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原稿種別: 表紙
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
App1-_xxv_
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西尾 道徳
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
i-ii
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岡本 保
原稿種別: 本文
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
1-8
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Changes in form, mobility and availability of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) were observed after soil amendment with limed sewage sludge was terminated. Soil plots which had received annual rates of 0,1,2 and 4 kg m^<-2> of sewage sludge between 1979 and 1985 (total of 0,7,14 and 28 kg m^<-2> sludge for 7 y) were then planted annually with spinach (spring) and cabbage (autumn) between 1986 and 1989 (total of 8 crops). The acid fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, was incorporated into the soils at the rate of nitrogen 94 g m^<-2> before the start of each crop. During the years of sludge applications, increasing soil pH, due to the large amount of calcium hydroxide present in the sludge, decreased the mobility and plant availability of the heavy metals. The chemical forms of these metals were present mostly in the carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide fractions. During the years of ammonium sulfate application, the pH in the soil plots decreased and the metals changed to easily exchangeable forms, thereby accelerating their mobilization and plant uptake. On the basis of these results, it appears that the optimum amount of sewage sludge application should be less than 1 kg m^<-2> a year. This rate is similar to that used for organic matter application in Japan, and should maintain soil pH in the range of 6.3 to 6.8
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山本 鎔子, 辰巳 和子, 土崎 尚史, 田中 和明
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
9-17
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Twenty strains which produced geosmin and 2-methy1isoborneol (2-MIB), two major products causing musty odor, were isolated from periphyton of the Tamagawa River. Most of them belonged to fungal species, Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Others were bacteria including actinomycetes. Two of the strains were examined for their productivity of geosmin and 2-MIB. Their productivity was affected by culturing conditions including pH, aeration and nutrients. Furthermore, when they form spores, they produced geosmin and 2-MIB at high levels.
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中辻 敏朗, 松中 照夫, 木曽 誠二
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
18-24
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Soil water flux between the root zone and subsoil in grasslands (orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.) on heavy clay soils, Terrace Brown Forest Soil (Bf, Typic Dystrochrepts) and Haplic Gray Upland Soil (GrU, Typic Epiaquults), was investigated using the water balance method to analyze the role of upward soil water flux in grass growth during a dry period. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The downward soil water flux from the ropt zone (0 to 0.6 m) to the subsoil (below 0.6 m) showed an average rate of 2.1 mm d^<-1> for Bf and 1.9 mm d^<-1> for GrU during the wet period when the available soil moisture content was high. 2) On the contrary, the upward soil water flux from the subsoil appeared and water was supplied to the root zone throughout the dry period when the available soil moisture content was low. The average upward flux for GrU was estimated at 0.4 mm d^<-1> (20% of the evapotranspiration) and the values for GrU were smaller than those for Bf, 1.0 mm d^<-1> (55%). The difference in the upward soil water flux between Bf and GrU was due to the difference in the unsaturated conductivity between the subsoils. 3) The matric suction of the subsoils for both Bf and GrU increased during the period when the upward flux occurred. Stagnant water level in GrU also gradually decreased during the period of a month from early July, along with the appearance of the upward flux. 4) Soil water in the subsoil was important as a source of upward flux for both Bf and GrU. Stagnant water was also especially important for GrU. The presence of the upward flux in grasslands on heavy clay soils seemed to be one of the significant factors which control grass growth under drought conditions.
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八尾 泰子, 松原 健次, 高橋 達人
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
25-32
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Solubility and crop response of potassium silicate fertilizer produced in the steelmaking process were investigated. Potassium silicate fertilizer contained potassium in slowly released form, which was made of the silicic acid in steelmaking slag and additional potassium carbonate. Tests with four potassium silicate fertilizers showed that the amount of water-soluble potassium (W-K_2O) was different although the amount of weak acid soluble potassium (C-K_2O) was almost equal. Increasing the W-K_2O of the fertilizers raised the solubility of potassium in distilled water and weak acid (2% ammonium citrate solution, pH 4.5). The dry matter production and amount of potassium uptake by crops were also related to increasing the solubility of potassium in weak acid solution. These results confirmed that the solubility of potassium in 2% ammonium citrate solution was important to decide fertilizer effectiveness. The response of crops to potassium silicate fertilizer produced with the steelmaking slag in terms of growth and dry matter production was as effective as commercial potassium silicate fertilizers. These results indicated that the potassium silicate fertilizer produced with the steelmaking slag could supply potassium and silicic acid in slow form to crops and increase the growth of crops.
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建部 雅子, 細田 洋一, 笠原 賢明, 唐澤 敏彦
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
33-40
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Fluid analysis is an effective method to diagnose the nutrition of field crops to determine the fertilizer application for stable yield, high quality and low load on the environment. We conducted field experiments using potato to determine the fluid properties of leaf petiole and the optimum values of nitrogen and phosphorus diagnosis for potato. The fluid was extracted using a garlic squeezer after cutting the leaf petiole. The contents of nitrate nitrogen (NO_3-N) and inorganic phosphorus (P) in the fluid were measured. 1. The weight ratios of the extracted fluid to the leaf petiole were 0.22-0.37. NO_3-N concentration in the petiole fluid was nearly the same as that in the leaf petiole, but inorganic P concentration in the petiole fluid was lower than that in the leaf petiole. 2. NO_3-N and inorganic P concentrations in the fluid well reflected the plant nutritional status of nitrogen and phosphorus, because they were highly correlated with the total N and P contents in the plant top, respectively. NO_3-N concentration in the fluid reflected the amount of applied N at the bud sprouting stage and flowering stage, and inorganic P concentration in the fluid reflected the amount of applied P only at the bud sprouting stage. 3. For sufficient yield and quality, the optimum value of the NO_3-N concentration in the fluid of leaf petiole at the bud sprouting stage was 1.3-1.5 g L^<-1> and that of inorganic P was about 100 mg L^<-1>.
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南雲 俊之, 波多野 隆介
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
41-48
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The quality of stream water during the snow-melting season results in both beneficial 'spring bloom' and harmful eutrophication. In this study, regional features of total nitrogen and phosphorus, and dissolved-silicate concentraion in stream water during the snow-melting season was characterized by land use and soil conditions in Hokkaido. Total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of stream water were below environmental criteria, that is 1 mg L^<-1> and 0.1 mg L^<-1>, respectively, in most areas of Hokkaido. However, the concentrations above those criseria were observed in particular cases such as Funka Bay and the surrounding area in southern Hokkaido, followed by the Tokachi, Kitami and Abashiri areas with upland cropping and livestock husbandry. On the other hand, silicate concentration, which corresponded to soil conditions, was higher in the areas with weathered volcanic-ash soil followed by those less weathered, whereas it was lower in the areas with lowland soils including peat soils. The mol mol^<-1> ratios of silica to total nitrogen or phosphorus concentration (Si/T-N and Si/T-P) of stream water were thought to be useful indicators in judging the effect of eutrophication in the coastal sea during the snow-melting season. Funka Bay and the surrounding area, southern Hokkaido, where both Si/T-N and Si/T-P ratios expressed the condition stimulating flagellates (non-siliceous phytoplankton) and undesirab1e impact had actually been observed, was identified to be most harmful area. It is, therefore, also indicated that the effect of eutrophication in the aquasphere is different due to soil conditions even if there was the same nutrient load.
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高橋 尚, 佐々木 勝徳, 大越 秀樹, 小島 邦彦, 三枝 正彦
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
49-55
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1) We used the Al-sensitive carrot cultivar Kuroda 5 sun and cultured cell selection using Al-phoshate media of different pHs to produce S_1 lines from regenerated plants. 2) We selected Al-tolerant lines by growing in Kawatabi Soil (acidic non-allophanic andosol). From the pH 5.0 selection, we obtained three lines (Nos.63,65,77) which were more Al-tolerant than their original cultivar Kuroda 5 sun. 3) Using a visual detection method for Al tolerance level in the plant root by decoloring filter paper stained by hematoxylin and HPLC analysis, we investigated the exudation of organic acid. Consequently, the citric acid was exuded from the Al-treated roots of these lines. It became clear that there existed three types of local variation in citric acid exudation in the carrot root of young plant : the first is root tip type (No.77), the second is root base type (No.63) and the third is overall root type (No.65). 4) The aluminum tolerance mechanism in carrot is the detoxification of Al by chelating citric acid exuded from the root. In the case the region of citric acid exudation is limited to only one part, there is a possibility of the inhibition of elongation or the expansion of root occuring. These may cause insufficient enlargement of the root or abnormal root growth. Therefore, if the breeding of Al tolerance in a root crop such as carrot is started, it is necessary to make selections for the lines or cultivars that have an Al tolerance mechanism where organic acid is exuded from all areas of the root in response to Al.
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前川 和正, 渡辺 和彦, 相野 公孝, 岩本 豊
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
56-62
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We examined how to suppress seedling blast in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through the application of some silicic acid materials in nursery boxes. The results were as follows : 1. Two-hundred-fifty grams of silica gel reagent or 3 g (SiO_2 ingredient) of potassium silicate solution reagent per nursery box were the most and second most effective, respectively, of the 6 materials for suppressing seedling blast. 2. The content of silicic acid in the stem and leaf after applying 250 g of silica gel reagent or 3 g of potassium silicate solution reagent were 76 g kg^<-1> (4.5 times as much silicic acid as without any application) and 39 g kg^<-1> (2.3 times as high), respectively. Although the amount of silicic acid in the stem and leaf was not as much when the 3 g of potassium silicate solution reagent was applied, it was comparatively effective in suppressing seedling blast. 3. In nursery boxes, where 200 or 250 g of silica get fertilizer was applied, the occurrence of seedling blast was suppressed to about 10% of that of the untreated nursery boxes. In nursery boxes where 12 g of potassium silicate solution reagent was applied, the occurrence of seedling blast was suppressed to about 12.7% of that of the untreated nursery boxes. 4. From the above results we concluded that treatment of these silicic acid materials in nursery boxes is an effective way to suppress seedling blast in nursery boxes and is acceptable for the substitution of fungicides like tricyclazole.
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田中 啓文, 礒井 俊行, 幡井 健太郎
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
63-68
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Experiments on the solubilization of slightly soluble phosphate in the rhizosphere by organic acids secreted from wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) were performed and the following results were obtained. 1) Solubilization of aluminum and ferric phosphate by the extracts from the rhizosphere soil of wheat seedlings grown in Akadama soil (reddish soil located under volcanic ash soil, treated by 800℃) was confirmed. The lower the phosphate level in the soil where the wheat was grown, the more phosphate was so1ubi1ized by the extract from the rhizosphere soil. 2) Organic acids in the rhizosphere soil extract were identified as oxalate, citrate, malate and fumarate by liquid chromatography. Malate showed the highest amount among the organic acids detected. 3) The effluent from the soil column containing malate contained more aluminum and ferric ions in the earlier fractions, and then the content decreased with the gradual increase of phosphate. 4) Competition assay with hematoxylin suggested the formation of a chelate compound of aluminum in the soil with organic acids secreted from the roots and release of phosphate from aluminum phosphate. It was concluded that organic acids secreted from wheat seedlings reacted with aluminum in the rhizosphere soil and released phosphate from aluminum phosphate.
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金子 文宜
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
68-
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南條 正巳, 大張 靖幸, 菅野 均志, 山崎 愼一
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
69-76
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The effect of polyolefin coating on phosphorus (P) efficiency of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) in uncultivated Non-allophanic Andosol was examined using a/2000 pots in which a place for P transport from the fertilizer was set up. The place for P transport was made of unmatured lowland soil with low P fixing capacity, and its volume was 15×5×3cm, occupying about 3% of the total volume of Non-allophanic Andosol in the pot. Both dry matter yield and P uptake of Dent Corn plants were 1.3 times higher in the pots with 1.4 g P_2O_5 of polyolefin-coated (POC) MAP than in the pots with the same amount of uncoated MAP. However, the P uptake was not improved without the place for P transport even when POC-MAP was used in the uncultivated Non-allophanic Andosol. When 2.8 g P_2O_5 of POC-MAP was applied to the place for P transport, the dry matter yield was almost the same with that obtained in ordinary fields. The P_2O_5 rate of 2.8 g for one Dent Corn plant corresponds to that of 200 kg P_2O_5 per ha, and is a great reduction of P fertilizer considering that the soil was uncultivated Non-allophanic Andosol having a high P fixing capacity. However, P uptake was two-thirds of that in the ordinary fields and P efficiency by the subtraction method was 14%. Further improvement in P efficiency is desired.
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岡元 満美, 津村 昭人, 山口 武則, 牛久保 明邦
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
77-80
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杉山 泰之, 大城 晃
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
81-84
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浦嶋 泰文, 須賀 有子, 福永 亜矢子, 堀 兼明
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
85-87
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小管 佐代子, 山田 ゆき, 東 隆夫, 三枝 正彦
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
88-91
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進藤 晴夫, 島田 みさと
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
92-95
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松本 静治, 吉川 正巳
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
96-99
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荒木 雅登, 兼子 明, 末信 真二
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
100-103
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佐藤 紀男
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
104-107
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長縄 貴彦, 小崎 隆
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
108-113
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阿江 教治, 松本 真悟, 山縣 真人
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
114-120
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林 浩昭, 江口 哲也
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
121-126
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西尾 道徳
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
127-
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西尾 道徳
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
128-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
129-135
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原稿種別: 付録等
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
136-
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
136-
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
137-
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原稿種別: 付録等
2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
137-139
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上野 正夫
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
140-
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
141-
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
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2001 年 72 巻 1 号 p.
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