景観の重要性が認識され始めた昨今であるが, その解析の対象となっているのはある晴れた高視程の日の景観モデルがほとんどである。ところが小林がまとめたように晴れた日より雨や雪の景観が重要視されることもあり, これらの日の景観解析を行う必要性の高いことを示している。しかし従来の方法では, 実現象に忠実な景観シミュレーションは非常に困難であった。この点より本論文では雨や雪などの現象による遠景景観の変化を, 物理現象に忠実に再現できる手法を開発した。

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Remotely sensed data from satellites are very useful for the global measurement and analysis of the Earth environment and meteorogical changes. For instance, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), calculated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data of NOAA satellites, has been widely used in monitoring the changes in lands covered by vegetation.
However, it is difficult to estimate the exact values and changes of the NDVI because the remotely sensed data are affected by many radiometric factors.
In the case of the elimination of these effects which were presented in the Thematic Mapper (TM) data of LANDSAT satellite, a relative correction method has already been proposed.
In our study, the method has been extended and applied to the AVHRR data, and the availability of this method for observation of vegetation changes has been discussed.

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通常, 最尤法による土地被覆分類においては, 各土地被覆カテゴリーの事前確率は等確率であるという仮定が便宜的に用いられている。しかし, 等確率の事前確率を仮定するよりも重み付きの事前確率を仮定する方が, 高い分類精度が得られるという報告がある。
そこで, 本研究では, 混合画素データのカテゴリー分解の考えを解析対象領域全体の分光ベクトルの平均値と分散に応用し, 解析対象領域内の各土地被覆カテゴリーの事前確率 (面積率) の推定を試みた。そして, その推定された事前確率をベイズの土地被覆分類法に導入し, 土地被覆分類精度向上を確認した。

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In order to observe the status of earth's nature and human activity, we are able to utilize the sensor data onboard the orbiting satellite platform with high resolution. It is well known that remotely sensed data have quite unique character of quick, repeat, cheap and reliance, which reflect the features of earth's surface. This technique is often utilized for some of exploration stages such as petroleum and metal mining resources.
JERS-1 SAR data were taken over disastered area before and after the Hyogoken Nanbu Earthquake, and generated interferrogram showing crustal deformation pattern. Also, we have derived lineament map from SPOT HRV data to compare with the pattern of interferrogram.
This paper describing the effectiveness of new concept the usage of lineament pattern. Because, extracted plenty of lineaments from satellite image suppose to be more efficient to detect surface movement occurred by crustal deformation.

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A big earthquake hit Kobe and North Awaji to kill over 5, 000 people and to damage many constructions. We received many satellite image data and the related information taken around the date of the earthquake. The high resolution data transfer from the data distribution organization to the end-user was so fast within three days after the earthquake at the fastest case, and within about one month mostly. The analytical procedure in the laboratory delayed because of the many tasks for the data preprocessing. We need more than half a day for the output of one scene even to make the simple hard copy for the visual interpretation. The worst problem in images is the invisible ground surface caused by clouds, foggy or humid atmosphere, or microwave noise. Even SAR data had some noisy invisible parts. Usually geologists do not use the image data which include the saturated white noisy stripes on some parts of the scene caused by some artificial source on the ground. Many of the optical sensors like MESSR and SPOT were not so useful in the cloudy condition. JERS-OPS stereoscopic image data can not provide the useful analysis around the active fault. SPOT satellite data frequently used for the initial analysis because of the higher resolution and the quick delivery as the satellite-born data. The dynamic range of SPOT data are not enough to analyze the surface structure. The interferometric data of paired SAR data help the centimeter order analysis of surface topographic change in regional view. TM data provided lower ground resolution but the higher dynamic range is interested in looking at the regional structure of active faults. The best resolution can be taken in the image of INTER COSMOS KV-1000 that provides the detailed interpretation of the road and other artificial constructions or automobiles, though the dynamic range in the mountain region of the image were very low in the value. Comparative study of JERS-SAR and LANDSAT-TM images suggests that the earthquake faults are very clear in the continuity and the contrast in images but other lines and circle-like structures of valley are not much concordant to each other. The discordant of the extracted structure between SAR and TM is caused by the different direction of sunlught and microwave illumination with about 45 degree difference of direction. It is also suggested that the dynamic range of the brightness of images is much more important and useful specification to analyze the structure in images than the higher ground resolution.

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