The Japanese Journal of Genetics

ARTICLES

RFLP mapping of a coding sequence for rice peroxidase: detection of a locus different from those determined by isozyme analyses

Naoki KISHIMOTO, Hiroyuki ITO, Yuko OHASHI, Akira SAITO

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 101-104
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.101

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RFLP mapping of a cloned peroxidase gene from rice was performed using a F₂ population derived from a crossing of an indica ('Kasalath') × a japonica ('FL134'). The peroxidase gene was mapped between two RFLP markers (XNpb373 and XNpb244-2) in the relatively distal region opposite to chl-1 on chromosome 3. It is concluded that this locus of the peroxidase gene is different from the loci determined by isozyme analyses.

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On the category of naturally occurring inversions of Drosophila melanogaster

Yutaka INOUE, Yuki IGARASHI

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 105-118
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.105

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The categorization of naturally occurring inversions in Drosophila melanogaster made by Mettler et al.(1977) was re-examined through compilation of recent data from the world-wide investigations. Categorization was changed into 5 classes by adding a new class: Common cosmopolitan, Rare cosmopolitan, Quasi cosmopolitan, Endemic and Unique. Modifications were also proposed: (1) The Rare cosmopolitans were limited to the 3 inversions, In(3L)M, In(3R)C and In(3R)Mo, instead of 8 inversions originally included. (2) Ambiguity between Endemic and Unique was noted and discussed. Data were presented to show that repeated surveys of the usual scale in a natural population indeed detected Endemic inversions which otherwise would have been classified as Unique inversions. More recent data on Japanese natural populations were finally presented. The Common cosmopolitans but not the Rare and Quasi cosmopolitans clearly showed high frequencies in the south.

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Phylogenetic place of a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica, inferred from amino acid sequences of elongation factor 2

Tetsurou SHIRAKURA, Tetsuo HASHIMOTO, Yoshihiro NAKAMURA, Takashi KAMA ...

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 119-135
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.119

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Partial DNA regions encoding a major part of translation elongation factor 2 (EF-2) from a mitochondria-lacking protozoan, Entamoeba histolytica, were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and their primary structures were analyzed. The deduced amino acid sequence was aligned with other eukaryotic and archaebacterial EF-2's, and the phylogenetic relationships among eukaryotes were inferred by the maximum likelihood (ML) method. The ML analyses using four different stochastic models of amino acid substitutions consistently suggest that among eukaryotic species being analyzed, E. histolytica is likely to have diverged from other higher eukaryotes on the early phase of eukaryotic evolution.

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Experimental bases for the minimum interaction theory. I. Chromosome evolution in ants of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)

Hirotami T. IMAI, Robert. W. TAYLOR, Rossiter H. CROZIER

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 137-182
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.137

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Chromosome evolution in primitive Australian ants of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex is investigated in the context of the minimum interaction theory. Under the minimum interaction theory, selection favors rearrangements tending to reduce the occurrence of deleterious chromosomal mutations, and hence chromosome numbers are expected to increase. The complex is chromosomally highly heterogeneous (2n = 2-32), and comprises at least 5 karyotypically distinct species: M. croslandi (2n=2-4), M. imaii (2n=6-8), M. banksi (2n=9-10), M. haskinsorum (2n=12-24), and M. pilosula (2n=18-32). Statistical considerations using the karyograph method and chromosomal alteration network analysis indicate that chromosome evolution of the complex proceeds as a whole towards increase in chromosome number by centric fission and, inversions converting chromosomes from aero- to metacentrics (A-M-inversion). These conclusions are consistent with the predictions of the minimum interaction theory. Both centric fusion and A-M-inversion serve to eliminate constitutive heterochromatin (visible as C-bands), which appears to increase in a saltatory fashion after centric fission, probably due to telomere instability. Newly observed phenomena which we term "fusion burst" and "fission burst" suggest that rates of chromosome evolution in M. pilosula have fluctuated with time.

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The origins of the Japanese mainland population of Drosophila albomicans

Takashi OHSAKO, Tadashi AOTSUKA, Osamu KITAGAWA

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 183-194
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.183

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Drosophila albomicans is a species widely distributed but mainly in Southeast Asia. In its traditional distribution, there are substantial genetic differentiations among three geographic areas, Southeast Asian continent, Taiwan and Nansei islands. In the last decade, however, this species has invaded the Japanese mainland and is now spreading its distribution area to western Japan. In this study, variations of chromosomal arrangements, allozymes and sex ratio in F₂ hybrids with D. nasuta were examined to identify the origins of the newly colonizing population. The results strongly suggest that the origins of Japanese mainland population can be found in Taiwan.

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Genetic analysis on the fertility restoration by Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring against photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility

Koji MURAI, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI

1994 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 195-202
Published: 1994
Released on J-STAGE: August 05, 2004

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1266/jjg.69.195

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Triticum aestivum cv. Norin 26 with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm shows photo-period-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). This alloplasmic line is almost completely male sterile under a long-day condition (15 h light period), but highly male fertile under a short-day condition (14.5 h light period). The alloplasmic line of T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring with the same cytoplasm does not express PCMS. Conventional and telosomic analyses revealed that the fertility restoration manifested by Chinese Spring is controlled mainly by a single dominant gene (designated Rfd1) located on the long arm of chromosome 7B, and that a large number of modifiers are involved in modifying the level of fertility restoration. The function of the Rfd1 gene is expressed sporophytically. A slight certation was observed between the two types of pollen grains, one carrying and the other not carrying this gene, under the presence of Ae. crassa cytoplasm.

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