Japanese Journal of Human Geography

On the Objects of Study of Divisions of Geography divided by their Purposes of Study

Yoshiro Tomita

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 1-9,105
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_1

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The tendency to put the stress, as the purpose of geographical research upon the explanations of human phenomena has become remarkable of late years. Even though the scholars treat these phenomena without losing sight of the mutual relation between earth and man, the tendency is not desirable because we may say that geography has thus gone astray among the domains proper to other human sciences.
Where, then, should we find. out object or purpose of geographical studies? Our object is area, that is, to make clear the characteristics of areas.
Then our customary division of geography into three-physical geography, human geography and regional geograohy is not fit to our purpose. In order to make the division fit to the object or purpose of our study, we must divide geography into two-physical geography to study natural areas and human geograpby to study cultural areas.

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Population Density of Islands in Monsoon Region of Eastern Asia

Atshiko Bekki

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 10-21
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_10

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A Study of the Routes of Coal Transportation

Shigeo Kasuga

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 21-36,105
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_21

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This article treats the relation between objects transportated and the routes by which they are transported. As an example we have taken coal and the railroads in Kyushu, and have considered the case on both sides-the places of despatch and the places of destination. If we consider the case from the places of despatch, we can see two types of transportation of kyushu coal, each characterizing itself according to the geographical situations of the coalfields and to the places of demand. If we consider the matter from the viewpoint of the places where coal is demanded and compare the state of coal transpartation in 1926 with that in 1948, we can see, among near-by routes of transportation, the changes of devides and the phenomena of piracy of “transportation streem, ” similar to the changes of rivers and streams, which results from the appearance of new routes and of new coal-fields.
This is because transportation is subject to the law of “the nearest distance transportation”. Thus the customers of every coal-field change from time, to time, for the development of railroads changes the relation between the places of supply and demand, diminishes the distance of transportation of goods, and brings about the alternation of mutual dependence among districts as well as the chan-ge and mixture of the ranges of commerce.

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Geographical Aspects of Germans Land of old Times

Ichiro Suizu

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 37-47,106
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_37

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Various tribes of old Germans crowded together in small villages dotted here and there in open spaces surrounded by woods consisting mainly of oak-trees. Caesar's Bello Gallico suggests us that the average population of each civitas belonging to Suebi League was between 15, 000 and 20, 000. According to Delbrück's calculation the density of population of old Germans was from 4 to 5 per square kilometre, and the average population of each tribe was 25, 000. A small number of natural villages, their smallest units of society, formed a “Hunderschaft” dnd several. Hunderschaft formed a Gau, a unit of local society. This Gau later developed into Grafschaft in Germany and had its law court. Hunderschaft developed into English hundred, subdivision of a county or a shire.
Civitas in the South-west of Germany were small and many of them were crowded while in the Northeast Civitas had wide areas. In the South-west civitas consisted of settled people mainly occupying themselves in agriculture and cattle-raising, and developed into agricultural manors of the Middle Ages. The process by which these civitas solved aud formed into Stammstaaten is evident by Ptolemy, Peutingerische Tafel and so on.

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Theories on what constite Territory

Three Theories of Environment

Kikuchi Toshio

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 47-58,107
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_47

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The relation between environment and social groups of men is the main theme of human geography, and there are three theories of environment;
(1) The theory of decisive environment workcd by Ratzel (2) The theory of relative environment worked by Blache and (3) The theory of sudjective (constituent) environment. The first presupposes the theory of Darwin and Lamark, and stands upon the mechanical view of nature. The second presupposes the theory of pre-adaption. The last reo gnizes the power of creating environment which the central being of the environment possesses, and also recognizes the history of natural environment, which is the part of central being and is quite different from social group but has a kindred relation to it.
We propose that this thing which unites social group and natural environment together and forms the territory should be our idea of social group used in human geography.
If we call the customary geography based on the theory of relative environment human geography, we might call the one thus based on the theory of constituent environment social geography.

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Japanese Hand-made Banboo in Ayabe

S. Okamura

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 59-64
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_59

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Irrigation in the Okayama Plain

Boundary Problem of the Hide and Etchu

R. Kasaishi

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 65-73
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_65

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Boundary Problem of the Hida and Etchu District

M. Hayashi

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 74-81
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_74

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“Acclimatization in the Andes” written by Carlos Monge

S. Wada

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 82-85
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_82

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LUMBER PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES 1799-1946

F. Kameda

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 86-90
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_86

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 91-94
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_91

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 95-96
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_95

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[title in Japanese]

1951 Volume 3 Issue 2 Pages 96-102
Published: April 30, 1951
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.3.2_96

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