Japanese Journal of Human Geography
Online ISSN : 1883-4086
Print ISSN : 0018-7216
ISSN-L : 0018-7216
Volume 21, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Mutsuo NISHIMURA
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 229-248
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this paper is to discover the law concerning the construction of service areas of central-places.
    1. How to determine the centrality-index
    The centrality-index is determined by following ways. In Fig. 1, A in the vertical is total central functions, B is functions of basic activities, and F in the horizontal is functional units. Fix M, the intersection A and F, and combine A and M. The gradient AM shows the strength of the central-place. If central functions of basic activities of other central-place are smaller than B, as shown in B', the gradient changes AM to AM'. Or if functional units are smaller than F, as shown in F', the gradient changes AM to AM". Now the gradient is determined in the formula
    B=A-nF where n is the number of the gradient.
    If the number of n grows larger, the gradient makes steeper slopes, and means the strength of the central-place is weak. If the number of n grows smaller, the gradient makes more gentle slopes, and means the strength of the central-place is strong. However, the number of n is not always suitable to express the strength of the central-place. It is more suitable to express the strength of the central-place when the converse number of n (1/n) is caluculated, as the strength of the central-place is proportional to the converse number of n.
    2. How to construct the area of the central-place
    Consider there are two central-places P and Q, and the centrality-index of P is nine times larger than that of Q. Then the service area of P should be nine times larger than that of Q; that is, πγ2:πγ'2=3:1. This results in γ;γ'=3:1, and means that the ratio is equal to the ratio of the roots of the centrality-indexes concerning P and Q (√9:√1). Now, from this radius ratio, we are able to make the equilibrium circle with the diameter XY (Fig. 4). The inner sphere of the circle is the service area of Q, and the outer sphere of the circle is the service area of P. However, there are small central-places along the line of PQ, and each of them has the centrality-index. The strength of P and Q decrease whenever they met such central-places on the line PQ (Fig. 5). Then, the equilibrium point between P and Q must be determined where the cumulative indexes (roots of indexes) of small central-places from P is equal to that of Q (Fig. 3). If the ratio of cumulative indexes P:Q is larger than 3:1 at a central-place, she belongs to the area of Q. On the contrary, if the ratio is smaller than 3:1 at a central-place, she belongs to the area of P. And as a matter of course, the cumulative indexes must be caluculated on the actual traffic way.
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  • Masayuki HATTORI
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 249-272
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Primarily Ryosei-gun _??__??__??_ had been established in the 7th century as a political administration unit in the Ritsuryo _??__??_ State or the Codes of Law and Ethics State of Ancient Japan. According to historical materials it is verified that about in the 10th century there had been brought on considerable change to this system. Having examinated its disintegrating transition on focus of the shiftinglocal aspects, the author tries to clarify the general rules of the features of the political administrative district as a historical region.
    The conclusion is following:
    1) Ryosei-Gun _??__??__??_ were often divided into two new smaller Gun _??_ in the 8th or 9th century. These newly born Gun consisted of the subordinate unit such as Go _??_.
    2) In the 10th and 11th century, Ryosei-Gun _??__??__??_ were partitioned into several Gun _??_, Gô _??_, Jô _??_, In _??_, Agata _??_and so on. All of these local units similar to the Gun _??_unit were directly controlled by the Country Government (Kokuga _??__??_)and its subordinate unit, Go _??_itself also had been turned into small villages such as Go _??_, Mura _??_, Betsumyô _??__??_, Beppu _??__??_, Myô _??_ etc.
    3) Thus it is explicable that, Ryosei-Gun _??__??__??_, separated from their administrative function, became only a local unit.
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  • Kazuhiko YAMORI
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 273-296
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Morimitsu MIZUTANI
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 297-310
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kiyoshi SASAKI, Yukio SAITO
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 311-324
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • 1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 325-334
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 334-336
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1969 Volume 21 Issue 3 Pages 336-338
    Published: June 28, 1969
    Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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