were often recognized among the four 1ry clones, among eight 2ry clones in each 1ry clone, and so on. These results indicated that the main mechanism of the occurrence of variant types of the callus is the production of different types (=cloned calluses) of homogeneous cell populations from a heterogeneous population (=stock callus) by continuous subdivisions of the stem callus.
In general, the change in callus characteristics was reversible, suggesting that some callus variants are epigenetic in nature. However, great differences on the reversibility were observed in several cases. Furthermore certain karyotypes were somewhat associated, at least, with two characters, callus shape and greening. These facts indicate that genetic changes also play an important role on the occurrence of callus variants.View full abstractDownload PDF (3228K) -
DAIGORO MORIWAKI, YOSHIKO N. TOBARI, MUNEO MATSUDA1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 295-302
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic factors controlling recombination frequencies in the second and the third chromosomes of males with constructed genomes of autosomes and Y-chromosome from several strains of D. ananassae were investigated. Recombination frequencies were highly variable depending on the genomes of the male. The highest recombination value in the interval of ml-ru on the third chromosome was 42.8%, which was close to the value in the female, 45.4%. The presence of major genetic factors in the autosomes was diagnosed, and some factors in the Y-chromosome were concurrently revealed, especially in that derived from the Tonga “dark” form. It is most worthy of note that highest recombination in the second chromosome was observed in the male constructed of Tonga autosomes, Y from cosmopolitan form, and X and cytoplasm from the marker strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (739K) -
NOBUHARU GOTO1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 303-306
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe organogenetic capacity of five dwarf mutant strains of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. was generally low as compared with normal line Estland on the B5 media supplemented with 9 different combinations of NAA and BA. Mutant F produced shoots in similar frequency to normal line, but produced roots less frequently. Mutant t and St1 produced shoots at one or two combinations of NAA and BA, but no rootformation was observed at any combination. Mutant le and g produced roots at one or two combinations, but no shoot-formation was observed at any combination. The media combined with NAA at 0.1-1mg/l and BA at 0.1-0.3mg/l were available for regeneration of whole plant in normal line. However, whole plant was scarcely regenerated in the tested dwarf mutants at any combination of NAA and BA.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
TAKESHI NISHIO, KOKICHI HINATA1979 Volume 54 Issue 4 Pages 307-311
Published: 1979
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA glycoprotein which is found specifically in the stigma of S7 homozygous plants in self-incompatible Brassica campestris was well purified using ConA Sepharose chromatography and density gradient isoelectric focusing. Its isoelectric point, molecular weight, carbohydrate content and amino acid composition were described.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K)
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