日本土壌肥料学雑誌

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Die Eigenschaft des Bodens, die Loslichkeit von kohlensaurem Kalk in Neutralsalzlosungen zu erhohen, wurde mit den Ergebnissen einiger Methoden zur Bestimmung des Sattigungszustandes verglichen. 1) CaCO_3-NaCl-Methode. Bei humusreichem Boden 12,5 g, sonst 25 g der Probe, werden in einem Becherglas mit 100cc n. NaCl-Losung ubergossen und 1 g CaCO_3 hinzugesetzt, mit einem Uhrglas bedeckt unter ofterem Umruhren auf dem siedenden Wasserbade 1 Std. lang erhitzt und uber Nacht stehen gelassen. Dann wird abfiltriert und der Boden mit 1n. NaCl-Losung ausgewaschen. Es werden die Mengen an CaCO_3 sowohl in 1. Liter Filtrat wie im 2. Liter Filtrat bestimmt. Die austauschfahigen Basen werden in maeq. nach Hissink angegeben. Bedeutet I : das geloste Ca im 1. Liter II : das geloste Ca im 2. Liter L : austauschfahiges Ca S : Summe der austauschfahigen Basen so ist der austauschfahige Wasserstoff [numerical formula] und demgemass der Sattigungsgrad [numerical formula] Nach diesem Verfahren wurden weiter die Gehalt an Ca in dem 3., 4. und 5. Liter Filtrat bestimmt und es wurde gefunden, dass unfruchtbare Boden in dem 2., 3. und 4. Liter Filtrat immer grossere Mengen an Ca als die fruchtbaren enthalten und im Verhaltnis zu ihren h-Werten grossere Mengen von CaCO_3 losen. Es werden ferner das 1., 5., 10., und 20. 100cc Filtrat getrennt gesammelt. Der pH-Wert dieser halten und im Filtrate und der Suspension wurden miteinander verglichen und der pH-Wert der Filtrate stets kleiner als der Suspension ist. Der pH-Wert der gefunden, dass 10. Suspension ist 8,0-8,5. 2) Hydrolytische-Gesamtaziditat-Methode nach Kappen. Die hydrolytische Gesamtaziditat (hg) des Bodens wurde aus dem bei der Bestimmung der hydrolytischen Aziditat mit Hilfe einer normalen Calciumazetatlosung erhaltenen ersten Titrationswert (y_1), durch die Multiplikation mit dem Faktor 6,5 erhalten und dann wurde nach folgender Formel der Sattigungsgrad ausgerechnet : [numerical formula] 3) Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse nach den angegebenen folgendes : In der Regel lieferte die CaCO_3-NaCl-Methode praktisch die gleichen Ergebnisse wie die Hydrolytische-Methode, aber bei humusarmen vulkanischen Boden ergab sie kleinere Sattigungsgrade und zeigte genauer die Eigenschaft uber das Auflosen des CaCO_3 in Gegenwart von Neutralsalz als die Hydrolytische-Methode an. Die Hissink-Methode ergab immer viel kleinere Sattigungsgrade als die anderen beiden Methoden. Die Ergebnisse zeigt die vorstehende Tabelle : (Seite 134)

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STEENKAMP has recently proposed a simple and rapid method for the determination of soil-constituents and the present authors carried out the experiments in order to test its appility and its fittest experimental condition and the summary of the results will to be reported as follows. 1. The quantity of P_2O_5. CaO and MgO are exactly determined by the rapid method. 2. The results of analysis of Fe_2O_3,Al_2O_3 and K_2O are not so exact as above but it was found that even these coustituents, the result will be made fairly reliable under a proper experimental condition. 3. From the present experiments, the authors wish to recommend the rapid analytical method in place of the usual troublesome one.

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This investigation was undertaken as the fundamental studies on the scientific improvement of the soybean plant applied as green manure. The experiment was carried out with the tops and roots at the different stages of grow of soybean, harvested from both the dry-farm and the paddy field ; and the following results were obtained. 1) The nitrogen content was maximum in the plants harvested on the 3 rd or 13th in June. 2) The amounts of water soluble nitrogen and other substance were found in inverse proportion with the age of soybean plant and the pH value was larger at the young stage of growth, and decreased toward the maturity, while the reduction power was contrary to the change of pH value. 3) The carbon and lignin contents were in parallel with the age of soybean plant and other soluble substance decreased at the early stage of growth, and increased afterward. 4) The ash content in the top of soybean increased at the early stage of growth, and decreased afterward, while the change of ash content of the root of soybean was contrary. 5) The decomposition of the top of soybean took place more easily in the harvested plant on the 13 th and 23 rd of June than that of the young stage and was more difficult toward the maturity. The decomposition of root was difficult with the age of soybean plants through the growth. 6) The top of soybean plant decomposed more rapidly than its root. 7) No definite relation was found between the ash content and the rate of decomposition of soybean plants. 8) The carbon-nitrogen ratio seemed to be the most important factor which influence the rate of decomposition of soybean plants as green manure and the importance of carbon-nitrogen ratio in this regard could be understood more clearly if the property of water soluble substance, the amounts of other extract and lignin were considered together.

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In order to ascertain the physiological rolls of potassium upon the growth, yield and the chemical compositions of products of sweet potato, these experiments carried out by the author with the water culture. The materials (variety "Taihaku Saitama No. 1") were cultured in the Wagner's pots, each holding the nutrient solution, which contained different amount of potash salts and was kept approximately the same pH value. The sand box were used for the formation of tuberous roots. The results are summerized as follows : 1) The yields of tuberous roots, leaves and vines paralleld to the concentrations of potash salts in the nutrient solution. 2) The effect of heavy potash supply on the leaves and vines was much larger than that of the tuberous root in a plant. 3) The sugars and starch contents in the vegetative organs of the potassium-deficient plants were markedly lower. 4) The percentage of potassium within the plants was directly proportional to the amount added in the nutrient solutions. 5) The potash-deficient plants contained higher percentages of phosphorus, calcium and iron than the plants supplied with potash salts. 6) The correlations between potassium and calcium or iron were found by the analyse of the vegetative Organs.

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