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Volume 15 (1963)
- Issue 6 Pages 553-
- Issue 5 Pages 441-
- Issue 4 Pages 337-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 15, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Chiefly about the Rights and Ranking of the VillagersYoshitaka HORIUCHI1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 337-351
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe followings are the characteristics of the irrigation along the Tojo River in Osaka Prefecture in Japan.
1. The streams and brooks from the hills and mountains near-by supply us with such plentiful water that the irrigation system in this locality has developed remarkably, making many dams here and there and long waterways down to the lower part of the river. The waterways are usefully called “iji”, but their lowest part is forced to use underground water, to make up for the shortage of water-supply by the river.
2. As to the irrigation system, old traditional customs have been prevailing among the villages concerned-among those are the contracts of hour-restricted water-supply and getting water from others without any charge. The latter is not so difficult to some villages, for they have only to ask for water-supply; it need much labour and is rather expensive, because so many guards have to be requested to keep the water not to be stolen or missed to other fields. Other villages in the lower part, however, are not so easy to get water most of them have only few rights for that.
3. With regard to the water utilization and irrigation, there are many classes and ranks among the villages according to the old customs and traditions of each locality, and consequently they own different rights and duties, different gains and losses, different fees and pays-namely, we find there many different rankings, even along the same river.View full abstractDownload PDF (1546K) -
Hideo SAKAMOTO1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 351-375
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough Japan's area hardly exceeds that of the State of California, U.S.A., the vegetable cultivation for metropolitan areas is flourishing exceedingly more in suburban districts than in tracts remote from market. After the War the truck farming has increased, but it does not surpass the market gardening as yet.
The author studied the vegetable transportation problem of linear programming from the supply-demand relationships between producing districts and markets, and compared the program with the actual features. As a result the distance equilibrium based on transport expence found to be held, even on items which seem to be controlled by complicated local supply-demand relationship.
In Japan there are four regions of concentrated population, which form centres of the biggest consumption. They are Tokyo-Yokohama, Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto, Nagoya, and Kita Kyushu regions. The number of vegetable growing districts are so many and scattered throughout the country, that competition for market is serious between market gardening and truck farming districts, and even among truck farmers themselves. When the cost of transportation to different markets are about the same, or the producing districts situated too far away from the markets, the choice of market tends to be decided by other factors than freight rates. However, the choice of market in this sense is very much limited.
In Japan horticulture is practised in the tracts remote from the metropolitan areas. This is at least due to two fundamental reasons. One is to make use of peculiarly favoured natural conditions, the product made under different climates and soils from those at suburban districts, brings about farmers a great profit. The other is to make use of cheap cost of labour, by keeing farmers' own standard of living very low. There are many truck horticulture districts, in which natural conditions are no better than in suburban districts.View full abstractDownload PDF (2230K) -
Kentaro KOBAYASHI1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 376-400
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMost castles and mansions of the medieval age were gathering weight in manor system since the latter part of the ancient times, at the same time they were dwelling and control bases of the residential lord classes who had been spreading their feudal territories and besides they were also military bases in the time of war. In consequence, the author has in mind that their formation, distribution and existence type reflect the forming process of feudal system into the landscape of the regions.
First of all the paper treats of the forming process, distribution and existence types concerning 140 castles and 154 mansions distributing in and around the Fukui plain, and the territory formation under the Daimyo (a feudal lord) in warlike ages and the regional structure of the feudal territory are investigated in detail. Further, by restoring such medieval settlements as were the nucleus of the control over the feudal territory to the original state, the author is bringing light on the character, especially, the patterns of their plans,
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The original remains of the medieval castles and mansions are generally found out of the new opening-up of a land where are upland and swampy areas in and around the Fukui plain, or on the small river valleys among the mountains. Throughout the domestic conflict in the middle part of the fourteenth century, the number of castles and mansions grows rapidly.
2) In 103 years from 1471 to 1573 the Daimyo kept on controling the feudal territory. During the time, castles and mansions grew most actively in the number and they were scattered at intervals of about 3-5km in the plain. These castles and mansions include the administration bases for the territories of the residential lords.
3) In this medieval age, the fairs were held close by or near previous grand manor houses, in front of the big temples and shrines, and at the meeting places of the traffics. And so local center settlements formed of several tens of merchants' houses and the castle or mansion were distributed at intervals of about 10-12km.
4) The mountain castle of Ichijotani was built in warlike ages at the top of a mountain of 450m and dwelling houses of retainer, temples and shrines flocked to its foot. In and around the crowded parts at the foot of the castle, were there formed business quarters. There had been many-nucleuses on the structure, however, the administration and economic functions had been properly exercised.View full abstractDownload PDF (3395K) -
Yoshihiko Yabuuchi1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 401-417
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 418-425
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 425-430
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 430-435
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 435-438
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 438-439
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 439
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 439a
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1963 Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages 440
Published: August 28, 1963
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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