[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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In order to cultivate in vitro equine infectious anaenaia (ERA) virus with equineleucocyte culture, it is absolutely indispensable to gain a prosperous cultrue of equineleucocytes themselves. The following experiments were performed to attain these purposes.Heparinized blood samples were collected from 13 healthy horses 1 -2 years old andemployed to remove blood plasma. Leucocytes harvested by centrifugation of the plasmawere suspended in a culture medium cornposed of media No. 199 plus 40% bovine serumand incubated at 37C. The results of leucocyte cultivation were compared among thehorses from which the cells had been collected (Tables l and 2).The results were strikingly diverse among the individuals, indicating that the culturalharvest seerned quite dependent upon individuals. In particular, more or less sufficientgrowth of leucocytes was found in only a few horses. This finding seemed to be some-what similar to the discription of Kobayashi et al.However, the interval between the initiation of growth and the cornplete fall ofdegenerated cells was [1 days at the longest. This interval of time was fairly short, as compared with that reported by Kobayashi et al., or 21 days.Such poorly grown and short-living cultures of leucocytes were ernployed to cultivateETA virus at intervals of 5 -7 days. Reversion tests were also carried out on horseswith the cultured virus. In these tests, cultivation in vitro of both strains of ETA virus, Wyoming and Goshun, was proved to be positive until the 6th passage. Judging fromthis result, the cultivated equine leucocytes were considered to have a fairly sharpsusceptibility to the virus strains.The infective titre of the virus was determined with the original and diluted (at10, 10, and TO ) suspensions of the 5th-passage culture of the Wyoming strain. As a result, only the original suspension was positive in action to the horse, which manifestedstrikingly mild clinical signs. These findings seem to indicate that the proliferation ofETA virus cultivated in poorly grown leucocyte culture is carried out at only a remark-ably low level.Furthermore, alternative passages of ERA virus were tried between tissue cultureoriginated from an equine embryo and equine leucocyte culture, but in vain. Theseresults were considered to be due to the use of poor growth of cultured leucocytes.a result, only the original suspension was positive in action to the horse, which manifestedstrikingly mild clinical signs. These findings seem to indicate that the proliferation ofETA virus cultivated in poorly grown leucocyte culture is carried out at only a remark-ably low level.Furthermore, alternative passages of ERA virus were tried between tissue cultureoriginated from an equine embryo and equine leucocyte culture, but in vain. Theseresults were considered to be due to the use of poor growth of cultured leucocytes.

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To determine the effect of pressure and stretching on the release of 5-hydroxy--tryptamtne (5-IIT) from the intestinal wall at the time of distension of the lumen, artexperimerrt vvas carried out with the small intestine isolo.ted frorrn a male guinea pig.When pressure and stretching were inflicted upon the intestinal wall, the release of 5-HTfrom the intestinal wall was compared with that taking place when no pressure norstretching had been placed upon the intestinal wall (control). The 5-FIT release in theexperimental group was about 2.5 tirnes as much as that in the control group. Whenpressure alone had been added to the incestinal wall there was no increase in 5-FITrelease.When intestinal segments hacl been treated with cocaine (10 g/ml) or hexamethonium(TO ?/ml)m the increase in 5-TIT release caused by the stretching of the intestinal wallwas not affectccd the rate of its increase by the cocaine arxd hexarnethoniurn treatrraentwas calculated to be 1.4 and 2.6, respectively.The results thus obtained suggest that the increase in 5-HT released frorrn theintestinal wall may be more closely related to the stretching of the intestinal wall thanthe role of the nervous system. In the experiment rnentiomted above, the intestinal wallwas subjected to higher pressure and stronger stretching thtrn those for the physiologicalintestinal movements so that the effects of pressure and stretching might be magrrifiedon the release of 5-IHT frorm the nntestinal wall. Under tTtese conditions, the intestinalmovement never appeared. Therefor"e, it was assurned that the 5-HT release rnightresult in no intestinal motility, but stimulate the existing intestixaal motility.

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In Septembert 1964, two spontaneous cases of pox disease of swine were found amongpigs in Tottori Prefecture in Japan. They were examined rrnainly for pathologicalfindings of tlte sl<in.They were 3.5-month-old hybrids betvveen the Middle Yorkshire and Landracebreeds>consisting of a male and female. They had shovvn no clinical signs other thand3zspnea, which was observed just before death.Macroscopically, papules were present on the skin.Microscopicallyt thickening of the epidermis and vacuolar and reticuJar degencrattornof the prickle cells were observed in the damaged parts of the slain. In some papules, prickle cells corrtairned acidophilic inclusion bodies, and these cells of the deep layer ofthe epidermis sometimes slightly basophilic inclusion bodies, Both type of ine[ustonbodies were positive for PAS reaction, slightly positive and stained pale blue with Giernsastain, eale red with Gram stain>and nesative vviLh Sudan III stain. Furthermore, theprickle cells contained such nuclear vacuoles as observed in the case of infectnorn Withthe original swine p0X virus and as described by some authors. The eorium exhnaiteacongestion, hyperemia, edema, and cellular infiltratiotn with rneutrophtls, eosirtophils, amta[ympItocytes, and per"ivascuJar histioeytic proliferation. In the subcutis, thesechangeswere present, though they were milder than those in the coriurn. Sometimes, abscessformation, incrustation, ulceration, and regeneration were observed in the epiderrnis.In addition>localized parenchymatous myocardial degeneration, relatively severestagnation edema of the lungs, sometimes accompanied by hemorrhage, and such circu-latory disturbances in the central nervous system as hyperernia and stagnation x.vithoccasional slight hemorrhage were observed in both eases. Ulcer was fortned in the largeintestine of one case.No etiological investigation was carried out.

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