Japanese Journal of Human Geography

A Scheme on the Function of Social Environment (Milieu social) in a Study of Regional Structures of the Social and Human Phenomena

Toru Ogawa

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 83-93,155
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.83

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Since the end of 19th century, the concept of the Milieu social (Social environment) has decome gradually familiar to the specialists of social and human sciences, whereas some geographers were still neglectfull of its importance.
This tendency has produced some unbalanced view, not neccessarily because natural environment has been declared to be of paramount importance, but simply because other factors have remained unknown or but vaguely apprehended.
The object of a geography sui generis of social and human phenomena (a human geography, if so be that, I believe) should be logically a study of the regional structres of the latter.
So, the regional structures of social and human phenomena must be studied in the first place as a consequence of human life and of historical developememt, in short, as a consequence of the human activity.
And, again, the human activity is the function of his social environment; natural environment does not enter as determinants, but as one category of the raw materials of social and human activities.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1137K)
Individuality of Economic Area and Its Structural Condition

Masataka Yamana

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 94-103,155
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.94

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

Economic geography has a duty to study the individuality of the economic area. To execute this duty, I think, it is effective to stand on the position of structural economic geography to understand the individuality of economic area as the economic structure. And we must keep our endeavour to analyse the economic structural restrictiction at a respectful distance.
I considered the economic restrictiction of the economic condition by study on the individuality of the Chinese economy. As for the “economic” restriction of “policy”, it is composed of the two economic restriction of policy and political disaffection of economy. This fundamental relation is the basement of economic plan of new China, and is the essential condition to determine the structural characteristics of democratic economy. Ignoring this relation we shall not be able to understand the peculiarity and the present condition of the Chinese economy.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1272K)
Birth of the Burning Cultivator in Korea

Yoichi Koike

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 103-114,156
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.103

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

The increasing ratio of the burning cultivator in the beginning of Syowa era when we are convinced in the sure statistics, shows 16%. It is high above the increasing ratio of the population in Korea, 6%. That shows the increase by the immigrants.
Why have these burning cultivator, in such an age being modernized as present, appeared, breaking the strict prohibition in the mountain regions of northern Korea where natural circumstances are quite severe?
As the trial of the explanation for it, I pursuited the relation between the population and the land. With the governess of colony by Japan which is firstly directed with the increasing rice-plan, the disorganization of Korean village has rapidly been promoted. For example, in the Chunando in 1930, the tenant-houses against the whole farmers has reached 89%, and the tenant-land against the whole cultivated land shows 69%, in adition the goods farm rate which equals to 50% of the whole products has also promoted the trival devision of land and poverty. The rapid increase of the burning cultivator shows the result that the part of farmers who left their farmer, above mentioned, lived in the mountain regions so as not to be deprived of their products from the whole areas of Korea.
The general principle does not true of Korea that the population move from the region of the lower living standard to that of the higher, and the remove opposite to the above is done only as a ruler. The living standard of the burning cultivators is lower than that of the plain-farmers. Only freedom permitted there it not to be deprived of their products.

View full abstract

Download PDF (1319K)
Land Cultivation in Hiroshima Prefecture

Kasuke Nishimura

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 115-122,157
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.115

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

I studied the outline of the land cultivation in Hiroshima Prefecture afte Edo era by the several maps. The first map: Formation of the new settlement. The second map: Increase of the cultivated land from 1619 to 1820. The third map: Increase of the cultivated land from 1820 to 1921. The forth map: Increase of the cultivated land from 1921 to 1947. The fifth map: Increase of population from 1711 to 1816 (eastern part of Hiroshima Prefecture). The sixth map: Increase of population from 1816 (or 1820) to 1888. The seventh map: Increase of population from 1888 to 1920.
By these maps I could have got the following conclusion.
1. The new settlements developed after Edo era are distributed in the seashore and islands districts.
2. The cultivated lands increased on the seashore district in Edo era and in the islands district in Meiji era.
3. Before population had increased running with increase of cultivated lands, but recently its increase has been caused by the development of commerce and industry, and the development of cities. That is, development of economic system in Japan has caused the population movement. However, after the War-termination especially, population increase is found in those areas where the cultivated land has increased.

View full abstract

Download PDF (758K)
The Boundary of the Lake in Japan

Masami Hayashi

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 123-129,157
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.123

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Show abstractHide abstract

1. There are two types of the boundary of the lake; that is one is what divides the lake into several parts, the other is what is monopolized by only one village or town. As the latter instance, I take the lake of Koyama in the suburbs of Tottori.
2. The Lake of Koyama, at present, belongs to Koyama village, and other villages around it are out of its boundary. Each of them has only one island in the lake. We can not undestand the origin of the fact certainly, now. But according to the tradition, it is owing to the fact that the village of the lake which was given by their lord about 400 years ago.
3. In the 22nd year of Meiji, our system of town and village was put in practice, and then the present boundary was fixed according to the custom. Thus Koyama village monopolized the whole lake, in spite of the fact that the privilege was limited to the one part of the lake surface.
4. There are many tendencies for the solution of these irrational conditions according to the times. That is, the first; the fishing union of Lake Koyama was established two years ago, and consequently all the fishermen around the lake have come to be given the same rights as the men in Koyama. The second; the development of the district around the lake has been planned. Thus the reclamation of the lake which has been checked by the village boundary of Koyama will be easily realised. The third; the annexation of villages around the lake will be necessarily promotted. Thus the new and democratic society will be nearly realised around the lake of Koyama, due to the mediation of the lake.

View full abstract

Download PDF (788K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 130-131
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.130

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (210K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 132-134
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.132

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (306K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 134-136
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.134

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (305K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 136-139
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.136

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (385K)
[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 139-141
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.139

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (291K)
Erratum to : The Lacquer-Ware Industry of Echizen

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 141
Published: 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.2_141

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (96K)
The Commercial Agriculture in Meiji Era

Mutsuo Nishimura

1953 Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 142-148
Published: June 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.5.142

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

Download PDF (735K)

Register with J-STAGE for free!