The lungs or seventy three necropsy cases, most of which were the cases of unexpected sudden deaths, from the Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner Office were used for this study. Materials for culture were taken aseptically from the respiratory parenchyma of the lungs (subpleural region). The six areas of the lungs were examined in each cases, respectively. Peptone glucose chloramphenicol agar media was used for the culture, and isolated filamentous fungi and yeasts were identified by routine procedure. The areas, from which the materials for culture were taken, were examined histopathologically. The results obtained were as follows
1) Among the 73 cases, fungi were isolated from 60 cases. Namely, filamentous fungi were detected from 38 cases, yeasts were isolated from 7 cases, and both filamentous fungi and yeasts were obtained from 15 cases. No pulmonary fungus infection was disclosed in the cases examined.
2) Filamentous fungi were isolated from 53 cases (72.6%). The number of isolated filamentous fungus colonies was under 5 in the almost all the fungi positive cases which included the cases without any pathological changes in the lungs. There was no definite relation between the presence or grade of inflammatory changes of the lungs and detection rate and genus of filamentous fungi. 272 strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from the 53 cases, and the most frequently isolated fungi was Penicillium, and then Aspergillus, and Basidiomycetous fungi. It was noteworthy finding that the genus or species of the isolated filamentous fungi from the human lung were only the limited genus or species of air borne filamentous fungi.
3) Yeasts were isolated from 22 cases (30.1%). The rate of yeasts isolation was higher in the cases with bronchitis or bronchopneumonia than in the cases without any inflammatory changes. Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata were isolated most frequently.
4) Investigations and discussions were made on relations between the rate of fungus isolation and pleural adhaesion, air contents, and regional incidence of the examined areas, and age, sex, post-mortem hours, body temperature of the examined cases, room temperature and seasonal difference at which the materials for culture were taken.
5) From the results obtained, the authors concluded that even a healthy respiratory parenchyma of the human lung can not be assumed as aseptic, but the isolated fungi from the lung without fungus infection were a few in number, and the genus or species of the fungi isolated from the respiratory parenchyma were only the limited genus or species of air borne fungi. Furthermore, an attainability of air borne fungi to the respiratory parenchyma of the human lung was discussed in connection with the pathogenesis of opportunistic fungus infections.

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An enzyme which showed fungilitic action like the lipoprotein lipase in the body fluid of pig ascaris was found by the author from pancreas extract. This enzyme has shown the identical enzymic character of epinephrine-sensitive lipase, which was reported in epididymal adipose tissue of rats by Rizack (1961). Crude extracts were isolated from the whole homogenate of fresh pig pancreas, according to the cell fractionation technique (Lancker and Holtzer, 1959), with ultracentrifuging. Fungilytic activities were investigated on each fraction. Remarkable activities were shown in the microsome (f) fraction (by Lancker et al) and in the supernatant. Ediol or activated ediol as the substrates were added in each fraction, the crude enzymic solutions, and the isolated glycreol was determined quantitatively. From these investigations, high enzymic activities were shown in the f-fraction and the supernatant. Furthermore, a pararell correlation was concluded between the fungilytic activity and lipolytic activity. Optimal pH of this enzyme was 7-8, and the maximum fungilytic activity was observed in pH 7. There seemed, however, no parallel correlation between fungilytic and lipase activity in the f-fraction. Concerning the effect of enzyme concentration on lipolysis, a linear correlation was shown belween the reaction velocity and reaction time, when the f-fraction obtained from 1g of tissue had been incubated in 5 and 10ml of buffred solution.
The effect of several inhibitants and activative reagents on the fungilysis and lipolysis were investigated. NaF and sodium pyrophosphate showed apparent inhibitions, and on the other hand, quinine showed activations and insuline showed no effects. Though the human serum showed no effects, the addition of a substrate, triglyceride, revealed slight activations. This fact may indicate the formation of lipoprotein combining substrate with triglyceride under the presence of human serum. Protamin sulfate was considered as scarcely effective. On the four kinds of substrates, 10% of ediol, ediol activated with bovine albumin, ediol activated with serum, and chylomicron, enzymic activities of this enzyme and lipase were compared. There seemed no difference in the intial stage of incubation and a slight difference in the later.
Almost all of the maximum value in the reaction velocity was observed in the initial stage of incubation, in both the direct addition of adrenalin and the preincubation with adrenalin. Without incubation with adrenalin, the gradual increase of activity was shown according to the incubation time, and attained its maximum at 90 minutes. This was higher than those of the former cases. No different effects were shown among various concentrations of adrenalin. Addition of adenosin triphophate after the incubation with adrenalin produced the decrease of the reaction velocity more than in the control. Preincubation with only adenosin triphosphate revealed an initial decrease and afterward recovering in lipolytic activity of the enzyme, comparing with that of the control. Small differences in the effects of reagents between noradrenalin and ephedrin, and adrenalin on the activity of this enzyme were shown in this investigation.
A highly active fraction was isolated from this enzyme solution under partial purification with the liquid chromatography by Sephadex G-100. The optimal pH of this isolated fraction was 7, and a more specific peak was obtained in this fraction by comparing it with that of the crude extract. From these observations, fungilytic and lipolytic enzyme from f-fraction was concluded as epinephrine-sensitive lipase, in this paper.

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