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Takamasa SHIMIZU, Toshihiro TAKAHATA, Masahiro KATO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
191-197
Published: April 15, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Both Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) antigens prepared for the routine haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test were diluted and absorbed to the separate pieces of durapore membrane for the measurement of dot-immunobinding (DIB) titers of test sera. Besides, durapore strips bearing both antigens were employed for a DIB test with chicken sera definitely diluted 100-fold. Shortening of reaction time of chicken sera with antigens as well as with the secondary serum markedly eliminated non-specific DIB reactions exhibited at low dilutions although the same condition was not so effective on the elimination of non-spciefic reactions among rabbit hyperimmune sera. Rapid and specific development of DIB antibody which continued at high titer up to 1:640 for 10 weeks postinoculation was proved in the sera of SPF chickens inoculated with MG or MS, while DIB titers of sera from uninoculated chickens remained 1:20 or lower. Non-specific reactions, which occurred in the routine serum plate agglutination test with a part of sera from the inoculated chickens, were not exhibited in the DIB as well as in the HI test with the same sera. Results of the DIB test with serum samples from 287 conventionally reared chickens definitely diluted 100-fold coincided with the results of HI test at a level of 90% with MG and 89% with MS antigen. This technique seems to be useful for a rapid, simple and specific diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis.
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Ibuki KANAYAMA, Eimei SATO, Kohji SHIMODA, Hajime MIYAMOTO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
199-205
Published: April 15, 1990
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The morphological changes were examined in the present study in mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes and granulosa cells induced by the administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Dissolution of the germinal vesicle (GVBD) occurred in oocytes at 3 hr after hCG administration. Partial expansion of the cumulus cell investment was observed in the cumulus-oocyte complexes, especially those with the oocytes having undergone GVBD. Cumulus expansion due to the deposition of intercellular materials stained with colloidal iron proceeded up to 8 hr after hCG administration. The number of cells in the follicles containing matured oocytes is smaller than that in the follicles containing intact germinal vesicles in the granulosa cell layer, which indicates that the dispersion of cells occurs during meiotic maturation not only in the cumulus-oocyte complexes but also in the granulosa cell layer. Examination of the expansion of mouse cumulus-oocyte complexes by electron microscopy revealed the abundant deposition of intercellular materials and the retraction of the cytoplasmic processes joining the cumulus cells to the oocyte at 3 hr after hCG administration.
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Kozo TAKASE, Naoya YOSHINAGA, Tatsusuke EGASHIRA, Tetsuya UCHIMURA, Mi ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
207-215
Published: April 15, 1990
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Avian adenoviruses were isolated from two pigeons affected with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by using chicken embryo liver cell cultures. One of the isolates, designated strain S-PL1, replicated in the cell nuclei forming intranuclear inclusion bodies, showed adenovirus-like morphology by electron microscopy, and cross-reacted serologically with strain SR-48 known as serotype 2 of fowl adenovirus. The strain S-PL1 killed day-old chicks by subcutaneous inoculation, and its 50% chicken lethal dose was 10
3.8 plaque forming units per bird. Severe lesions characterized with IBH and pancreatitis, were produced in chicks inoculated with the virus. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were also recognized in the liver, pancreas, kidney, proventriculus, small intestine, and caecum. By indirect immunofluorescence test, intranuclear viral antigens were detected in the liver, pancreas and other tissues.
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Eiichi HONDA, Hironori TAKAHASHI, Katsunori OKAZAKI, Toshimi MINETOMA, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
217-224
Published: April 15, 1990
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Plaque formation, replication and related cytopathic function of 9 strains of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus were examined in primary cells and cell lines such as CPK, IB-RS-2, ESK, and PK-15 originated from porcine kidney and the effects of trypsin on the replication of TGE virus were examined in CPK cells. All strains produced a cytopathic effect and grew well in CPK cells as well as in primary porcine kidney cells. The effect of trypsin on the plaque formation was different from strains. The number of plaques produced by strains TO-163, Ukiha and Niigata increased from 2.6 to 3.52 times when trypsin was present in the medium during incubation at 37°C for 1 hr after adsorption of the virus at 4°C for 2 hr. The plaque sizes of TO-163, h-5, Ukiha and Niigata became larger from 1.4 to 1.7 times, when trypsin was present in the agar MEM overlay.
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Hirokazu TSUBONE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
225-232
Published: April 15, 1990
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This study was performed to identify, recording from single fibers of the ethmoidal nerve, nasal receptors which respond to changes in the upper airway pressure during nasal occlusion. In 15 anaesthetized rats breathing through the nose, three consecutive nasal occlusions were performed while recording. the afferent activity of ethmoidal nerve fibers, the EMG activity of an external intercostal muscle, temperature in the nose and upper airway pressure. Twenty-two afferent fibers were activated during the three inspiratory efforts with occlusions applied at end-expiration, when the upper airway was subjected to negative pressure (-1.93, -2.16 and -2.22 kPa at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd effort, respectively). The number of impulses was 24, 22 and 20 (n=22) at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd effort, respectively. The pressure threshold were measured as -0.73, -0.87 and -0.96 kPa (n=22) in each effort. Three fibers were also stimulated by positive pressure during occlusions performed at end-inspiration. In 5 rats breathing through a tracheostomy, maintained negative (-0.1∼3.7 kPa) and positive (0.8∼3.0 kPa) pressures were applied to the isolated upper airway. All the 12 fibers tested were activated by the maintained negative pressure, whereas three of them were also activated by the maintained positive pressure. However, none of fibers tested were stimulated by tracheal occlusions. These results indicate that the ethmoidal branch of the trigeminal nerve contains fibers connected to nasal 'pressure' receptors, mostly 'negative pressure' receptors, that may play a role in the maintenance of upper airway patency.
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Keisuke OZAKI, Akira INOUE, Hisae ATOBE, Eiji TAKAHASHI, Shin-ichiro K ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
233-239
Published: April 15, 1990
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Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diseased dogs in Tokyo area during 1983 through 1986 were serotyped and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility to obtain an epizootiological aspect of canine P. aeruginosa infection. Major sources of specimens were ear and nasal discharges and urine. The results of O-antigen typing using a monoclonal antibody kit showed that the most predominant serotype was type M. Types G and B were also major serotypes. In a yearly distribution of serotypes, type I was almost limited in 1986, and was isolated mainly from surgical wounds, which showed an episode of nosocomial infection, whereas that of type M or B was dispersed during 4 years from 1983 to 1986. As a result of antimicrobial susceptibility test, most canine strains were considered to be susceptible to 4 drugs, which were commonly used in both human and veterinary clinics, in contrast to human isolates.
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Aki TAKUMI, Ko-ichi KUSANAGI, Kotaro TUCHIYA, Xuenan XUAN, Masayuki AZ ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
241-250
Published: April 15, 1990
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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of canine herpesvirus (CHV) infection using antigen prepared by solubilizing infected cells was developed. The ELISA and two improved methods of serum neutralization test, the microplate serum neutralization test (MSNT) with complement and the 50% plaque reduction (PR) assay with complement, were compared for the results of antibody detection from a total of 557 field canine sera. Of 529 sample sera that were negative in the MSNT with complement, 119 were ELISA positive, and this result together with time course of serum antibody detection in a dog experimentally infected with CHV strongly suggested that the MSNT with complement is less sensitive for the detection of antibody in CHV infected dogs, especially those in early stages of infection. A correlation was found between the titers measured by the ELISA and 50% PR assay with complement, however, for field use, the ELISA is recommended as a highly sensitive test method of serodiagnosis of CHV infection adequate for dealing with a large number of samples with less demand on time and effort.
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Yukinobu TOHYA, Yasuko TANIGUCHI, Makoto TSUBAKIMOTO, Eiji TAKAHASHI, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
251-256
Published: April 15, 1990
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Fourteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (N-MoAbs) were prepared against the F4 strain of feline calicivirus (FCV), the prototype strain of FCV in Japan, and examined for their ability to neutralize FCV isolates. Neutralization-resistant variants of the F4 strain were selected under the presence of 4 individual N-MoAbs in cell culture systems and used in cross-neutralization tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with all of the 14 N-MoAbs. The results revealed the identification of at least two antigenic determinants on FCV F4: one being more broadly conserved among FCV isolates than the other. Usefulness of antigenic variants resistant to N-MoAbs for analysis of neutralization determinants on FCV was also demonstrated.
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Maria I. ESCABIAS, Rafael SANTISTEBAN, Maria D. RUBIO, Pura TOVAR
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
257-263
Published: April 15, 1990
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The correlations between different electrocardiographic variables and plasma concentrations of K, Na and Ca ions were studied in foals of 1 to 14 days of age. The results obtained are only significant in neonate individuals of 1 day of age. Whilst the PQ segment and R wave duration showed a positive linear correlation (p<0.05) with plasma concentrations of Na and Ca ions respectively, the amplitude of the T wave showed a negative linear correlation (p≤0.05) with the K ion. Moreover, the variability in duration of the QT and ST intervals can be explained by both Na (p≤0.01 and p≤0.05, respectively) and K (p≤0.05 and p≤0.01, respectively) plasma concentrations with which they show a positive linear correlation.
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Hideto MIYAZAKI, Jyunji HIRAI, Tetsuro TANEIKE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
265-273
Published: April 15, 1990
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The pharmacokinetics and the biliary and urinary excretions following intravenous administration of furosemide (5 mg/kg) were investigated in the anesthetized dogs with normal and experimentally reduced renal function. After the administration, furosemide caused diuretic and choleretic response, and was excreted into urine and bile at almost similar rate to plasma concentration decay in normal dogs. Half maximum diuretic response was obtained at 1.5μg/ml of plasma concentration and 100μg/min of urinary excretion rate of furosemide. Acute renal failure was produced in dogs by the intravenous administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl
2, 2mg/kg). In HgCl
2-treated dogs, the prolongation of half life (T
1/2β) and the decrease in plasma clearance were noted with the decreased diuretic response. These changes in parameters appeared to be associated with the decrease in excretion of furosemide into the urine, but not into the bile. Plasma level-diuretic response relationship was extensively shifted to the right in HgCl
2-treated dogs, while urinary dose-response relationship did not change significantly between two groups. These results suggest that the decreased response to furosemide in HgCl
2-treated dogs seems to be due to the decreased renal clearance rather than to the subsensitivity to furosemide on the site of action.
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Takahiko SUWA, Shuji ANDO, Nobuo HASHIMOTO, Chitoshi ITAKURA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
275-283
Published: April 15, 1990
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Twelve one-day-old chicks were experimentally inoculated with Chlamydia psittaci derived from turkeys. Acute chlamydial septicemic lesions were induced by the inoculation into the air sac and trachea. No lesions were produced by the esophageal injection. Clinically, the affected chicks showed emaciation and mouth breathing, and were inactive while some birds died. Grossly, they had hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and airsacculitis. Histopathologically, fibrinopurulent airsacculitis, pneumonia and bronchitis, multiple fibrinous serositis in the hepatic and splenic capsules, peri- and epicardium, and mesenterium, focal endoarteritis in the aortae, activation of reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, and hepatic necrosis were noted. Immunohistochemically, chlamydial antigen granules were present in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the respiratory system, hepatocytes, macrophages in the air sac, lung, serous membrane, liver, spleen, aortae, reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen, and mesothelial cells in various organs or tissues. Chlamydial multiplication in the cells of the organs or tissues involved was preceded to form the lesions.
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Tadashi NAKAMURA, Sentarou YOSHINO, Eiji IIDA, Yoshito WAKAO, Makoto M ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
285-292
Published: April 15, 1990
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Using adult mongrel dogs, experiments were performed to elucidate the relationship between the changes in the myocardial oxygen tension (PmO
2) in anoxia and disturbances of cardiac function. Dogs, forced to inspire 100% N
2, sufferd from a respiratory arrest after 5 min, and developed acute anoxia. However, by 100% O
2 inhalation 2 min after the onset of the respiratory arrest, the anoxia rapidly resolved. The arterial oxygen tension (PaO
2), left intra ventricular oxygen tension (PLvO
2) and PmO
2 showed the most pronounced fall 2 min after the respiratory arrest induced by N
2 inhalation. The arterial carbon deoxide tension (PaCO
2) decreased until the respiratory arrest, after which it started to rise. When inhalation of 100% O
2 was initiated at the anoxia, the PaO
2, PLvO
2 and PmO
2 recovered within 1 min followed by a rise beyond the baseline value. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left atrial mean pressure (LAm), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), aortic mean pressure (Aom), maximum rate of force development by left ventricle (LVmax. dp/dt), total peripheral resistance (TPR), cardiac output (CO) and heart rate (HR) were measured. At the onset of anoxia, these parameters decreased sharply. When inhalation of 100% O
2 was initiated within 2 min of the respiratory arrest, these disturbances of cardiac function recovered rapidly. The fall of PmO
2 plays an important role in the impairment of cardiac function.
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Yasuhide SAITOH, Hiroshi ITAGAKI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
293-297
Published: April 15, 1990
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Cockroaches and filth-flies have been known to be transport hosts of Toxoplasma gondii but the role of dung beetles as the carrier of coccidian oocysts is not known. We attempted to clarify the role of dung beetles (Onthophagus spp.) as the transport host of feline coccidia including Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma oocysts were found in the feces of the beetles until day 3 after the insects were exposed to cat feces mixed with the oocysts. Furthermore, oocysts on the body surface of beetles were not easily detached but remained infective for a prolonged period of time. Infective dung beetles may contaminate the water with infective oocysts passed in their feces when they dropped into the water. In the field survey feline coccidia, Isospora felis and I. rivolta, were detected in dung beetles collected from dog feces; they play an important role in the transmission of feline coccidian oocysts in the field.
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Tetsuo KIMIJIMA, Yoshiharu HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Yasuhiro KON, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
299-305
Published: April 15, 1990
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Studies were made on the distribution of lymphoid tissues and immunoglobulin (Ig: IgA, IgG and IgM)-containing cells (cIg: cIgA, cIgG and cIgM) and the localization of immunoglobulins (Igs) in the oviducal walls of laying hens. Lymphocyte accumulations were occasionally observed, located mainly in the middle infundibulum and in the regions from the isthmus to the vagina. The number of cIgG significantly predominated over that of cIgA or cIgM in the mucosal connective tissue of the magnum and the isthmus. In contrast, in the regions other than the magnum and the isthmus, these three types of cIg were fewer in number. Igs were localized in some superficial epithelial cells (SECs) and glandular cells (GlCs) of the oviduct. Many IgG-containing SECs were found in the infundibulum, the isthmus, and the cranial and major uterus. IgA- or IgM-containing SECs were rare throughout the oviduct. Three types of Ig-containing GlCs were numerously found in the magnum, though lymphocyte accumulations were scarce there. In the isthmus, many IgG-containing GlCs were found, while IgA- or IgM-containing GlCs were rarely observed. Ig-containing GlCs in the magnum were considerably decreased in number after the egg passage. The results suggest that the maternal Igs are transferred to the egg mainly through GlCs in the magnum of the chicken oviduct, and that the oviducal lymphoid tissues have little relationship to the passive immunity.
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Hiroaki NAGANO, Kazuhiko HAYASHI, Masanori KUBO, Yasuo MIURA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
307-314
Published: April 15, 1990
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In October, 1988, bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred in Nagasaki Prefecture and throughout Kyushu island, with the exception Miyazaki Prefecture. The first outbreak occurred in Hirado-shi on October 17. The total number of diseased cattle was 24 in 24 farms in Nagasaki Prefecture. The clinical findings were mainly sudden fever, anorexia, and instability in standing. The serum neutralizing antibodies against BEF virus (BEFV) rose in all infected cattle. Twelve strains of the virus were isolated in HmLu-1 cell cultures made directly from the heparinized blood of 17 infected cattle. The buffy coat was mainly collected from the samples and washed three times with phosphate buffered saline. These isolates were all neutralized by an antiserum against BEFV (Yamaguchi strain). With the aid of an electron microscope, a representative of isolates named Hirado-9 with a length of 150nm was seen in the sample of infected HmLu-1 cell cultures. Both Hirado-9 and Yamaguchi strains reacted with antisera. The outbreak of BEF in 1988 was the first since 1971 in Nagasaki Prefecture. The result proved that BEFV can be easily isolated in HmLu-1 cell culture from the washed blood cells of infected cattle.
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Taiichiro KUBOTA, Kei SATO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
315-319
Published: April 15, 1990
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Two platinum needles (therapeutic electrode) were inserted into the rabbit's auricle, and with the medial angle of the eye as the datum point of measurement, the electric potential was measured before, during, and after the galvanization with micro-current (20μA). With the insertion of the needles alone, the potential between the needles and the datum point showed -0.10 to +0.28V, which gradually decreased thereafter to reach stable levels ranging from -0.02 to +0.17V in 3 or 4 days. When galvanized, the potential stood +0.75 to +1.30V between the anode and the datum point, and -0.37 to -0.50V between the cathode and the datum point. Then, 3 days later, the voltage rose +1.40 to +1.65V between the anode and the datum point, and went down -0.60 to -0.85V between the cathode and the datum point. When the micro-current was switched off, the potential immediately decreased, and slight potential endured after 24 hrs. These findings revealed that the insertion of needles generated electric potentials, that galvanization charged the tissue, and that cessation of stimulation led to storage and discharge of electricity.
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Toshiyuki MURASE, Yoshimitsu MAEDE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
321-327
Published: April 15, 1990
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To elucidate the mechanism of anemia caused by Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs, the erythrophagocytic activity of macrophages in infected dogs was investigated in vitro. In the present study, macrophages obtained from peripheral blood (PB-macrophages) and bone marrow (BM-macrophages) of splenectomized dogs with chronic B. gibsoni infection were examined. The BM-macrophages in the splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis exhibited an increased erythrophagocytic activity compared with those from splenectomized, non-infected dogs. In the infected dogs, erythrophagocytic activities of macrophages against both auto- and iso-erythorcytes from normal dogs were almost the same. Administration of an anti-protozoal drug, diminazene diaceturate, resulted in a decrease of the erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages associated with an increase of the hematocrit value in splenectomized dogs with chronic babesiosis. In splenectomized dogs with acute babesiosis, erythrophagocytic activity of BM-macrophages was also elevated. Such a phenomenon was not, however, observed in splenectomized dogs with onion-induced hemolytic anemia. These results suggest that the erythrophagocytic ability of macrophages in the infected dogs might be accelerated by parasites per se through an unknown machanism, resulting in severe anemia in spite of low parasitemia.
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James A. LIN, Hiroshi KODAMA, Chitoshi ITAKURA, Misao ONUMA, Takeshi M ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
329-337
Published: April 15, 1990
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The new cloned serotype 2 Marek's disease viruses (MDV) of ML-6, ML-9, and ML-22 strains were inoculated in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks to evaluate the pathogenicity and protective efficacy. Chicks inoculated or contact-infected with ML strains showed no gross and histological lesions in lymphoid organs, sciatic plexuses and other visceral organs during 10 weeks of observation periods, indicating that the viruses were non-pathogenic. Moreover, the viruses were found to be spread horizontally among chicks by demonstrating the presence of viremia in contacted chicks at 2 weeks-old. Chicks vaccinated with ML-6 at one day-old were protected against subsequent challenge by inoculation with virulent MDV strain of Md/5 at 4 or 7 days old or by contact infection at 7 days old with chickens previously inoculated with the same strain.
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Yuji MORI, Yukari TAKEUCHI, Masahiro SHIMADA, Shinji HAYASHI, Kunio HO ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
339-349
Published: April 15, 1990
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Practical method was devised for precise approach to hypothalamic nuclei in the Shiba goat. A stereotaxic instrument and a brain atlas with stereotaxic coordinates were developed. For an accurate placement of probes into specific hypothalamic regions a radiographic method was employed in which radio-opaque material was injected into the lateral ventricle and the ventricular outline was depicted. A sagittal diagram showing the arrangement of hypothalamic nuclei in relation to the brain ventricular system was constructed from the transverse stereotaxic atlas. This diagram was revealed extremely useful in pinpointing the target on the radiographs of lateral view. Precision of this method was evaluated in female Shiba goats (n=4) by comparing radiographically estimated positions of hypothalamic nuclei with those histologically determined. Despite of cranial variability among individual animals these two parameters matched well each other in all the nuclei examined. Furthermore, chronic cannulae were implanted into different hypothalamic structures of one goat and the accuracy of their placement was confirmed histologically. Thus, it was revealed that the stereotaxy by aid of radiography herein described was accurate enough to apply to various neuroendocrinological studies in the Shiba goat.
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Joselito A. LIMCUMPAO, Taisuke HORIMOTO, Eiji TAKAHASHI, Takeshi MIKAM ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
351-359
Published: April 15, 1990
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Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were used to characterize feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) glycoproteins (gp). Intracellular localization and transport of these proteins as revealed by a sequential indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on fixed infected cells showed slight differences between FHV-1 gp143/108 and gp113. Antibodies against gp143/108 first showed membrane fluorescence at 4 hrs post-infection (PI) followed by a pronounced perinuclear and cytoplasmic staining from 8 hrs PI onwards. Those reacting with gp113 showed the same pattern but fluorescence did not appear until 8 hrs PI . In contrast, MoAbs against gp60 first showed para- and perinuclear staining at 12 hrs PI which became intranuclear at 16 hrs PI, followed by intracytoplasmic staining at 20 hrs PI. Sequential IFA of unfixed infected cells revealed that the three glycoproteins were expressed on the cell surface membrane as well. Topographical mapping of the functional epitopes of gp113 by ELISA additivity test indicated the presence of 2 antigenic domains-a neutralizing domain consisting of 3 overlapping epitopes and a non-neutralizing domain. On the other hand, gp143/108 contained only one antigenic site consisting of 5 similar or overlapping epitopes, one of which seemed to be a conserved region recognized by all MoAbs reacting to this protein.
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Sadaharu ICHIKAWA, Yoshito WAKAO, Makoto MUTO, Mitsugi TAKAHASHI
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
361-369
Published: April 15, 1990
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The load-reducing effect of nitroglycerin (NTG), a vasodilator, was studied in dogs with heart failure. The chordae tendineae of the mitral valve were transected to induce acute mitral regurgitation (MR) for hemodynamic evaluation. By such surgical treatment, preload indices such as left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and left atrial pressure (LAP) increased significantly, and subsequent cardiac dysfunction and heart failure were indicated by another decrease in stroke volume, myocardial contractility, forward flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption. To dogs with artificially established acute MR, 3μg/kg/min of NTG was administered intra-arterially by means of a continuous infusion, that resulted in decrease of LVEDP, LAP and central venous pressure (CVP). Thus, a reduction of preload was determined. Simultaneously, afterload indices such as aortic systolic pressure (Aos), aortic mean pressure (Aom) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased remarkably. Afterload reduction depended on the amount of venous return; therefore, an extra-corporeal circulation system was applied in order to supply a constant venous return before NTG administration. This caused a significant decrease in aortic diastolic pressure (Aod), Aos, Aom, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and TPR, and an increase in myocardial contractility and cardiac output. This suggested that afterload reduction might be realized by the vasodilatory effect of NTG on the resistance vessels.
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Takao SARASHINA, Shigeru ICHIJO, Junichi TAKAHASHI, Satoshi OSAME
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
371-378
Published: April 15, 1990
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The gas composition of the rumen and the abomasum were investigated in 71 cows including 25 cows with displaced abomasum. The ratio of methane (CH
4) to CO
2 in the abomasum gas was higher than that in the rumen. In the incubated mixtures of fresh rumen fluid, CH
4 was detected at a high concentration, while a small amount of CO
2 and CH
4 was found in incubated mixtures of fresh abomasum fluids. Hence, it was suggested that the gas in the abomasum originated not from the abomasum itself but from the rumen. In cows fed with mixed roughages and concentrates, the rumen CO
2:CH
4 ratio was higher compared with cows fed with roughages alone. Marked changes in rumen gas composition were presumed to be associated with changes in abomasum gas composition. Consequently, it is possible that feeding a large quantity of concentrates may increase the flow rate of the ingesta through the forestomach, so that the return rate of gas separated from the ingesta in the abomasum to the forestomach may also increase. Therefore, the frequent accumulation of a large amount of gas with concomitant changes in the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration in the abomasum caused abomasal atony and subsequently displaced abomasum.
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Shin-ichiro FUKUMOTO, Katsuhiro ETANI, Kumiko TOI, Mitsuaki HANADATE, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
379-385
Published: April 15, 1990
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The prevalence and intensity of infection with abomasal nematodiasis was stuided in dairy cattle of Hokkaido, northern Japan, for successive two years. During the period of March in 1985 to September in 1987, a total number of 393 abomasa of Holstein-Friesian cows was examined for nematode parasites. Nematodes were detected from 75% of the cows. The prevalence of nematode species detected was Ostertagia ostertagi 250 (63.6%), Mecistocirrus digitatus 181 (46.1%), Trichostrongylus axei 85 (21.6%) and Haemonchus sp. 1 (0.3%). The prevalence and population composition of each growth stage varied seasonally in O. ostertagi and M. digitatus. The large percentage of arrested larvae, early L4 O. ostertagi and immature L5 M. digitatus, detected during the mid-winter and the increasing percentage of matured adult populations of both species in early spring revealed the occurrence of the autumn associated arrested development (hypobiosis) phenomenon in bovine abomasum nematodes of Japan.
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Toshikazu SHIRAHATA, Ken KATSUDA, Chikako OHTA, Hitoshi GOTO
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
387-393
Published: April 15, 1990
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Cyclosprin A (Cs-A), a potent immunosuppressant, was administered to mcie to evaluate the role of T lymphocytes for the development of a protective immunity to an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Although daily adminsitration of various amounts of Cs-A for 7 days enhanced the host susceptibility at all doses employed, a dose-dependent manner of Cs-A treatment was not observed as far as the dosage regimens applied here are concerned; mice died at the same rate (40%) among the groups receiving various amounts of Cs-A. Cs-A treatment had a differential effect on the course of disease depending on how it was given in relation to infection. All mice receiving 50mg of Cs-A per kg per day for 10 days from the beginning of infection eventually died of toxoplasmosis. Cs-A did not suppress the production of intereferon (IFN)-α/β that was induced shortly after the infection, whereas it reduced greatly the ability of Toxoplasma-infected mice to produce IFN-γ induced by stimulation with Toxoplasma lysate antigen (TLA). Moreover, the decrease in IFN-γ production correlated with an increase in the parasitic growth in the peritoneal cavities of Cs-A-treated mice. These results suggest that the immunosuppressive effect of Cs-A on the primary Toxoplasma infection in mice is expressed by inhibiting the development of effector T cells responsible for the production of IFN-γ.
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Ken NEMOTO, Taisuke HORIMOTO, Xuenan XUAN, Ko-ichi KUSANAGI, Aki TAKUM ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
395-398
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Hiroshi ISHII, Kazutaka MOKUDAI, Tetsuya SEKI, Toshio MATSUMOTO, Mitsu ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
399-402
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Kazuhiro KARIYA, Akihiro KONNO, Takuo ISHIDA, Tsukimi WASHIZU, Isamu T ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
403-405
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Tadashi HIRAHARA, Hisao YASUHARA, Osamu MATSUI, Morimasa YAMANAKA, Mas ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
407-409
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Isamu KANEMOTO, Shinzi SHIBATA, Haruhiko NOGUCHI, Shuichi CHIMURA, Mas ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
411-414
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Yoshiko UCHIDA, Tetsuya NAKADE, Kaoru KITAZAWA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
415-417
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Fumiaki AKAHORI, Toshio MASAOKA, Fuki YAMADA, Shigeyuki ARAI, Gisuke K ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
419-421
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Tsukimi WASHIZU, Hidenori IKENAGA, Makoto WASHIZU, Takuo ISHIDA, Isamu ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
423-425
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Hideki TABARU, Hitoshi WATANABE, Mikio TANAKA, Sanenori NAKAMA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
427-430
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Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Ikuko MURAO, Akira OGASA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
431-434
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Suguru MIYAJI, Yutaka SAKANASHI, Hisashi ASAMI, Jun-ichi SHIKATA
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
435-437
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Takashi ONODERA, Eiichi MOMOTANI, Shinya SHIMIZU, Kazuhiro YOSHIHARA, ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
439-442
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Yukio AKAIKE
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
443-445
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Kouichi TANAKA, R. B. ATWELL
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
447-451
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Takuo ISHIDA, Akiko TANIGUCHI, Takao KANAI, Yasushi KATAOKA, Kazuhiro ...
1990 Volume 52 Issue 2 Pages
453-454
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