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Volume 45 (1970)
- Issue 6 Pages 425-
- Issue 5 Pages 319-
- Issue 4 Pages 239-
- Issue 3 Pages 173-
- Issue 2 Pages 87-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 45, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TSUTOMU KAMADA, SAMUEL H. HORI1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 319-339
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases from a variety of animals and from yeast were compared using such parameters as the substrate specificity, effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate on the electrophoretic mobility, solubility in ammonium sulfate, chromatographic behavior on DEAE-Sephadex columns.
Although the animal glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenases exist in a variety of molecular forms, they were classified for convenience into three major types, I, II and III, based on the substrate specificity; Type I enzymes are active on glucose 6-phosphate only, Type II enzymes are active on glucose 6-phosphate and galactose 6-phosphate, and Type III enzymes are also active on deoxyglucose 6-phosphate. Type I was further divided into two subtypes, A and B, based on the effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate on the electrophoretic mobility of enzymes.
It has been found that Type I-A is the most common form among animals, and is the only form in yeast and paramecium, that Type II is present in invertebrates and in lower vertebrates, while Type III occurs exclusively in vertebrates. The results indicated the possibility that Type II and Type III might have evolved from Type I G6PD.View full abstractDownload PDF (3115K) -
TSUTOMU HASHIGUCHI, MASATOSHI YANAGIDA, YOSHIZANE MAEDA, MANJIRO TAKET ...1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 341-349
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSerum amylase isozyme of various breeds of domestic fowl and four species of jungle fowl was studied from genetico-biochemical aspects. The results are summarized as follows:
1) In respect of serum amylase isozyme of domestic fowl, 5 bands were detected on the anode side and among these bands, genetic variations were seen in the bands A and B and the existence of three phenotypes, AA, AB and BB was confirmed. From the results of various mating experiments, these bands A and B were found to be controlled by a pair of co-dominant alleles, Amy-1A and Amy-1B located on autosome.
2) As to various breeds of domestic fowl classified per origin or use, frequency of phenotype and gene frequency of serum amylase isozyme were examined. As a result, distinct differences among breeds were observed in the frequency of occurrence. The above results seem to be suggestive of the possibility of studies of breed differentiation in domestic fowl with genes controlling amylase isozyme as markers.
3) Serum amylase isozyme of four species of jungle fowl, Gallus gallus, Gallus sonneratii, Gallus varius and Gallus lafayetti was analyzed and compared with that of domestic fowl. As a result, coincidence of the phenotypes of serum amylase isozyme of these jungle fowl with those of domestic fowl was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (952K) -
YASUSHI TAKENOUCHI1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 351-355
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chromosomes of seven Japanese species of Curculio were studied in male germ cells. The results are summarized in Table 2. Curculio flavescens showed two different chromosome numbers, the one by 2n, 28 and the other by 2n, 26.View full abstractDownload PDF (406K) -
HIROKAZU INOUE, TATSUO ISHIKAWA1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 357-369
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo hundred and fifty seven temperature sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa which were unable to grow at 35°C but grew at 25°C were isolated. 46 of these (irreparable temperature sensitive mutants) were unable to restore growth at 35°C by supplementing various nutrients. The irreparable temperature sensitive mutations were found which resulted in loss of viability of conidia, abnormality in morphology, loss of growing ability which is reversible by high osmotic pressure, loss of germinating ability of conidia or reduced ability to synthesize nucleic acids or protein at 35°C. Possible defects in macromolecule synthesis leading to loss of germinating ability of conidia were analysed in some of these mutants. Significance to study these temperature sensitive mutants was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1449K) -
HIROKO MORISHIMA, HIKO-ICHI OKA1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 371-385
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first-generation plants raised from population seed samples belonging to Oryza perennis, O. sativa, O. breviligulata and O. glaberrima, each collected from its natural habitat or a farmer's field, were observed for various metric characters, and their intra-populational genetic variability was estimated for each character and also in terms of generalized variance. In O. perennis, perennial and allogamous forms generally contained in their populations more genetic variation than the annual and autogamous forms, while the latter tended to be more diversified from one another. The level of heterozygosity was estimated from the ratio of within-line to between-line component of genetic variance. Perennial and allogamous forms were more heterozygous than annual and autogamous ones. Diallel analysis of a perennis population showed appreciably large mean squares due to dominance for certain characters. Further, intra-populational variability in spikelet size was observed using the original seeds collected from various sites. Though cultivated forms (sativa and glaberrima) were largely homozygous, their populations in primitive agricultural conditions contained as much genetic variations as wild forms. This was considered to be due to introgression and disruptive selection in the environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1570K) -
IZUO TOBARI, MOTOI MURATA1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 387-397
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe random load, A, and the inbreeding load, B, proposed by Morton et al. (1956), in four experimental populations, which were derived from a successively irradiated population of D. melanogaster with a dose of 5, 000r of X-rays, were examined. The experimental populations A, B, C, and D had been subjected to the accumulative radiation exposures of 10, 000, 25, 000, 50, 000, and 75, 000r, respectively.
With the cessation of the irradiation, both the A and B values decreased exponentially in successive generation. Furthermore, the random load appeared to reach the original level more rapidly than the inbreeding load. That is, the random load appeared to arrive close to the original level within 11 to 16 generations after the cessation of the irradiation, while it took longer time for the inbreeding load to drop to the original level. Especially, the amount of the inbreeding load in Population D was still significantly greater than that in the control population.
The analysis of the data indicated that most of the radiation-induced mutant genes, which had dominant or semidominant effect reducing the Darwinian fitness, were relatively rapidly elimianted from the populations in the early generations after the cessation of the irradiation, and after that the slightly detrimental mutants were left in the populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1009K) -
ICHIZO NISHIYAMA1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 399-409
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve species of Avena, including 15 varieties, were used for the observation of the time when flowers begin to bloom every day. The observed plants were grown in pots under natural conditions, and the blooming time was observed every 30 minutes from April 19 to June 1, 1969.
Based on the mean time of blooming they were divided into four groups, afternoon-blooming type (4:00-4:30 p.m.), evening-blooming type (7-9 p.m.), night-blooming type (about 10 p.m.) and morning-blooming type (about 4 a.m. of the next day). A. pilosa, A. clauda, A. ventricosa, A. magna and hexaploid species belong to the afternoon type, diploid species with AA genomes to the evening type. A. barbata and A. longiglumis represent night and morning types, respectively.
Temperature, rainfall and sunshine are evidently associated with flowering. Temperature, however, seems to exert the most important meteorological influence. Avena flowers usually begin to open during a continuous fall of temperature from the highest point on each day, and only A. longiglumis blooms at nearly the lowest temperature next morning. Temperature fall ranging from 0.5° to 1.5° or 2.0°C per hour seems to be very favorable for initiating the opening of flowers, but on the contrary such steep fall, especially successive falls, as of 2-4°C per hour checked the blooming or sometimes postponed it in the evening and night types until next morning.
The time and manner of blooming in Avena, Triticum and Haynaldia were discussed and a preliminary mechanism of blooming was proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1107K) -
DAIGORO MORIWAKI, YOSHIKO N. TOBARI, YUZURU OGUMA1970 Volume 45 Issue 5 Pages 411-420
Published: 1970
Released on J-STAGE: May 21, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCrossovers in males of D. ananassae resulted in considerable variation among strains and among families. When inbred lines were used, however, the variation for families was decreased and recombination frequencies were random with respect to families. These results indicated that male crossing-over is probably controlled by polygenic systems and the chromosomes are genetically divergent.
Genetic factors which controlled male crossing-over acted on both second and third chromosomes in the present case, although there were some differences in degrees of crossing-over between them. No effects of these factors on female crossing-over were found.
Differences in frequencies of crossovers were observed between reciprocal heterozygous males, which suggested some effect of the Y chromosome on male crossing-over.
Meiotic origin of male crossing-over was suggested by the following evidence: the complementary crossover classes were balanced, the distribution of crossovers was random with respect to families, and map distances and the recombination values in males was correlated.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K)
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