In making an industrial area program or a regional project, it goes without saying that to make a proper estimate of location conditions governing factory sites for each type of industry concerned is a prerequisite.
This study is based upon a questionaire sent in July 1965 to 2, 771 main manufacturing enterprises here in Japan, of which 1, 314 or 47.7% gave us effective answers.
Needless to say, location conditions are many and various, indeed so much so that we think it would be next to impossible to make a thorough investigation into the subject. It is for this reason that for purposes of our survey we assumed the following 13 items as the most important location conditions, viz.
(A) Road, (B) Railroad, (C) Port, (D) Proximity to Cities, (E) Industrial Water Supply, (F) Electric Power, (G) Drainage Availability, (H) Load Carrying Capacity or Stability of Land, (I) Price of Land, (J) Location of Resources, (K) Availability of Enterprises concerned, (L) Labour Force Supply, (M) Commutation Facilities and we asked the following questions:
(1) In selecting a new factory site, what is the minimum of your desideratum for each of the items given?
(2) In your opinion, what are the most important 5 conditions in the above case?
Of the two questions, the latter has often been asked, but the former never before. This makes our survey the first of its kind.
As, however, these questions are closely related with each other, we investigated in the light of the combination of the answers given. The results are shown on Table 3.
As it is difficult to summarize all the results of our survey, we give below a list of industries together with their respective necessary conditions in selecting a factory site:
(A) Road: Bakery and confectionery products, Office and store machines and device and sevice industry, Railroad equipment and parts
(B) Railroad: Grain-flour mills, Organic fertilizer and feeds
(C) Port: Petroleum refining, Blast furnaces-steel works and rolling mills
(D) Proximity to Cities: Commercial printing
(E) Industrial Water Supply: Synthetic fibers, Blast furnaces-steel works and rolling mills
(F) Electric Power: Electric furnaces for pig iron, Steel foundries
(G) Drainage Availability: Distilled, rectitied and blended liquors
(H) Load Carrying Capacity or Stability of Land: Blast furnaces-steel works and rolling mills, Primary iron and steel industries, not eleswhere classified.
(I) Price of Land: Superphosphate industry, Motor vehicles, Hard and bast tiber spinning mills, Industrial rubber belting, hose, and other products, Metal working machinery, Motor vehicle parts and accessories, etc.
(J) Location of Resources: Silk reeling plants, cement hydraulic, Fibre board
(K) Availability of Enterprises concerned: corrugated board
(L) Labour Force Supply: Knitting mills, Man's, Youths' and Boys' suits, coats and overcoats, Women's and Misses' outer wear, Paperboard containers and boxes, Pottery and related products, Tile and mosaic, Sewing machines, Textile machinery, Still photographic equipment, and accessories Fabricated plastics products, etc.
(M) Commutation Facilities: Commercial printing
To conclude: as a result of our research we have established a general standard of location conditions, which we think would be found useful if applied at the initial stage of planning. Needless to add, one should pay attention to other conditions, if any.

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In the Mori clan domain (present Yamaguchi Prefecture), village system was peculiary complicated in the Edo period (ca. 17th cent. to early 19th cent.). Broadly, there were two types of villages, large villages of about two or three hundred houses and small ones of about thirty houses. The former was an administrative unit of the clan government, while the latter was a basic unit for everyday life of a community.
The parallel existence of these two types of villages in the Mori clan domain can be explained from the following two facts:
(1) “Hamlet” used to be the fundamental form of rural settlement,
(2) “Fief system”* was not extinct in some parts of the domain.
*Fief system is one of typical feudalism where by the lord upper-class vassals are invested with rights to sway the land inhabited from their ancestors.
In the Mori clan domain, the fief held by vassals even in the early nineteenth century accounted for thirty percent of the whole domain, intermingled with the land controlled directly by lord, which, I believe, is another cause that made the village system in the Mori clan government all the more complicated.
Compared with villages ruled by other clans, omura of the Mori (i.e. a large village as an administrative unit) was quite large both in land and population, so that it was divided into some smaller components, that is, go or bun. Go and bun, however, were of different origins: go was a substantial region of old which had developed with a shrine as its core, whereas bun was a formal region arbitrarily contrived by the lord in the Edo period so as to meet the complicated state of the village system.
Both of them, although their original characters were different, were divided into still smaller components, that is, komura or kumi. As previously stated, komura or a smaller village had an important function as a community based upon villagers' everyday life. On the other hand, kumi was an administrative group of houses divised by the authority for the better control of peasant.
As a good exemplary village that will show clearly complicated village system in the Mori clan domain, I picked up Shuho-cho and its vicinity, and tried to illustrate some features peculiar to the Mori clan village system.

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