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Volume 62 (1987)
- Issue 6 Pages 479-
- Issue 5 Pages 375-
- Issue 4 Pages 283-
- Issue 3 Pages 189-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 21-
Volume 62, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Homara KUWANA, Kayo TANAKA1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 283-289
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn acetate-independent, pyruvate kinase-positive revertant, m 570 R 3 a, was obtained from an acetate-requiring, pyruvate kinase-negative ace-8 mutant strain. This revertant appears to be derived from a secondary mutation in the ace-8 gene. Ion-exchange chromatography of the extracts from both the wild type strain, KGa, and the revertant strain, m 570 R 3 a, shows that pyruvate kinases of these strains are different in electric charge. This was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of these two samples. The Km values of the enzyme from both strains for the substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate, are also different. Molecular weight of the subunit of pyruvate kinase from both strains was the same and estimated as 65, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel elecrophoresis with gradient concentrations of 8-25% polyacrylamide. These data show that pyruvate kinase of the revertant strain is qualitatively different from that of the wild type strain, and suggest that the ace-8 gene is the structural gene of pyruvate kinase of Neurospora crassa.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Hisashi TSUJIMOTO, Ivan PANAYOTOV, Koichiro TSUNEWAKI1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 291-299
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAll the alloplasmic common wheat lines having Agropyron trichophorum cytoplasm were found to carry one extra submetacentric or telocentric chromosome although they had been backcrossed seven times with common wheat as the pollen parent. Behavior of the extra chromosome and its interaction with the A, trichophorum cytoplasm were studied. A, trichophorum cytoplasm was found to induce seed shriveling and severe vigor reduction in common wheat. The extra chromosome originating from A, trichophorum carries a gene(s) for complete restoration of seed plumpness and normal plant vigor. Conscious selection of plump seeds and vigorous plants for backcrossing has resulted in the preferential transmission of the A. trichophorum chromosome in the present alloplasmic lines.View full abstractDownload PDF (1148K) -
Saburo NAWA, Yoshio SANO, Masa-Aki YAMADA, Taro FUJII1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 301-314
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo supercoiled circular DNAs, B-1 and B-2, found in mitochondria of cytoplasmic male sterile rice were cloned into pUC 12. Using these plasmids as probes, we examined the organization of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA with respect to sequences homologous to B-1 and B-2. Strains of rice which exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) contained the two free plasmids not only in the mitochondrial fraction, but also in the nuclear fraction as open circular forms. These DNAs were no longer apparent in preparations of either mitochondrial or nuclear DNA from cytoplasmically reverted strains which were generated by treatment of a cms strain with EMS. Hybridization with restriction fragments revealed the presence of various sequences homologous to B-1 and B-2 in the mitochondrial genomic DNA of high molecular weight and also in the nuclear chromosomal DNA, both in cms strains and in the normal strain. However, the patterns of hybridization of restriction fragments from the cms strains and the normal strain were clearly different. The reversion to fertility resulted in not only the loss of the free plasmids, but also the disappearance or reduction in levels of some of the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences homologous to B-1 and B-2, as well as the appearance of new, nuclear, homologous sequences which were not present in the original cms strain, so that the revertant strain had the same characteristics as the normal strain. Involvement of the free plasmids and rearrangements of mitochondrial or nuclear DNA in the etiology of cytoplasmic male sterility are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2347K) -
Toshihiko TANIGUCHI, Susumu TAKAYAMA1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 315-324
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPolytene chromosomes isolated from Chironomus salivary gland cells were processed with the OSO4/TCH technique and examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mainly using stereo techniques. When chromosomes were somewhat extended for preparation, band and interband regions became clearly visible. The bands appear to be dense masses of kinky fibers while the interband regions consist of the 30nm chromatin fibers. On the other hand, in less extended chromosomes where band and interband regions were less distinctive, most of the component fibers appear to have coiled configurations and their diameters range 150 to more than 200nm. We conclude, therefore, that the natural chromonemata of the polytene chromosomes are about 200nm in diameter rather 30nm even in the interband regions. The polytene chromosomes seem to have a cable-like structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (1785K) -
Kimitaka YAKURA, Atsushi KATO, Shigeyuki TANIFUJI1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 325-332
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological localization of one of the highly repeated DNA sequences of Vicia faba, the FokI repeat sequence family, was determined by in situ hybridization. This sequence family was described in our previous paper (Kato et al. 1984) as tandem arrays of 59bp unit sequences. The distribution pattern of silver grains showed that the FokI family sequences are exclusively localized in certain median regions in the long arms of all five pairs of the subtelocentric (S) chromosomes, but are not found in any portions in the metacentric (M) chromosomes. These median regions in the S long arms correspond closely to the positions of C-band heterochromatin revealed by preferential Giemsa staining. Since M chromosomes also possess C-bands, the absence of the FokI repeat sequences in the M chromosomes indicates that V. faba C-band heterochromatin consists of at least two different DNA sequences. V. faba chromosomes also contain other repetitive sequences, which have been characterized as the 250, 850, 900, 990, 1150, 1500 and 1750 by BamHI sequence families (Kato et al. 1985). In situ hybridization with nicktranslated 250 and 1500bp BamHI family sequences indicated that these repeated sequences are generally spread all over the chromosomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1018K) -
III. Genetic analysis of mutants for storage proteins of protein bodies in the starchy endospermToshihiro KUMAMARU, Hikaru SATOH, Nobuo IWATA, Takeshi OMURA, Masahiro ...1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 333-339
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo mutants for rice storage protein in the starchy endosperm, 13b-L and 57-H, were crossed with their original variety, Kinmaze. From the results obtained in the F1 and F2 seeds, it was concluded that 13b-L and 57-H are controlled by single recessive genes, which were designated as esp-1 and esp-2, respectively. The SDS-PAGE indicates that both mutant genes are regulatory genes for the protein bodies. The segregation ratio in F2 of the cross between esp-1 and trisomic type F and the cross between esp-2 and trisomic type G fitted that of a trisomic segregation. These results suggest that esp-1 and esp-2 are located on chromosomes 10 and 9, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Shin-ichi SONTA, Nobuko NARITA, Kazuyo KITAYAMA1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 341-348
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOut of 112 offspring obtained from crosses between X-irradiated males and non-irradiated females, nineteen had chromosome abnormalities. There were 11 reciprocal translocations between autosomes, two inversions, two complex translocations, one deletion of Xq, one isochromosome of Xq, one marker chromosome and one numerical abnormality (23, XXX). The marker chromosome was chromosome 6 bearing an extra segment on the short arm. Among animals with these rearrangements, two males with complex translocations, a female with a deletion of Xq and a female with an isochromosome of Xq, were sterile. On the other hand, the 23, XXX female was fertile, but all the offspring were karyotypically normal (22, XX or XY). Among offspring of other fertile animals, male and female heterozygotes with the same chromosome rearrangements as the parents were all fertile. Strains with these chromosome rearrangements are presently maintained by the authors. These animals serve as useful materials for various cytogenetic studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (956K) -
Fuyuo HIHARA1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 349-361
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA case of somatic defect due to apparent P-M hybrid dysgenesis was found; developmental retardation and the death was observed in the hybrid females derived from crosses of C (1) DX (M type) females and males of the specific P lines. One of these P lines was Cy/Pm maintained in our laboratory. The others were derived from crosses between ebony (M type) females and Cy/Pm males, allowing the chance of transposition of P elements from the Cy to the ebony-derived chromosomes. The developmental retardation of hybrid females as measured by the sex ratio was positively correlated with GD sterility and snw mutability. Hybrid females originated from the other M×P crosses did not shows such a somatic effect. The developmental retardation in dysgenic females appeared to proceed the larval and pupal stages, while GD sterility takes place during the embryonic stage. Female lethality as a result of developmental retardation increased proportional to increasing developmental temperature of dysgenic females. However, a critical threshold of temperature as known in GD sterility was not observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1393K) -
Hirofumi MOROTA, Hirofumi UCHIMIYA1987 Volume 62 Issue 4 Pages 363-368
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: July 25, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntensive studies were carried out to rule out the integration manner of foreign DNA in the genome of transformed cell lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which had been obtained from protoplasts treated with bacterial plasmids. A common portion (>ca. 7kbp) of the vector, pCT2T3 (18.3kbp) containing two marker genes; a chimeric kanamycin resistant gene and nopaline synthase gene was detected in two transformed cell lines. Stable maintenance of inserted DNA was demonstrated in one year-old-cells kept in either selective or non-selective medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K)
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