Today, there are many Gobakas (_??__??_)-- burial ground built up by some villages --in the middle of the Kinki district. Some of them are chiefly seen in the Nara basin. I call the territorial circles of the Gobakas the Hakogogroups. I'm going to make clear their historical foundation and meaning.
In the Nara basin, the Gobakas are distributed from the western side of the Yamato plateau to the northern side of the Ryumon mountains, and the eastern side of the Kongo mountains. And some of them are occasionally distributed in the center of the basin in addition to these territories.
The territories where the Gobaka distributes happens to be accord with the territories of the Jodo sect, and that is distributed in the territory of the Yuzunenbutsu sect, too. The Gobaka is hardly distributed in the teritory of the Jodoshinshu sect. There are burial ground at every village in this territory. The distribution of the Gobaka is closely related to the Buddism sects. The Buddism sects of the Hakadera itself--the temple managing the graveyard--is mostly the Jodo sect. But there are many opinions about the relation of the Hakadera and the Jodo sect.
The Gobakas mostly stand on the foot of the mountains and the hills. In the center of the basin, the old mounds are often made use as the Gobaka. I suppose that the place of the Gobaka is the graveyard where many people had buried before the circles of the Hakago-groups were formed.
Most of the Hakago-groups can not be identified with the Suigo-groups (villages combined by irrigating water), the Sango-groups (villages combined by wood), and the Miyago-groups (villages combined by a shrine). I thought that the territorial circles of the Hakago-groups were the traces of baron's sphere of influence which held their respectve stronghold in the latter half of the Middle Ages in the Nara basin. These barons were called Shuto (_??__??_) and Kokumin (_??__??_) in manors of Kofukuji.
Since the Edo Era, the territorial circles of the Hakago-groups have not been changed. Therefore, it is certain that they were formed from the 15th century to the 16th century, at least to Bunroku (_??__??_).

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The aim of this paper is to study the spatial features of the central functions in Tokai area mainly in terms of the correlation between functional location and central places. The following are the results.
(1) There exist positive interrelations among the population, the number of establishments and that of central functions, especially between the latter two. While, as the factors of deviation, we must take into account such circumstances as the distance between a metropolice and central places in question and/or the existence of industrial functions.
(2) The loglinear diagram representing the relation between the number of units and that of central functions shows some discontinuous parts which suggest the level-divided distribution of central places. With level division on the basis of the index of nodality, it is proved that the rising of the level lessens the ratio of the increase of central units to that of central functions.
(3) The location of central functions has no perfect correlation with the level of central places as the theory predicts. A minor change of the classificatory criterion enables us, however, to divide central functions into several types: two types of inner (non-basic) functions-located in more than 70 percent of the central places under investigation-, six types of outer (basic) functions and one type of special functions. The hierarchical classification of central places based on the manner of retention of the classified functions, on the other hand, has made available a central place system composed of six orders, in which are included 1, 3, 8, 46, 111 and 90 central places respectively.
(4) The investigation of the shift of theoretical population corresponding to each functional level-the product of population per one establishment and the number of establishments situated in the city concerned-has revealed the correlation among theoretical population, city population, and metropolitan population: the city population approximates most closely to the theoretical population of inner functions, and the metropolitan population to the theoretical population of functions of types E and F. Incidentally, it is proposed that the centrality index of a central function be obtained by subtracting city population from theoretical population.

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