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Tatsuo OHYA, Masanori KUBO, Hiroshi WATASE
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
971-976
Published: October 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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A serotyping scheme for Campylobacter mucosalis based on agglutination test using microplate with formalin-treated cells was developed. Antisera were absorbed with homologous heated and heterologous unheated cross-reactive antigens. Among 717 isolates from lesion of proliferative enteritis in swine, seven new serotypes were recognized in addition to known serotypes A, B and C. Of the 717 isolates 596 strains were serotype A. One strain and 14 strains were classified into serotype B and serotypt C, respectively. Other 106 isolates proved to belong to seven new serotypes. It was suggested that there exist at least ten serotypes among C. mucosalis.
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Yoshihide SASAKI, Hitoshi KITAGAWA, Katsuya ISHIHARA, Midori MORI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
977-984
Published: October 15, 1988
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Pathological findings following milbemycin D (Milbe) administration were examined in 54 dogs. No significant changes were seen in the uninfected group (9 dogs). In microfilaria (mf)-positive group (22 dogs), yellowish-brown spots in the liver, splenomegaly, and reddish-brown spots in the lungs were seen on macroscopic examination, and inflammatory reactions phagocytizing the microfilariae by macrophage were noted in the liver, lungs, spleen and heart on the microscopie examination. These lesions were observed with almost the same frequcncy and severity in the shock-like (7 dogs) and caval syndrome (22 dogs) groups. Howcver, they showed a lower rate and slighter degree in the mf-negative group (11 dogs). To examine the correlation of hepatic lesions and microfilariae, hepatic biopsics and calculations of circulating microfilariae were performed with time in 3 dogs. The number of circulating microfilariae was markedly reduced by 6 hr after administration. Microfilariae in the sinusoid increased in number at 3 hr after administration, neutrophils adhered to microfilariae at 6 hr, macrophages infiltrated around microfilariae and focal necroses containing microfilariae were observed in parenchyma at 9 hr, and macrophage masses were formed at 12 hr.
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Toshiya OKADA, Yoshio MORIKAWA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
985-989
Published: October 15, 1988
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Development of the fetal kidney was studied histometrically following ligation of both ureters of pregnant rats. The operation was performed on day 15, 17, 19 or 21 of gestation, and autopsy was made one day later. In all experimental periods, this operation caused significant changes in neither the "fetal kidney/body" weight ratio nor the size of fetal glomeruli, but induced a significant increase in the number of immature glomeruli per unit renal volume (1 mm
3) on day 16 and in the number of mature glomeruli on days 20 and 22 of gestation. It is concluded that the maternal bilateral ureteral ligation does not interfere with the growth of the fetal kidney, but can accelerate fetal glomerular neogenesis and maturation according to the time of operation.
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Masayoshi KUWAHARA, Hisashi HIROSE, Shigeru SUGANO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
990-995
Published: October 15, 1988
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The changes with growth in the intrinsic cardiovascular functions of piglets between the ages of 2 and 12 weeks were investigated by recording simultaneously the heart rate, femoral arterial pressure, right and left intraventricular pressure, left intraventricular dP/dt, aortic flow and stroke volume before and after autonomic blockade under anesthesia with halothane. The values in cardiovascular function increased with body weight through the growing stage examined in this study, regardless of autonomic blockade. The intrinsic cardiovascular function of piglets during the growth process was regulated sympathetically in all the parameters except for stroke volume, which might be regulated autonomically through the Frank-Starling mechanism rather than autonomic nervous system.
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Hiroyuki IWATA, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
996-1002
Published: October 15, 1988
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α
1-acid glycoprotein (α
1AGP) in bovine lymphocytes was detected by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test on approximately 90% of peripheral blood lymphocytes as well as lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleens. α
1AGP isolated from bovine lymphocytes revealed the consequent 5 spots in an acid portion (pI 3.5-4.5) with molecular weight (M. W.) 27, 000 to 39, 000 daltons on two dimensional gel electrophoresis. α
1AGP obtained from the supernatant of lymphocytes cultured with bovine interleukin 2 (IL-2) showed the consequent 3 spots with pI 3.5-4.0 and M. W. 29, 000-36, 000 daltons. The α
1AGP concentration in non-stimulated lymphocyte was found to be 21ng/10
6 cells by radioimmunoassay. The α
1AGP levels in lymphocytes cultured with IL-2, concanavaline A, and pokeweed mitogen were increased from the level in non-stimulated cells to 78, 58, 69 ng/10
6 cells on day 4, respectively. Furthermore, the α
1AGP level was as high as 90 ng/10
6 cells in lymphocytes cultured with IL-2 for 35 days. α
1AGP was detected in culture supernatants of lymphocytes with IL-2 and not with above mentioned mitogens. From these results, bovine α
1AGP was confirmed to be synthesized in lymphocytes, and much more actively produced in lymphocytes stimulated with IL-2.
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Hideki HAYASHIDANI, Yoshiro OMI, Masuo OGAWA, Kazuo FUKUTOMI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1003-1008
Published: October 15, 1988
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Based on the Chiang's method, the life table for dogs was constructed from the death data composed on 4915 dogs. They died in the Kanto area and were buried in an animal cemetery in Tokyo from June 1981 through May 1982. This life table seems to be the first one for domestic pet dogs. A fundamental pattern of probability of dying for dogs, which is the base of a life table, is similar to that for man. Therefore, this life table for dogs seems to present the mortality and survival experience of the current population of the dogs accurately. The expectation of life for dogs was 8.3 years at age 0, 8.6 years at age 1, 6.1 years at age 5, 3.5 years at age 10, and 1.6 years at age 15. The expectation of life at age 1 (e
1) seems to be more suitable indicator of health of dogs than that at age 0 (e
0), because the e
0 is more sensitive to an artificial influence by the dog's owner than e
1. The life table was constructed for different breeds and localities. Comparing the e
1 of two populations divided into breeds and localities, there were significant differences in the e
1 among different breeds and localities. These facts suggest the existence of some factors which may influence the life span of dogs among different breeds and localities.
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Satoshi FUKUDA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1009-1016
Published: October 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Calcification and fractures of costal cartilages were investigated in beagle dogs of both sexes aged from 3 months to 15 3/4 years. By soft x-ray radiography, calcification and minute fractures of costal cartilages were already observed at 6 months of age regardless of sexes, with a subsequent development with age. Complete fractures were frequently observed in dogs aged more than 11 years. By the analysis of four costal cartilages (1st, 5th, 9th, 12th or 13th), it was demonstrated that after 6 months of age the water content decreased rapidly together with marked increase in the organic matrix, ash, calcium and phosphorus contents. Histological examination of undecalcified specimens revealed that the matrix in the central zones was already calcified and minute fractures therein occurred at 6 months of age. These changes gradually expanded from the central to the peripheral zone with age. At 9 months of age, the calcified cartilage altered to an osseous tissue similar to that of trabecular bones, showing a normal histomorphological dynamics thereafter. It is concluded that the observed sequence of calcification and fracture of costal cartilage is a normal and age-related change which occurs after 6 months of age.
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Yasuaki SHIMADA, Hiromu KATAMOTO, Shiro ISHIDA, Kouji KOBAYASHI, Hiroy ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1017-1024
Published: October 15, 1988
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Bovine fat necrosis is frequently observed in Japanese Black cattle. In an attempt to treat fat necrosis, we found remarkable therapeutic effect of isoprothiolane, an analogous compound of malotilate, which is applied to hepato-cirrhosis of man. Fifty-one Japanese Black cattle with subclinical fat necrosis were examined by rectal palpation. They were given orally a daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of isoprothiolane for 8 weeks. Twelve weeks after initiation of medication, separated or disintegrated, softened and diminished masses of necrotic tissue were noticed or even disappeared in 35 cattle (68.5%). Of 22 medicated cattle examined one year after the initiation of medication, 21 cattle (99.5%) showed a remarkable reduction of foci in size or disappearance of the necrotic tissue. Decrease of free fatty acid and triglyceride and slight increase of phospholipid and total cholesterol in sera were recognized after treatment. These results indicate that isoprothiolane is effective for clinical use in treating bovine fat necrosis.
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Makoto TANABE, Naotaka ISHIGURO, Morikazu SHINAGAWA, Gihei SATO, Nobor ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1025-1034
Published: October 15, 1988
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In 1979-1982, numerous outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by multiresistant Salmonella typhimurium occurred in feedlot calves in Tokachi district, Japan. Salmonella strains isolated in 11 years from 1975 to 1985 in this area were examined for analysis of the epidemic. Of a total of 574 strains, 569 (99.1%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics and resistance to 4 and 5 antimicrobial agents [ampicillin (Ap), streptomycin (Sm), sulfadimethoxine (Su) and tetracycline with or without kanamycin] was prevalent during the epidemic from 1979 to 1982. Plasmid profile analysis classified the strains into 4 plasmid patterns (PP); I. II, I+II and III. It revealed that the strain with PP II was closely associated with the multiresistance to 4 and 5 antimicrobial agents and was responsible for the epidemic. Characterization of plasmids showed that the epidemic strain (PP II) carried three non-conjugative R plasmids (60, 5.0 and 3.9 megadalton [Md]) but the resident strain (PP I) in this area since 1975 harbored conjugative R plasmid of Inc H1 (120 Md) or Iα (60 Md) or both. After the epidemic, strain of PP III (60, 5.5, 3.9 and 2.0 Md) which had no relationship with other plasmid patterns appeared. Small-sized R plasmids were detected by transformation experiment: 5.0 Md plasmid (Ap-resistance) and 3.9 (Su) in PP II and I+II; 5.5 (SmSu) and 2.0 (Ap) in PP III. These results suggested that the clone of S. typhimurium introduced into Tokachi district in 1979 was spread and caused an epidemic of S. typhimurium infection in calf population.
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Sadao NOGAMI, Yoshihiro HAYASHI, Michisato MURATA, Kazuhide NAKAGAKI, ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1035-1039
Published: October 15, 1988
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Experiments were performed to know whether immunity to microfilariae (mf) is effective to the protection against infection with infective larvae (L
3) of Litomosoides carinii in Mastomys natalensis. Animals were immunized subcutaneously with 5×10
5 live mf at two week intervals for six times. Mf in peripheral blood were detected on the following day of subcutaneous inoculation, and mf density increased gradually during five weeks. The mf density in the blood began to decline from five weeks and four of 8 animals became amicrofilaremic after six weeks. Immunofluorescence revealed that these immunized individuals developed antibodies not only against mf but also against both L
3 and adult worms. Beginning at 11 weeks after initiation of immunization, animals received the challenge infection with L
3, and the protective effect induced by mf immunization was examined by the worm recovery three and 14 weeks after challenge infection. There was no suppressive effect of immunization with live mf to the challenge infection as determined by recoveries of developing and adult worms. These results indicated that protective immunity induced by mf immunization was stage-specific and not effective against L
3 to adult stage worms of L. carinii in M. natalensis.
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Yosaburo OTAKI, Masanori TAJIMA, Kazuko SAITO, Yoshitoshi NOMURA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1040-1047
Published: October 15, 1988
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In order to elucidate the depressive effect of chicken anemia agent (CAA) infection on vaccinal immunity of turkey herpesvirus (HVT), cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were studied in chicks inoculated either with chick-passaged CAA alone or with CAA and Marek's disease virus (MDV) or HVT. The response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation of splenic lymphocytes from chicks inoculated with chick-passaged CAA at one or seven days of age was significantly depressed on day 12 to 13 postinoculation (PI), but not on day 19 PI. Chicks inoculated with CAA at 14 days of age showed no significantly greater response to PHA. The response was more markedly depressed in chicks dually inoculated with CAA and MDV or HVT than in chicks receiving CAA alone. Serum immunoglobulin levels were apparently normal or relatively low in chicks inoculated with MDV alone or in combination with CAA at one day of age. In contrast, chicks inoculated with HVT at one day of age and/or CAA at one or seven days of age as well as chicks inoculated with MDV at one day of age followed seven days later by CAA inoculation exhibited elevated serum immunoglobulin levels. The production of antibody against HVT was temporarily depressed by CAA infection.
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Susumu TATEYAMA, Isao SHIBATA, Ryoji YAMAGUCHI, Dai NOSAKA, Hirozo ASH ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1048-1054
Published: October 15, 1988
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Myofibroblasts were observed at sites of connective tissue proliferation in 17 cases of feline mammary carcinoma (15 adenocarcinomas and 2 solid carcinomas). The cytoplasm of these cells appeared bright red with Mallory-azan stain and dark blue with levanol fast cyanin 5RN, indicating the presence of contractile protein. The appearance of these cells by electron microscopy agreed with other reports on myofibroblasts: indented nuclei, remarkable accumulation of microfilaments in the cytoplasm, organization of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes on the cell surface and the formation of a basement membrane-like structure. Such myofibroblasts were found in both the interstitial connective tissue and fibrous capsule, and in some cases they showed widespread proliferation in the stroma having a myomatous appearance. On the other hand, they could not be detected at the sites of invasion in some cases. These morphological features suggest that the organization and participation of myofibroblasts may be of particular significance, i.e., reaction to tumor cells or transformation together with tumor cells, in feline mammary carcinoma.
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Shinji KAMIYA, Masayuki DAIGO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1055-1059
Published: October 15, 1988
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The relationship between glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and the pregnancy-induced sclerosis of the bovine uterine artery was histochemically studied. Both sulfated and non-sulfated GAG were observed in the arteries. As advancing the intimal thickening and elastosis, GAG seemed to increase in amount in the thickened intima and the inner half of the media. Digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase slightly altered the alcian blue stainability of the uterine arteries, whereas digestion with chondroitinase ABC apparently reduced the alcianophilia of the arteries. It is, therefore, assumed that the sulfated GAG such as chondroitin sulfates might correlate with advancing the pregnancy-induced sclerosis.
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Kunihiro SHINAGAWA, Kiyoshi TANABAYASHI, Yoshiaki KOGURE, Naonori MATU ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1060-1064
Published: October 15, 1988
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A total of 575 samples of raw milk from tank lorries (193 samples), dairy farms (150), individual cows (68) on three farms and individual teats (164) of cows on four farms was examined quantitatively for Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of S. aureus in raw milk increased from cow teats (13.4%), through individual cows (51.5%) and dairy farms (34.7%) to the final step in tank lorries (94.3%). The population of S. aureus, however, did not vary significantly along the chain of milk distribution from the dairy farm to the milk plant. Fifty-two (36.6%) of the 142 strains isolated from raw milk produced one or more enterotoxins. Types VII (27.5%), II (22.5%) and III (18.3%) were dominant among coagulase types I through VIII.
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Hiroyoshi NINOMIYA, Tsunenori NAKAMURA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1065-1073
Published: October 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Vascular architecture of rat papillary adenoma induced by N-Methyl Nitrosourea was studied by scanning electron microscopy of resin casts. These findings were compared with those of corresponding serial sections of India ink-injected tissue. The purpose of these experiments was to show three-dimensionally the vascular pattern of the adenoma. The arteries feeding the tumor were straight and seemed to be of equal luminal diameter to their counterparts feeding normal tissue on the opposite side. Veins draining the tumor were always greatly enlarged. The major arteries within the tumor were devoid of intra-arterial cushions regulating blood flow at the branching sites. The vascular pattern of each tumor lobule was a capsule-like arrangement of profusely anastomosing capillary vessels. Capillaries within the neoplastic lobule were characterized by a series of hair pin-like loops and blind ends/sprouts. These structures may represent a primitive step of the sequential neovascularization process.
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Kan-ichi OHSHIMA, Kosuke OKADA, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Hiroshi KAYANO, Tai ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1074-1078
Published: October 15, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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An eradication program in a leukosis herd (80% positive) was designed since 1978, and performed successfully from 1982 to 1986 by checking BLV antibodies and generous segregation of positive cattle from the negatives. Slaughter of the positives were in due order, and good milk yield was resulted. The results obtained would be a good model of eradication program with the least economic loss.
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Bruce MADEWELL, Judi LUND, Robert MUNN, Michael PINO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1079-1084
Published: October 15, 1988
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A neoplasm composed of sheets of variably sized, highly pleomorphic cells was removed from the larynx of a Doberman pinscher dog. Using immunohistochemical methods, tumor cells showed strong reactivity for desmin, myoglobin, and actin, weak reactivity for vimentin, and failed to stain for high or low molecular cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, or myosin. The dominant ultrastructural feature was the abundance of mitochondria with densely-packed cristae, virtually filling the cytoplasm in some of the cells. Careful scrutiny of the electron micrographs revealed irregular dense areas in the cytoplasm similar to Z-band material. Although initial histopathologic and ultrastructural examinations suggested that the neoplasm was an oncocytoma, a definitive diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma was made on the basis of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural determinations.
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Tadashi ITAGAKI, Sumie FUJIWARA, Kosuke MASHIMA, Hiroshi ITAGAKI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1085-1091
Published: October 15, 1988
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Experiments were carried out to determine whether Japancse Lymnaea species could serve as the intermediate host of Australian Fasciola hepatica. The infection rate in the Lymnaea species exposed to miracidia were 83.3% in L. ollula and 38.5% in L. auricularia swinhoei, while L. truncatula and L. japonica were not infected. In L. ollula the fluke larvae developed rapidly; and the first emergence of cercariae was observed between 26 to 44 days (average, 31.8) after exposure and the total average number of metacercariae produced was 781.9 per snail. In L. a. swinhoei the flukes developed up to the redial stage, which contained early stages of cercariae. Prepatent period was 49 days in male 8-week-old Wistar rats inoculated with 20 metacercariae, and adult flukes recovered from the rats were morphologically characteristic of F. hepatica. These results suggest the possible establishment of Australian F. hepatica in Japan since L. ollula is a suitable intermediate host of the parasite.
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Fumitaka YAMADA, Hiroshi KODAMA, Takeshi MIKAMI, Hisao IZAWA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1092-1098
Published: October 15, 1988
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Factors affecting the chemiluminescent (CL) response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) phagocytes were investigated. The cells were stimulated by the addition of Vibrio anguillarum or zymosan to the cultures in the presence of luminol as an amplifier. The CL was dose-dependent on the concentrations of luminol and zymosan, and the number of phagocytes and V. anguillarum. Living V. anguillarum elicited rapid and strong CL of phagocytes regardless of opsonization of the bacteria with fresh, normal rainbow trout serum. Opsonized formalin-killed bacteria induced a slow, low CL response, and no CL was elicited by non-opsonized, killed bacteria. Phagocytes isolated from the peritoneal cavity, head kidney, spleen and peripheral blood showed similar CL patterns.
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Hiroaki OHTA, Ken-ichi KOMINE, Yoichi ISHIJIMA, Yasuhiro YOSHIKAWA, Yu ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1099-1102
Published: October 15, 1988
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Tatsuo OHYA, Masanori KUBO, Hiroshi WATASE
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1103-1106
Published: October 15, 1988
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Shin-ichiro KAWAZU, Tsugihiko KAMIO, Yuichi YOKOMIZO, Kozo FUJISAKI, T ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1107-1108
Published: October 15, 1988
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Yoshio MORIKAWA, Haruyo SHIMONAKA, Toshiya OKADA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1109-1110
Published: October 15, 1988
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Choji KANEUCHI, Kazuo ITOH, Ryo HARASAWA, Manabu OGATA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1112-1114
Published: October 15, 1988
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Koichi IMAOKA, Yoshiyuki KANAI, Yoshikazu NISHIKAWA, Yasuhiro YOSHIKAW ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1115-1118
Published: October 15, 1988
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Hiroyuki IWATA, Kenichiro ONO, Atsuhiko HASEGAWA, Isamu TOMODA
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1119-1120
Published: October 15, 1988
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Tetsu NONAKA, Naoko HIGUCHI, Toshiro ARAI, Yoshio OKI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1121-1123
Published: October 15, 1988
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Hideki TABARU, Eiji KADOTA, Hiroshi YAMADA, Nobuo SASAKI, Akira TAKEUC ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1124-1126
Published: October 15, 1988
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Koichi KADOTA, Toru INOUE, Michi KODAMA, Hiromi NAKAJIMA, Kikumi OGIHA ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1127-1130
Published: October 15, 1988
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Fujiko SUNAGA, Kazuhiko NAMIKAWA, Yasunori KANNO
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1131-1132
Published: October 15, 1988
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Toshiyuki MURASE, Mutsumi INABA, Yoshimitsu MAEDE
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1133-1135
Published: October 15, 1988
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Masayuki TANAKA, Tatsuji OKABE, Norimasa SASAKI
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1136-1138
Published: October 15, 1988
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Mitsugu HISHINUMA, Nobuhiko HOSHI, Yoshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Hiroshi KANAGA ...
1988 Volume 50 Issue 5 Pages
1139-1141
Published: October 15, 1988
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