-
Kozo TAKASE, Fujio NONAKA, Terutoshi FUKUDA, Shinji YAMADA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
207-211
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Recovery of cell-culture-adapted infectious bursar disease virus (FK-78 strain)from feces and tissues of chickens infected experimentally with the virus was investigated. The virus was recovered from the feces, contents of caecum and jejunum, bursa of Fabricius, liver, spleen, thymus, kidney, and lung of chickens inoculated orally with the virus at 21 days of age. Virus titer was the highest in the bursa of Fabricius, and moderately high in the feces and the caecal contents. High virus titers were obtained 4 or 5 days after inoculation. On the other hand, the virus titers in the feces were influenced by the route of virus inoculation. High titers were obtained from chickens having received the virus orally or intranasally. The younger an inoculated chicken, the earlier the initial recovery of the virus from the feces of the chicken.
View full abstract
-
Shun-ichiro MASAKI, Kiheiji SHIMIZU, Norio CHO, Tsuneo HIROSE
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
213-221
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
An attempt was made to isolate mycobacteria from the lymph nodes (LNs) of 459 pigs at four abattoirs (Obihiro, Tokachi-Shimizu, Fukagawa, and Kushiro). From 156 pigs selected at random at Tokachi-Shimizu highly contaminated with mycobacteria were isolated at 49% (29/59) in the submaxillary LN and 20% (13/65) in the mesenteric LN. The average isolation rates of mycobacteria from the lymph node in all the pigs, except those at Tokachi-Shimizu were as follows: 5.4% (16/294) from the submaxillary, 3.8% (11/293) from the pulmonary, and l.7% (5/298) from the mesenteric LN. When broken by the abattoir, they were 7% (7/100) at Fukagawa, 7.8% (8/102) at Kushiro, and 13.8% (14/101) at Obihiro. The average being 9.57% (29/303). It was found that 3 pigs harbored mycobacteria concurrently in two lymph nodes. A total of 76 strains of the mycobacterial isolates did not belonged to Mycobacterium tubercculosis or M. bovis, but a majority of them were so-called atypical mycobacteria. Of them, Runyon's Group III organisms were predominant and most of them identified as M. intracellulare serovars. M. avium serovar 1 was isolated from two pigs at Tokachi-Shimizu and Obihiro, respectively. This is the first isolation of M. avium in Hokkaido. From 202 environmental specimens collected, 17 strains of mycobacteria were isolated. It is known that the strains of serovars 4, 6, and 8 of M. intracellulare, which are potentially pathogenic for man and animals, have been isolated from soil, sewage and beddings. Isolation of M. intracellulare from soil, sewage and beddings is a new finding in Japan.
View full abstract
-
Kunio TERASAKI, Hiroshige AKAHANE, Shigehisa HABE, Nobuko MORIYAMA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
223-231
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The geographical distribution of the common liver flukes (of the genus Fasciola) was investigated on 916 specimens collected at 34 localities in 22 countries of the world. The flukes were divided into two types, the normal and the abnormal spermato-genetic, by the number of spermatozoa in the seminal vesicle. Both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica from Europe, South and North Americas, Oceania, and Africa belonged to the normal spermatogenetic type which had numerous spermatozoa in the vesicle. In Asia, not only the normal but also the abnormal spermatogenetic type which has a few or no spermatozoa in the vesicle were found. Especially in Japan and Korea, only the abnormal spermatogenetic type was observed.
View full abstract
-
Haruo YOSHIMURA, Osamu ITOH, Shoichi YONEZAWA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
233-239
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Dihydrostreptomycin, kanamycin and fladiomycin were administered intramuscularly or orally to pigs and calves. An attempt was made to identify these aminoglycoside antibiotics qualitatively in tissues and urine collected from the animals after slaughter. The kidney, liver and muscle were homogenized and used to determine the diameters of inhibition zones to be produced on Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 plates at pH 6.0; and 8.0. The urine was used undiluted and after diluted serially. Thin-layer chromatographic identification was carried out only on kidney and urine samples characterized by capacity to produce larger inhibition zones on the B. subtilis plate at pH 8.0 than on any other plate. Next, the ultrafiltrate obtained from each tissue homogenate or urine was spotted on two silica gel plates. One of the Plates was developed in the upper layer of chloroform-methanol-17% ammonia (2:1:1), and the other in n-propanel-pyridine-acetic acid-water (15:10:3:12). The Rf values obtained were a little higher than those with reference antibiotic solutions in some cases. It was possible, however, to distinguish the three antibiotics contained in a kidney or urine sample from one another by thin-layer chromatography with two solvents. Thus, the methods mentioned above were considered to be available for the identification of aminoglycoside residues in slaughtered animals. When the kidney is suspected to contain some aminoglycosides, it is recommended to carry out chromatography on the extract from the renal cortex for the identification of these substances.
View full abstract
-
Hitoshi OKAWA, Kunio DOI, Tetsuo FUJITA, Azusa OKANIWA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
241-245,248
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Sequence of pathological events provoked in the arterial system of rats after a short term loading with a mixture of massive doses of vitamin D
2 and cholesterol was followed for a period of up to three months. At one month and thereafter following the treatment, PAS-positive polysaccharides were additionally deposited in the necrotic aortic media with calcareous and lipid deposition. Circumscriptive proliferative changes in the aorta became prominent two or three months following the treatment in the intima and media, where heavily calcified and hardened elastic membranes had almost invariably ruptured. No lipid deposition or appearance of so-called foamy cells was found even in the intimal lesions. It seems, therefore, that atheromatous lesions could not be produced in the aorta by the present experimental procedure. On the other hand, the large-sized main branches of the coronary artery and the mesenteric artery exhibited proliferative changes fulfilling the histopathological criteria of intimal hyperplasia-type arteriosclerosis at one month and thereafter following the treatment.
View full abstract
-
Kan-ichi OHSHIMA, Shigeru SATO, Kosuke OKADA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
249-257
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Thirteen cattle which were suffering from infection with bovine leukemia virus or persistent lymphocytosis, showing very slight or hardly detectable lesions were subjected to pathologic examination for initial lesions of enzootic bovine leukosis. Careful macroscopic observation revealed lesions swollen up and whitish in color on the cut surface of some of the lymph nodes. These lesions were confirmed by histolgic examination as those of marked follicular hyperplasia accompanied with atypical blastic cells in the sinuses and paracortical area of the lymph nodes. Peyer's patches were extended and thickened due to follicular hyperplasia in the lymphatic tissue. Whitish spotted lesions on the gastric mucosa were also noted. Accumulation of atypical cells was noted microscopically in the upper layer of the propria of the stomach. From the findings obtained, it was stressed that the leukotic lesions initiated mainly in the lymph nodes. The significance of occasional infiltration of macrophages, as well as eosinophils, in the initial lesions was discussed.
View full abstract
-
Kazumasa SHIMIZU, Yukio KUROSU, Junji KAMIZAKI, Atsuko KOMETANI, Shinj ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
259-266
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Effect of removal of the external Potassium ion (K removal) was examined on the mechanical response of the ileum isolated from thirteen animal species; monkey, dog, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, volt, deer, cock, pigeon, frog and toad. In isotonic recording, K removal induced a sustained contraction in ileum isolated from cat and deer, however, a transient contraction followed by a relaxation in the ileum isolated from other species. Readmission of potassium to the K-free solution produced a quick relaxation in the muscles of pigeon, frog, guinea pig, rat and mouse. Ouabain (1×10
-5 M) inhibited the relaxation induced by the readmission of K. There were species differences in contractile activity to K removal; the relative height of ileal contraction induced by K removal was in the order of pigeon, frog, vole, dog, cat, deer, monkey, cock, guinea pig, rat, rabbit, mouse and toad, respectively. Furthermore, the magnitude of the contractile responses to K removal in the ilea isolated from the various kinds of animals correlated with the ED
50 of ouabain for a contractile response in the ilea from these animals, as reported by Shimizu et al. (1979). These results probably confirm the concept that K removal and ouabain induce a contraction which is due to the inhibition on an electrogenic Na pump in muscle cells of the ileum.
View full abstract
-
Takanori HARADA, Shigeto YAMASHIRO, Paul D. MEADE, Parvathi K. BASRUR, ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
267-274
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Stomach ulcers of various stages occurred in seven adult male Syrian golden hamsters fed on a vitamin A-free diet for seven months. The ulcers were located in the glandular portion close to the forestomach. These hamsters showed food retention containing various amounts of hair in the stomach. Histopathologically, the early ulcerogenic change was focal necrosis of the glandular epithelium, which resulted in erosion and ulcer, with leukocytic infiltration and edema of the surrounding tissue. The most advanced ulcers exhibited perforation of the gastric wall resulting in adhesive peritonitis. In an additional experiment in .that hamsters were fed on a diet mixed with their own hair, no gastric food retention nor morphological alterations of the glandular stomach were observed. It was suggested that the induction of stomach ulcers might be a synergistic effect of the necrotic changes in the glandular epithelium and the food retention caused by vitamin A-deficiency state.
View full abstract
-
Tsutomu SEKIZAKI, Hisao IZAWA, Misao ONUMA, Takeshi MIKAMI
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
275-282
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The Takavirus, a variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), was found to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes unstably at room temperature. Two clones were obtained from the plaques formed in the chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF): one showed an constant hemagglutinating (HA) reaction only at 4°C (L
+R
-); while the other showed no significant reversion in an HA reaction both at 4°C and room temperature (L
+R
+). There was no difference in the structural polypeptides and serological identity among two clones of Takavirus and two strains of NDV. The hemolytic activity of the Takaviruses (L
+R
-, L
+R
+ and parent) was similar to that of NDV-Sato strain, but much lower than that of NDV-Bl strain. The elution of L
+R
- from the chicken erythrocytes occurred more rapidly at room temperature. The amount of the eluted virus was greater than that obtained from L
+R
+ or NDVs. The reaction did not occur when fresh viruses were added to the erythrocytes which had eluted the viruses.
View full abstract
-
Masakazu NISHIMURA, Joon Houng PARK, Haruto NAKAGAWA, Norimoto URAKAWA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
283-288
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Effects of atropine (ATR, 0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), proglumide (PGM, 100 mg/kg, i.v.)and metiamide (MTM, 0.4 mg/kg, i.v.) on gastric acid secretion induced by vagal stimulation, carbamylcholine (CCh, 5μg/kg, i.v.), tetragastrin (TG, 5μg/kg, i.v.) and histamine (Hist, 10μg/kg, i.v.) injections were examined by means of continuous pH recording of proventricular effluent in urethan anesthetized chickens. Birds were operated for fitting an esophageal cannula and gastric fistel, artificial respiration, bilateral vagotomy and instillation of physiological saline solution. Electrical stimulation (0.1msec duration, 30volts, 50 Hz, for 40 to 60 sec) was applied to Trunks communis n. vagi at the proximal region of the proventriculus where the proventricular rami (Rr. gastrici glandulares) branched. The vagal stimulation and the administration of CCh produced a biphasic profile of pH fall response consisting of an early transient and a secondary lasting phases. The transient response was larger in the degree of pH fall than the lasting one, and was inhibited by ATR but not by PGM and MTM. The lasting response was reduced by all of the three inhibitors. PGM and MTM inhibited pH fall responses induced by TG and Hist, respectively. These results show that the vagally stimulated acid secretion consists of an early transient response which is major component and a secondary lasting response Which is minor component. It is suggested that the transient response is directly mediated by cholinergic transmission and the lasting response is possibly mediated by endogenous gastrin and histamine in the pathways sensitive to PGM and MTM.
View full abstract
-
Yahiro UEDA, J.Yuzuru HOMMA, Chiyoji ABE
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
289-295,300
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Horses were immunized with a multi-component vaccine consisting of OEP, protease toxoid and elastase toxoid to investigate the therapeutic effect of immunization on corneal ulceration due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Two of three horses inoculated subcutaneously five times with the multi-component vaccine were used for the protection test, and two nonvaccinated horses as controls. A suspension containing 5.2×10
7 cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 per milliliter was used for challenge in the protection test. Six drops of it were deposited once on the traumatized cornea. Of the two vaccinated horses, one was protected from the bacterial infection. The other was affected with corneal opacity and mild corneal ulcer, which was localized and not aggravated in spite of n6 treatment. On the other hand, the two control horses suffered from severe ulcer and abscess spreading all over the cornea, respectively.
View full abstract
-
Yahiro UEDA, Yutaka SANAI, J.Yuzuru HOMMA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
301-308
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The therapeutic effect on corneal ulcer due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection was compared between intracorneal injection of immunoglobulins and pharmaco therapy. The immunoglobulins used were obtained from horses vaccinated with OEP and protease-, elastase- and exotoxin- toxoids. They had high titers; that is, 1:4, 094 against OEP 1:512 against protease- and elastase-PHA, and 1:360 against exotoxin-PHA. After confirmation of corneal ulceration by inoculation into the incised cornea, pharmaco therapy mainly with antibiotics was employed in one case, but in vain. Combined treatment by intracorneal injection of the immunoglobulins and with antibiotics was used in two cases of corneal ulceration with significant therapeutic effects. Usually, no treatment is successful after onset of ulceration. Combined therapy by intracorneal injection of immunoglobulins and with antibiotics, however, produced synergistic effects. Treatment after the onset of corneal ulceration is close to the condition seen in clinical cases. It is assumed that injection of immunoglobulins may possibly have a therapeutic effect on clinical cases.
View full abstract
-
Yoshimi BENNO, Tomotari MITSUOKA, Shoji SHIRASAKA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
309-315
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
One hundred and forty-one strictly anaerobic bacteria were cultured from 71 abscesses obtained from 69 pigs slaughtered at two abattoirs. Strictly anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 52 (73.2%) of the total abscesses. Fifteen (21.1%) abscesses yielded only one species and the remainder yielded mixtures of bacterial species of strict anaerobes and/or facultative anaerobes. Of the 141 strictly anaerobic isolates, the genus Bacteroides was most frequently isolated, being found in 61.9% of the total abscesses. The next frequently isolated genus was Fusobacterium, followed by Peptococcus, Peptostre Ptococcus, Propionibacterium and Eubacterium. Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium and Veillonella were uncommon. Bacteroides ruminicola/oralis group was the most frequently isolated species (41 abscesses, 57.7%) and was often found in company with Corynebacterium pyogenes and/or C. pseudopyogenes.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi KIDA, Eiichi HONDA, Ryo YANAGAWA, Yoshiharu MATSUURA, Yoshihir ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
317-321,323
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In the autum of 1979, 719 small birds of 32 species, 255 water fowls of 19 species and 126 sea birds of 6 species were virologically examined. C1oacal swabs of 207 Japanese buntings (Emberiza spodocephala) yielded 6 paramyxovirus strains which were found to belong to species Yucaipa on the basis of the antigenic specificity of their M proteins but not to be identical with Chicken/California/Yucaipa/56 virus according to the antigenic characters of their HN proteins in double immunodiffusion tests. Five paramyxovirus strains were isolated from cloacal swabs of 3 of 21 teal (Anas crecca) and 2 of 90 wigeons (Anas penelope). Four of those were antigenically identical to Duck/Mississippi/75 and the other was identified as a Newcastle disease virus.
View full abstract
-
Yasuji KATSUBE, Yutaka TANAKA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
325-333
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
To learn the minimum size of Salmonella organism required to develop gastroenteritis in humans, healthy cynomolgus monkeys were given intragastrically with various doses of a fimbriate (a wild-type) or a non-fimbriate of Salmonella typhimurium. Fourteen of 15 monkeys given 10
7, 10
5, or 10
3 cells of a wild-type were infected. Among the monkeys infected, all 8 with 10
7 cells, 4 of 5 with 10
5 cells, and 2 of 6 with 10
3 cells manifested enteritis. On the contrary, only 2 of 6 monkeys given 10
7 or 10
5 cells of a non-fimbriate were infected manifesting enteritis. Major symptom was watery diarrhea, but some cases excreted bloody mucous or loose stool. Abnormal stool was begun to excrete within the first a few days post administration in most of the cases. The watery diarrhea lasted for 2 to 3 weeks. The bloody mucous stool was excreted from the 2nd day to the 3rd day or from the 4th day to the 8th day. The loose stool was found on the 1st and 2nd days or the 2nd and 3rd days. At the onset of illness, abnormal stool contained 10
3 to 10
6 cells of the organism/g, and the number was increased during the course. At the autopsy conducted on the 2 monkeys excreted bloody mucous stool, gross change were found in the ileum and/or colon. The difference in the infectivity between the wild-type and non-fimbriate S. typhimurium is ascribed to the dierence in the ability of colonization in the intestine. It is suggested that an acute Salmonella gastroenteritis in Human is possibly caused by a smaller size of the organism than that proved by the experiment with volunteers and isolated strains.
View full abstract
-
Minoru SUZUKI, Keiichiro TOYOSAWA, Kiitiro SITIZYO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
335-341
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The osmotic fragility of erythrocytes was measured in mice, rats and rabbits by the coil planet centrifuge (CPC) method. Blood samples were driven through the osmotic gradient saline solution from 30 to 150 mOsm. In the case of rabbits, the saline solution was prepared from 30 to 200 mOsm. Effects on storage condition of blood samples were studied at cold temperature (4°C) and room temperature (29-32°C). Storage at room temperature: There was no significant change in osmotic fragility of rat or rabbit erythrocytes during the first 6 hours, whereas hemolysic start point (HSP) values increased significantly after 24 hours. CPC values of mice increased with the lapse of storage time until after 24 hours. Cold storage: No significant change in osmotic resistance was seen in rats or rabbits during 24 hours. HSP values of mice increased appreciably after 24 hours. The CPC value of heparinized blood was higher than that of EDTA-2Na added blood in mice and Tats. There was no difference in osmotic resistance between heparinized blood and EDTA-2Na added blood in rabbits. No difference was observed in osmotic resistance between cardiac and peripheral venous blood in rats or rabbits.
View full abstract
-
Hisaaki ISHIKAWA, Eiichiro BABA, Haruyasu MATSUMOTO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
343-347
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Fecal specimens taken from 29 dogs showing diarrhea and 8 dogs given a pur-gative, magnesium sulfate were examined for the bacterial floras. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in the total viable count between the fecal samples collected during diarrhea and those obtained after recovery .2) The counts of Lactobacillus of diarrheal feces were markedly smaller than those of healthy ones and none was detected in a considerable number of diarrheal samples. Bifidobacterium also tended to decrease in number during diarrhea. 3) Bacteroides and Enterobacteriaceae tended to increase in number during diarrhea and predominated in many samples. 4) Clostridium and Streptococcus counts were not affected by diarrhea .5) As a whole, the natural flora of diarrheal feces was similar to that of experimental diarrhea induced with the purgative. 6) It was recognized in both natural and experimental diarrhea that the flora persisted for sometime after disappearance of diarrhea.
View full abstract
-
A. P. Singh, J. M. Nigam
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
349-353
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Keizo TAKAMURA, Masayuki AJIKI, Kazuhisa HIRAMATSU, Satoshi TAKEMITSU, ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
355-357
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Mikio SHIMIZU, Kenji KUNINORI, Tetsuya SAKANO, Toyoaki TERASHIMA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
359-363
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Junko NISHIDA
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
365-368
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hajime SATO, Mineo YOSHINO, Sachio MIYASAKA, Sueshige SETA, Nobumi UEH ...
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
369-373
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Ken-ichi KANEKO, Nobuo HASHIMOTO
1982 Volume 44 Issue 2 Pages
375-377
Published: April 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
