In this treatise, the author tried to investigate regional structure of British agriculture from the view point of farming system in an attempt to clarify intraregional differential of agricultural land use on the county level, on which we have not any report as before. The author concluded results of investigation as follows.
1) The geographical distribution of Alternate Husbandry and Multifield system. In applying Fallow Index and Temporary Grass Altenation ratio, farming regions can be devided into three categorical types, namely, from eastern parts of Great Britain to westward, agricultural regions specializing in grain cultivation followed by grass growing region, between these regions, mixed farming region can be observed. As a whole, there ranged from east coast side of the British Isles to the westward Multifield system, mixed farming system, followed by Alternate Husbandary.
2) In contrast with main crop group. We can devide main crop into intentive cormophyte item (Boden bereichernde Pflanzen), extensive one (Boden schonende Pflanzen), and grain crop (Boden angreifende Pflanzen). Areal differentiatiation of those subdevided group, as a whole, corresponds to geographical destribution of Alternate Husbandry region and Multi field system region.
3) Judging from combination Specialization Index with Land Productivity Index of main crops, We get characteristic distribution of agricultural regions, namely, a) grain crop region, in which high Land Productivity Index with top ranked Specialization Index are recognized in eastern parts of Isles, b) Grass and Hoed crops are highly cultivated to the north and north-west ward, productivity is ranked in high order relatively, Wales marks in both Index in the lowest.
Causes of distinguished geographical pattern above mentioned can be attributed mainly to natural environment, especially climatological difference and factor of levelling balance of demand and supply in labor expenditure.
4) In turn, when observed from Land Utilization Types in compared with regional variations of Comprehensive Land Productivity, highly intensive farming regions are composed of 4 central poles: 1) Fenland region, 2) Region of Home country aggromerated in Greater London, 3) Lancashire region, 4) Birmingham region, which are exclusively specialized in intensive Cormophyte items with high Comprehensive Productivity. from these 4 central poles to north and westward, we can easily observe agricultural land use patterns which put the accent on extensive cormophyte items with low Comprehensive Productivity. British Agriculture have been tried to adjust herself to elastic farming system, vz, Ley Farming as a sort of alternate husbandary in past 100 years in trying to absorb the direct shock caused by economic fluctuation, maintaining fertility of agricultural land as well. In those context, main theme of this paper is, in advance historical investigation, to make clear regional structure of British Agriculture in the light of Ley Farming system.

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By analyzing how central places and rural regions were related through the medium of production and circulation of commodities in the Edo Period and what influences they had on each other, this article aims to examine the structure of the urban-rural regions of the Tonami District in Kaga-hanryo, the territory which the Maeda clan ruled.
To begin with, the author analyzes the regional systems of production and circulation of commodities. In the first-half of the Edo period, machi, authorized cities, with their previleges, took the initiative in the circulation of commodities, whereas other local nuclei had much less centrality. Consequently, tightly integrated regional urban-rural systems were not developed; the systems were quite simple. But, more complicated systems developed in the second-half of the Edo period, when the production and circulation of commodities developed in the rural regions. And some zaimachi unauthorized cities, came to develop based on the regions producing commodities in the rural area and trading with the merchants from other han. At that time, there were a remarkable difference among the central places and the hierarchical divisions of labor. In the rural region, on the other hand, common rural communities remained engaged in primary production process or supplying raw materials to the central places, while some rural communities with access to the central places were engaged in a higher level production process. It has been observed that changes which took place in rural regions had certain regularity. That is, the changes were related to the differences in situational and physical characteristics of the regions. Considering these points, the author has made an effort to examine concretely the structure of urban-rural regions on the basis of the areas receiving annual tributes from rural communities and the areas from which merchants and craftsmen in the central places came. In the first-half of the Edo period, each central place organized urban-rural areas that directely reflected the local characters of its rural hinterland, but this hardly constituted a nodal region. In the latter-half of the Edo period, however, a highly developed nodal region came to exist in the northern part of the Tonami District. That is, the service centers were organized in several classes, hierarchically related. Overlapping of some service areas is also observed. But in the southern region, where the production and circulation of commodities developed later than the one in the north, the structure of urban-rural regions remained more immature; large or small urban-rural areas lay side by side with little functional integration.

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