The explanation which the village itself moved is generally recognized about the movement of the villages in Kujukuri-Hama coastal region, Boso Peninsula. That is, in this region the villages consist of three types, the Furumura village which was situated on the hill, the Shinden village and the Naya village, and they are different from each other in the time of the establishment, so that the Furumura village was established in the middle ages, the Shinden village was established by the middle of the modern ages and the Naya village was established in the last time of the modern ages, one hundred and several decades ago. In the history of those establishments the villages have the relationship with each other, which the Furumura village cultivated the Shinden and there the Shinden Village was established afresh, and moreover both the Furumura village and the Shinden village moved to the Naya village.
In this paper, the new materials which were unable to be pointed out in the former explanation are reported, based on our investigation of the villages. It is as follows. In the history of the sardine fishery along. Kujukuri-Hama coast since the begining of the modern ages, 5 heavy catch periods of the sardine fishery and 5 poor catch periods of it between the heavy catch periods are found. Through its history the Naya village was formed at the 2nd heavy catch period of the sardine fishery, 300 years ago and thereafter it was forced to move to the place nearer the coast by the Shinden village at the following 2nd poor catch time and at the same time the Shinden village developed at the former trace of the moved Naya village. Such movement of the Naya village may be explained by such way that the Naya village itself moved from the former site to the later site. On the other hand, the Naya village greatly developed at the 3rd and 4th heavy catch periods of the sardine fishery and has got the present form. This development of the Naya village is owing to the movement of the villagers from the Furumura village and the Shinden village at the latter period of the modern ages. This development of the Naya village is mostly unable to be explained by the movement of the village itself, but by the movement of the villagers which means not only the movement of the number of the villagers but the movement of the social combination of the village community. Thus, the villages along Kujukuri-Hama coast have got the present form, repeating the changes that they changed into the fishery village at the heavy catch period of the sardine fishery and changed into the farm village at the poor catoh period.

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The author investigated the seasons for charcoal making and its main factor in the Izu Islands, and has obtained the following results:
1) The charcoal makig in the Izu Islands reaches more than 50 per cent of the annual output between December and March, and the method of production is a typical one employed in a winter season. The same kind of method is found in the mainland of Japan on the slopes of mountainous districts facing the Pacific Ocean.
2) The reason why the production of charcoal became an important industry in winter is due to the fact that the farmers have more leisure in winter in the area where the mountain slopes face the Pacific Ocean. But in the case of the Izu Islands the reasons are different in each island.
a) In Izu-Oshima island, a great deal of charcoal is made in winter (from November to March) because during this season a number of settlers come from Yamagata Prefecture to do the job of charcoal making. This practice is very rare in other parts of Japan. b) In Miyake island and Hachijo island, charcoal making is done by using the leisure hours of both farmers and fishermen. Particularly it is done in the interval (from November to February) between the gathering of agar-agar, in summer and the fishing of flying-fish in spring.
c) It is an exceptional case with regard to Aoga-shima island. Since this island suffers much from inconvenient maritime transportation, especially in winter, the suspension of steamship service is very common, and the charcoal making is done only in summer and in autumn when there is any possibility of shipment.

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The area of mulberry-fields in Japan was broadest in 1930, but now in 1957 it is 27% of the area which was used as mulberry-fields in 1930. Now, the decline is not always the same in the whole country. On the degree and speed of the decay we can see a remarkable difference between various parts of the country. Such a decline is due generally to the strong influence of the local conditions in addition to the lowering of the demand and expart which are caused by the invention of synthetic fiber and its diffusion.
The leading object of this research is to study the local grounds which have influence on the reduction of mulberry-fields and I have surveyed the transition of the area of mulberry-fields in the Yura valley. (At present the area of mulberry-fields in the Yura valley is 17% of that in 1930)
Now, the substances of this studies are as follows.
(1) The regional variation of the decline in this valley is remarkable. Generally the decline of the fields is seen clearly on the upper Yura. They remain much on the middle valley and the lower valley and especially at lowlands in Hukuchiyama and Oe district.
These districts are flood plains and most of them are utilized as mulberry-fields. They can keep the damage of farm products at a minimum by the cultivation of mulberry-trees. In the district where they have no flood disaster they scarcely cultivate mulberry-trees. (2) As regards the change of the distribution of mulberry-fields, we see a tendency that the center of distribution moves from highlands to lowlands. Formerly there were plenty of mulberry-fields in highlands, but now its decrease is more intense than lowlands and nowadays the situation is reversed. (3) Lately the increase of side-work farming in various parts of this valley leads to the insufficiency of labor force and the development of careless management, and then urge mulberry-fields decay. On the middle and lower part of this valley the prosperity of the industrial cities, Maizuru, Ayabe and Fukuchiyama, the development side-work farming in the neighborhood. Above all an important effect of Maizuru should be given attention. (4) Generally in the region of small-scale farming mulberry-fields decay is rapid and violent. It is because on the small-scale farming people have not enough land to cultivate mulberry-trees under the necessity of the self-sufficiency of food and it is hard to raise the silkworm owing to the increase of subsidiary business, outflow of surplus labor force.
Besides the rate of arable area is an element which decides the distribution of mulberry-fields and the rate of the area left as mulberry-fields. The greater the rate of arable area become, the more mulberry-fields increase.

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The structure of central places can not take the normal form in the low regional demand area. The author picks up the sample area which has low population density (71 persons/sq. km) and low standard of living in central Shimane Prefecture, 4∼5 hours distant by bus from Hiroshima, one of the regional centres. The results of his study are as follows:
(1) In that area the structure of central places is organized by the relatively large tributary area of Kawamoto, the first large town in the area, and very small ones of small centres (C. III order centres except Kawamoto) surrounding Kawamoto-area. And the location of the very small centres relates to traffic distance from the larger centres, whereas service establishments of central places are very differenciated in case of the regional demand. (2) Most of central places, especially in the area which is difficult of communication, have grown under the conditions of the development of standard of living by present day from prewar. When the traffic condition becomes still better in future, the influence of the larger centres will be stronger. (3) It is the best that the administrative areas agree with the tributary ones of central places. In this area, however, they do not so, but they have expanded only by their population scale in the formation of the new demarcations. Therefore the community interest can not be formed in the new administrative areas.

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