日本土壌肥料学雑誌

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As a trial to hasten the fermentation of artificial farm-yard manure, two sets of heaps were made, the one being stacked with wheat straw alone and the other with the mixture of wheat and rice straw (1 : 1). To every heap of each set Ca-cyanamide was added at the rate of 2% in series (A) and 3% in (B), otherwise all the heaps received the same treatment. The quantity of the straw per heap was 375 Kg in air dry state. To protect the heaps from wind and rain, this trial was carried out in a shed provided with wall and roof. The results were briefly as follows : [table] Note : The temperature of the central part in each heap was observed daily at 10 o'clock. The atmospheric temperature was also recorded simultaneously, the mean during twenty days from the start (from August, 29 to September, 18,1935) being 24.9℃. Thus we have observed a remarkable difference in intensity of the fermentation according as either the rice straw was mixed or not. This good effect of the rice straw is attributed to its physical nature by which the aeration through the heap was properly regulated : As well known, the rice straw gets quickly in its wet state a flexible and soft texture. Since the wheat straw, on the contrary, is of coarse texture, when it is used alone as the raw material the aeration should necessarily take place excessively, on account of the usual insufficiency of consolidation of heap. The excessive aeration will lead to the restricted heat accumulation in heap. It is especially so when the atmospheric temperature is low and the experiment is done on the small scale as ours. Under these conditions, therefore, it is impossible to expect for the heap to attain a high temperature. Such an objection, however, which is thus caused primarily by the insufficient consolidation, may easily be put aside by the use of the rice straw, resulting in a moderate aeration that will be accompanied by the accumulation of requisite heat. Finally, it is suggested that weedings, grass cuttings, etc. may also be used as well for hastening the fermentation by mixing either with wheat straw or the like.

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著者等(昭和9)は曩にWARBURG氏装置に依り6種の根瘤菌の酸素消費, ヘキソースとペントースの各2種を炭素給源とする場合の酸素消費の差異, 並に外気の酸素含量の相違が酸素消費に及ぼす影響につき報告した。続て菌が呼吸のみを営む場合に外気の酸素含量の影響及び之れに関聯してメチレンブリューの還元を知らむとした, 又外気の炭酸瓦斯含量と本菌の呼吸関係につき実験を進め, 本菌の生化学的研究を行ひつつあるも未だ完結に至らないが二三の実験結果を得たから以下に其の概要を記したい。

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著者はかつて土壌による石灰窒素分解力を試験し, 相当に分解力の大なる土壌にても尚石灰窒素の500倍以上を加へざればヂシアンヂアミドを生成すべきことを報告して注意を促してゐる。然るに従来土壌のシアンアミド分解力を過大視し, 石灰窒素に僅か数倍乃至数十倍の土壌を混和放置したものを作物に施用し, 特に畑作物に悪結果を来たした例は少からず見受けるところである。尤も水稲作の場合には土壌中硝酸化成作用を必要とせず, 且水稲に対してはヂシアンヂアミドの直接害作用も殆ど認められざる故に, 予措的処理に依り単にシアンアミドの大部分を消失せしめ得ればヂシアンヂアミドの生成はその流失に依る肥料経済上の損失となるのみであるから, 石灰窒素を原肥として施用し得ざる事情ある場合に之に如何なる予措的処理を行へば追肥となし得べきかの実際的の問題が生ずるわけである。

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1. The average composition of 48 kinds of fowl excrements which were collected from various districts in Kagawa prefecture is as follows : [table] 2. As seen in the table above mentioned the percentage of water soluble phosphoric acid for total phosphoric acid are respectively 53 and 16.8. 3. Fowl excrement is at once quick and slow as nitrogenous manure, consequently special attention must be taken for its manuring and appreciation.

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