I researched some agricultural types about the periphery districts of Ube and Onoda, industrial cities in Yamaguchi Prefecture. In this research I arranged the statistical area units on the basis of communities (“buraku”). But the survey of communities is difficult because of the luck of statistical data, so I used the data of taxation office. “Farm reliance rate”, which is indicated as agricultural income/gross income×100, is one of the indicator of this area divisions, for in Japan many farmers hold side income other than agricultural managements are much influenced by this side jobs. According to the farm reliance rate, I grouped communities as follows: (A) under 49%, (B) 50-60%, (C) 65-70%, (D) over 75% (p. 9 Fig. 4). Further, these four groups are subdivisioned, viz.
Rate of allowance income farmers Rate of forest income farmers
a over 50%
b 30-49% under 19%
c under 29% under 19%
d under 29% 20-49%
e over 50%
We can observe some facts among these groups. (1) Between farm reliance rate and farm unit, we can see the plus interrelation, viz. farm unit of group A is small and that of group D is large (p. Fig.). (2) Between farm unit and its standard deviation rate (V), we can see minus interrelation, viz. community which consists of small farm unit has high rate of V, and the one which consists of large farm unit has low rate of V. But group A and B are obscured these relation (p. Fig.). (3) From the view-point of agricultural management, group B and C are most intensive, and from the view-point of farmer's gross income, group A and B are most profitable. (p. Fig.)

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It is understandable in the name of common sense that marine farming which is the enterprise of latter-day character inevitably exerts some influence upon long established fishing industries. The main theme of this paper is to analyes the relationship between pearl culture and other kinds of industry in the seaside villages of Ago Bay, located in the southern part of the Shima Peninsula.
It is needless to say that area in question is blessed with various conditions such as configuration of the ground, the depth of water, the temperature of water, and salinity, which are considered before everything else as the prime condition for location of the unique industry, pearl culture. Upon analysing the area minutely, it can be proved that there is hardly any difference in these natural conditions over the whole surface of the Bay; especially since people have come to use different fishing-grounds in the winter and summer seasons, any regional difference in natural conditions at the Bay is no longer recognized.
Notwithstanding, there must be some facter other than natural conditions working upon the fact there is a considerable difference in the growth of marine farming between the villages situated at the inner part of the Bay such as Shimmei, Takegami and Ugata and those in the southern part such as Fuseda, Katada and Funakoshi; and that center of pelagic fishery (bonito fishery) like Hamashima and Wagu have their own peculiar characteristics in the form of marine raising.
Investigation was made about this point from, on the one hand, a graph of the rate of increase and decrease in the population, by towns and villages, of farmers and those engaged in marine product industries; and on the other hand from a graph of the working people engaged in pearl culture by month, and by towns and villages. The following is the conclusion. In the towns and villages situated in agricultural areas, there is a great supply of potential labour, and consequently it is convenient and easy for people there to start a pearl culture industry; while in long established all-fishing settlements, labour efficiency and supply being fixed, there has very little success in forming any new industry, though there is a partial change of working power from coastal fishery to pearl culture.
A region which has good communication and transportation facilities to a source of labour supply can, because of these facilities, connect closely with a peral market. Therefore, a logical conclusion would be that the area for a new enterprise largely depends upon the condition of its transportation facilities.

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In Wakayama Prefecture, there is a difference in the altitude reached by settlements situated in the two mountainous areas bounded by the Arita River. In the southern part, all of the impotant settlements are situated along the bottoms of main valleys, higher communities being located at the inner part of the valleys along the affluents of the River. Thus, the height of the settlements in this part of the Prefecture is limited to 40-50% of the altitude of the divide. In the northern part, on the other hand, we can see settlements established not only at the inner part of valleys but on considerably high mountainsides; and there are many important villages no longer situated at the bottoms of main valleys, but elevated to the high hillsides or the summits of high mountains. Consequently, it is not unusual to see settlements rising up to approximately 70-80% of the altitude of the divide.
The above-mentioned fact is primarily due to the difference in the configuration of the ground. While mountains are steep in the southern part, there remain at the eminences of the northern part, comparatively much gently-sloping ground of initial form before upheaval. Secondly, orange-growing concentrated in the northern part has played a great part in elevating the settlements up to higt mountainsides. Moreover, it is understandable that the unique city Koyasan of sightseeing and religion center, being situated at the altitude of 840m., has exerted not a small influence upon the rising of the settlements in the northern part of the Prefecture.

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