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原稿種別: 表紙
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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藤澤 英司, 小林 新, 羽生 友治
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
555-560
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The release of nitrogen from two types of resin-coated urea was studied in two saturated salt solutions at a constant temperature. From the water vapor pressure of the saturated salt solutions, the temperature of corresponding vapor pressure of pure water was calculated and this converted temperature was used in the simulation with our release model proposed previously. 1) The release rates in the saturated solution were proportional to the differences in water vapor pressure between inside and outside of the coatings. The rates of release were simulated satisfactorily with the proposed model by converting the temperature. 2) The cumulative nitrogen release did not reach 100% ; this fact suggesting the effect of osmotic pressure of the saturated salt solutions. 3) The coated urea swelled differently with different coatings and temperatures, and by correcting the gain in volume of the swollen fertilizer granules, the simulation of nitrogen release in saturated salt solutions agreed with actual release data.
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渋谷 加代子, 松永 俊朗, 上沢 正志
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
561-569
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The soils around the roots of various kinds of vegetables cultivated in upland fields were separated into three fractions, namely, rhizosphere soil (soil I), soil in root area (soil II) and soil out of root area (soil III). The water-soluble NO_3 and bases, and Truog P_2O_5, together with pH and EC, of the separated soil samples, and N and P contents of the spinach plant were determined. The nitrate contents of the soil samples were in the order of soil I ≧ soil II > soil III in the middle of growth of the vegetables. The Truog P_2O_5 contents of the soil samples from an Andosol field were soil I > soil II ≧ soil III, both in the middle of growth and at harvest of the vegetables, while no difference in Truog P_2O_5 content was observed among soil I , II and III from a Red-Yellow or Brown Lowland field. In the Andosol field, the total-P and Al-P contents of the soil I were higher than those of soils II and III. Soil I contained more water-soluble bases than soils II and III. The nitrate contents of soils I and II correlated well with that of spinach and yield, as did Truog P_2O_5contents of soils I and II did with yield and the P content of spinach in the middle of growth and at harvest.
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武田 潔, 鈴木 智子, 根子 憲一, 富山 恭秀, 藤田 隆, 松山 信彦, 渡辺 巌
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
570-575
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The population of methanotrophs in paddy soils and rice roots was investigated. The most probable number method was carried out by measuring the carbon dioxide production by methanotrophs instead of methane consumption. The number of methanotrophs detected was in the range of 10^5-10^6 MPN g^<-1> dry soil both in flooded rice soil and drained rice soil. Similar or a larger density of methanotrophs was also enumerated in the rice roots. All of the isolated methanotrophs from rice soils were catalase and oxidase-positive, gramnegative, straight rod-shaped and vibrio-shaped bacteria which formed exospores. The methanotrophs could grow in the absence of copper and fixed nitrogen, and possessed a type II intracytoplasmic membrane structure. Type II methanotrophs seem to be dominant in rice soils under copper-deficient, low-oxygen and high-methane conditions.
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三枝 正彦, 山本 晶子, 渋谷 暁一
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
576-581
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Laboratory and pot culture experiments of rice plants were conducted to evaluate the availability of silicoa from the industrial wastes of autoclaved light concrete (PS : porous hydrate calcium silicate) to rice plants (Oryza sativa L. cv. Kokoromachi and Satohonami) in comparison with seven commercial slag silicate fertilizers (SS). The amounts of water soluble silicon of PS and SS were 0.9 g kg^<-1> and 0.1-1.2 g kg^<-1>, respectively. The silica concentration of soil solution of the incubated, submerged non-allophanic Andosol treated by PS was increased about 2.3 times compared to that of non-treated soil, whereas the silica concentration of the same soil treated by SS was only increased 1.0-1.6 times. The silica nutrition of rice plants was measured by potting experiments both at the 9th leaf-stage and harvesting stage. At the 9th leaf-stage, the silica concentration of the rice shoots grown on Andosol treated by PS (150 g kg^<-1>) was about 70 g kg^<-1>, which was the highest among the treatments. At the same time, the silica concentration of soil solution with PS treatment was also higher than those with SS treatment. At harvesting time, the silica concentration of leaf blade with PS treatment was 87 g kg^<-1>, 28% higher than that with non-treated soil. But, the silica concentration of leaf blade with soil treated by SS was only 0-16% higher than that with the non-treated soil. In Alluvial soil, the effect of PS on the silica nutrition in rice plants was relatively enhanced compared to that in Andosol. From the above results, it is concluded that porous hydrate calcium silicate is highly feasible as an effective silicate material in improving the silica nutrition of rice plants.
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藤澤 英司, 小林 新, 羽生 友治
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
582-589
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The release of nutrients from a thermoplastic resin-coated NPK mixed fertilizer were studied at different temperatures and soil moistures, ranging from the near-field moisture capacity to the ievel lower than air-dry soil. From the soil moisture content, water vapor pressure was estimated to carry out the simulation studies. The effects of osmotic potential and diffusion of nutrients out side the granules of the coated fertilizer on the release rate were also discussed. 1) The release rates of the nutrients were higher in the order of nitrogen (ammonium andnitrate), potassium and phosphate. The pattern of each nutrient release fitted well with our simulation model reported previously. 2) The release rate of nitrogen was the same as the estimated value in the solution under the condition in which the soil moisture content levels were higher than 40% (0.7 MPa of water potential) of the maximum water holding capacity. However, the release rate decreased as the level of soil moisture decreased below this point, and became nil at about 100 MPa of water potential. 3) The water vapor pressure was estimated from the moisture content of the soil, and the temperature corresponding to the vapor pressure of pure water was calculated. Using the calculated temperature, the nutrient release was simulated with the proposed model, but the simulated values were slightly higher than the observed values. We considered that the vapor pressure in the close vicinity of the fertilizer granules may have been lower than the estimated value under the low moisture condition in which the solution from the granules tended to stagnate and the diffusion outside the granules decreased.
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新良 力也, 西宗 昭
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
590-597
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The applicability of a kinetic method for estimation of the progress of nitrogen (N) mineralization in soil was examined in Tokachi District, Hokkaido, which had a lower amount of rainfall than other districts in Japan. Also, the rates of N absorption of spring wheat (Triticurn aestivum L. cv. Haruyutaka) plant were compared with the rates of N mineralization in soils to evaluate the efficiency of mineralized N for plant absorption. The estimated progress of N mineralization by the zero-order kinetic method nearly agreed with the change in the sum of spring wheat plant N and inorganic N in surface (0-30 cm) soils in plots without N fertilizer in 1990 and 1991. The facts suggested that the kinetic method was effective to estimate the N absorption of spring wheat plant in a district with less rainfall like Tokachi. The amount of N absorbed by the spring wheat plants (y) in plots without N fertilizer in 1991 was closely related to the days transformed at standard temperature (x) proposed by Konno and Sugihara (1986). The relationships were consisting of an exponential equation for the early growth stage and a linear one (y=ax+b) for the middle and late growth stages. As the rate of N absorption of spring wheat plant at standard temperature, value "a" could be used. The rates of N absorption of spring wheat plants were 82-98% of the rates of N mineralization in soil layers with the accumulation of soil organic matter.
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小野 信一
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
597-
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松中 照夫, 石井 岳浩, 岡本 英竜
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
598-603
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We attempted to elucidate the change in the form and content of nitrogen (N) in cow slurry under different aeration periods and its effect on dry matter production of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) in a pot experiment. Aeration treatments of the slurry were conducted at three levels : a) no aeration for 4 weeks, b) short-term aeration (aeration for i week after no aeration for the first 3 weeks) and c) long-term aeration (aeration for 4 weeks). We applied these slurries as a nutrient source to grass grown in pots. The application rate was 80 g pot^<-1> (4 kg m^<-2>). Aeration treatment resulted in slurries with a high pH. The content of total N and NH_4-N in the slurry decreased with the length of aeration period. NO_3-N was slightly detected in the long-term aerated slurry. It appeared that the decrease in total N of the aerated slurry was due to the gaseous loss of NH_4-N in the slurry. These results showed that the application rate of N derived from the slurry to the pots was different among the treatments because of the difference in the content of NH_4-N in the slurry. We then calculated the efficiency of dry matter production per unit N in the slurry applied. The efficiency of the non-aerated slurry was the highest among the treatments, and the efficiency of the aerated slurry decreased with the aeration period. The difference in the amount of N accumulated in the grass among the treatments showed a similar tendency to the results described above. From the results, we concluded that the nutritive value of the aerated slurry was less than that of the non-aerated slurry because aeration caused the gaseous loss of NH_4-N from the slurry.
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新良 力也, 西宗 昭
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
604-611
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The percentage uptake of a fertilizer nitrogen (N) by winter wheat (Triticurn aestivurn L. cv. Chihokukomugi) and the distribution of absorbed N into the grain were investigated by tracing ^<15>N in field experiments. The three-split application of a 12 g N m^<-2> was conducted and (^<15>NH_4) SO_4 was used as each split of fertilizer N. Also, the time course of uptake of soil N by winter wheat was compared with the estimated progress of N mineralization by kinetic analysis. The recovery rates of fertilizer N were 29-40% in the case of application at sowing time, 43% at mid-April, when the regrowth of wheat plants starts after snow melting away and 58-64% at the heading stage. At harvest, the proportion of labelled N absorbed in the grain was 52-63% in the case of application at sowing time, 59-66% at mid-April and 73-81% at the heading stage. At 10-13 d before harvest, 33-45% of absorbed fertilizer N applied at the heading stage was still found in the leaf and steam, and a part of it translocated to the grain during the ripening process. On the other hand, the amount of N absorbed from soil N was 46-60% of the total N in the grain. That indicated the necessity of estimating the progress of uptake of soil N by wheat plants to control the yield and quality of grain. The amount of N mineralized in the soil from sowing time to harvest was estimated at less than 40% of the amoun of soil N absorbed by winter wheat. The residual inorganic N in soil, especially in the sub-soil at sowing time, contributed considerably to N uptake by winter wheat.
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三枝 正彦, 山本 晶子, 渋谷 暁一
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
612-617
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The effects of porous hydrate calcium silicate (PS) on the silica nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Satohonami) were evaluated in a paddy field of Kawatabi Andisol. The growth characteristics of rice and silica concentrations of both soil solution and leaf sheath of rice in the following 5 treatments were determined : Control (no silicon application), SC (treated with 150 g m^<-2> of commercial slag silicate fertilizer) and PS-150, -300 and -500 (treated with 150, 300 and 500 g m^<-2> of PS, respectively). Plant length, nos. of tiller, leaf color and total ; dry weight of rice plants treated by PS were not statistically different to those of non-treated plants. Grain yields of rice plants in the PS plots were almost the same or more than those in the control and SC plots. The silica concentrations of both soil solution and leaf sheath of the rice plants treated by PS were higher than those in the control or SC plots and they tended to increase with the application rate of PS throughout the growth period: The total amount of silicon absorbed by rice plants in the PS plots was 1.2 to 1.5 times higher than that in the control plot. The use efficiencies of silicon by rice plants in the PS-150, -300 and -500 plots calculated by the substraction method were 70, 65 and 60%, respectively. From above results it is concluded that porous hydrate calcium silicate is a very efficient material for improving the silicon nutrition of rice plants without any detrimental influence.
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松本 貞義
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
617-
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安藤 豊, 小南 力, 藤井 弘志, 岡田 佳菜子
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
618-625
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To clarify the growth of rice plants grown under no-tillage and conventional tillage conditions, N absorption pattern and tillering habit at the early growth stage, and N absorption, photosynthetic and exudation rate of rice plants at the middle and late growth stages were examined. Results obtained were as follows ; 1) There was no difference in the number of tillers between no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) grown rice within 3 weeks after transplanting. However, the increasing rate of tillers in CT was more than that in NT. No significant difference was observed in basal N absorption by rice plants between NT and CY from transplanting to the middle of June. In the NT plants, the amount of basal N at the end of June was almost same as that at the middle of June. On the other hand, in CT plants, the amount of basal N at the end of June was two times higher than at the middle of June.2) The relationship between soil hardness, plant shoots and root dry weight was presented by linear equations. Increasing soil hardness caused a decrease in the dry weight and amount of N in the rice plant. 3) The rate of N absorption and exudation by rice plants under NT conditions was more than that under CT conditions at the middle and late growth stages. In addition, the photosynthetic rate of rice plants under NT conditions at the late growth stage was more than that under CT conditions.
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増島 博
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
625-
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佐藤 毅, 渡辺 和彦, 池田 英男, 中山 道憲
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
626-632
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To evaluate the effect of the foliar application of Ca, the absorption and translocation of Ca were measured after ^<45>Ca was supplied to either surface of the lamina, the stem, the node, or the roots of water-cultured tomato seedlings. The absorption and translocation of ^<32>p were also measured for comparison with Ca. We found that : 1) When Ca was supplied to either surface of the lamina, it was well absorbed and translocated only to the distal end in the applied leaf. Ca was not translocated to other plant organs such as roots, stem, upper leaves or shoot apices. On the other hand, more P was absorbed in the lower surface than in the upper surface of the leaf, and absorbed P was well translocated to all parts of the plant. 2) When supplied at the stem, absorption and translocation .to the upper part of the plant was detected more for Ca than P. 3) When supplied at the node, the amount of Ca absorbed and translocated was the largest in comparison with other plant organs and portions, and absorbed Ca was well translocated to the top portion of the plant and immediately above the supplied leaf. Phosphorus was translocated to all parts of the plant, although the amount was not as high as that of Ca. 4) Both Ca and P supplied at the root were translocated to all parts of the plant. The amount of translocation was higher for P than Ca.
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細淵 幸雄, 波多野 隆介, 柴田 英昭, 田中 夕美子
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
633-635
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熊谷 勝巳, 今野 陽一, 黒田 潤, 上野 正夫
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
636-637
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高橋 能彦, 土田 徹, 久保田 勝
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
638-640
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田中 達也, 佐藤 直
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
641-643
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横井 義雄, 長谷川 進, 坂本 亘崇
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
644-648
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山村 光司
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
649-653
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浅見 輝男
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
654-656
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浅見 輝男
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
657-
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原稿種別: 付録等
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
658-
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新田 恒雄
原稿種別: 本文
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
659-
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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原稿種別: 目次
1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
_1_-_5_
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
_1_-_3_
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
App3-
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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1998 年 69 巻 6 号 p.
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