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M.Hiroyuki OKADA, Kosuke OKADA, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Kan-ichi OHSHIMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
257-264
Published: June 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Histopathologic examination was performed on 14 Japanese serows having a number of papular lesions on the oro-nasal mucosa and on the skin. They were obtained in Tohoku distict from 1979 to 1982, and died from weakness or pneumonia. In the mucosal and cutaneous lesions, vacuolar or reticular degeneration of the prickle cells with basophilic or eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions followed initial focal acanthosis. Epithelial or epidermal necrosis and scabs were observed in the prolonged lesions. There were marked hyperemia, hemorrhage, capillarization and proliferation of histiocytic Cells in the mucosal propria or dermis, infrequently accompanying pustular or hyperkeratotic lesions. The mucosal and cutaneous lesions classified into 3 groups; (1) papular necrotic stomatitis or dermatitis, (2) pustular necrotic stomatitis or dermatitis, and (3) papular necrotic dermatitis with marked hyperkeratosis, due to histopathologic criteria.
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Kazuyuki KITAMURA, Akira YASOSHIMA, O.Hitoshi IWASAKI, Akihiro KOJIMA, ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
265-271
Published: June 01, 1984
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Pathological observations were made on male Sprague-Dawley rats which had received intraperitoneal injections of sterile swine serum twice a week for 12 weeks. Changes were found mainly in the liver, kidneys and spleen. In the liver, pseudolobules were formed in all animals after 8 or more weeks. Proliferation of collagen fibers was detected first around the central veins and in the portal tracts after 3 weeks, and then in the space of Disse. After 8 or more weeks, numerous fat-storing cells (Ito's cells) were found in the collagen septa subdividing the lobules. In the initial stage of fibrosis, infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells was observed around the central veins and in the portal tracts. There were no noticeable changes, however, in hepatocytes or sinusoidal lining cells throughout the experimental period. In the kidneys, fine electron-dense deposits were found in the mesangial area of glomeruli after 4 or more weeks. In the corresponding sites, specific fluorescence of rat IgG was detected by the immunofluorescence technique. In the spleen, swelling and increased lymphatic follicles with active germinal centers were noticed after 2 or more weeks.
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Toshiharu HAYASHI, Jun YAMAKOSHI, Yasushi AMI, Kosaku FUJIWARA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
273-279
Published: June 01, 1984
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In kittens having received intravenous transfer of high titered antibody and then oral inoculation with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus, was developed precocious enteritis as well as visceral lesions that were not seen without antibody transfer. Neutrophil infiltration carrying virus antigen appeared on day 1 postinoculation (p.i.) in the small intestinal lamina propria. On day 3 p.i., virus antigen was detected within enterocytes as well as neutrophils and macrophages, and desquamation of enterocytes was seen with moderate or marked infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and sometimes also lymphocytes or plasma cells in the lamina propria and submucosa. The results suggested that neutrophils might be responsible for producing early intestinal lesions.
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Yoshiko MOTOI, Shinichiro KINNO, Kyuko MINAMINO, Koichi SHIMBAYASHI, C ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
281-289
Published: June 01, 1984
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Of three groups of cows affected with fat necrosis (FN) in the field group 1 was administered with a daily dose of 300 g of the adlay, Coix Lachryma-jobi, group 2 with a daily dose of 150 g of substance S from soybeans containing vitamine E, and group 3 with a combination of a daily dose of 150 g of the adlay and the same dose of substance S for about 4 consecutive months. One-half of the cows of each group was loaded intravenously with arginine attempting at reducing the period of treatment. The disapperance rate of necrotic fat masses was 17%, and the reduction in size of these masses was evident in 67% of treated animals from the results of rectal palpation. In the affected cows the amount of secretion of glucagon in response to the loading with arginine, decreased while the glucagon level after treatment was essentially the same as in the healthy ones. The free fatty acid level in the affected cows exhibited an abnormal pattern of secretion before and after treatment as compared with that in the healthy ones. The results suggested a disordered endocrine function of the pancreas in FN affected cows.
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Hisako FUJIMURA, Takao NISHIDA, Hiroyuki SASAKI, Iwao TSUGIYAMA, Koshi ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
291-296
Published: June 01, 1984
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The histological development of the paracloacal vascular body was observed in the male embryo of muscovy duck. On the 14th day of incubation, the primordium of the paracloacal vascular body was first recognized as an oval mass of mesenchymal cells containing a few blood capillaries and which lay lateral to the urodeum. The well-developed blood vascular system as well as the arterioles and venules was distinguished on the 16th day. The capillary cord and the peripheral lymphatic space partly appeared on the 18th day. After this stage the peripheral lymphatic space was gradually formed around the whole parenchyma of the body, and the internal lymphatic space, the trabecula and the capsule were also developed simultaneously. All of the main components of the paracloacal vascular body thus appeared by the 24th day of incubation. On the other hand, the lymphatic space of the fibrolymphatic body occurred from the peripheral lymphatic space of the paracloacal vascular body on the 19th day. Typical reticular lymphatic spaces were formed in the fibrolymphatic body on the 24th day.
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M.Hiroyuki OKADA, Kosuke OKADA, Shigeru NUMAKUNAI, Kan-ichi OHSHIMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
297-302
Published: June 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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An electron microscopic study was performed on mucosal and cutaneous lesions of eight Japanese serows infected with contagious papular dermatitis virus. A slight infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes, but no virion were seen in the germinal layer and the lower prickle-cell-layer. The cytoplasm was edematous around the nucleus in the cells of the middle prickle-cell-layer. There were many mature viral particles and viroplasm which consisted of electron opaque granular matrix and immature particles in the cytoplasm. The mature particles were oval to cylindrical in shape and measured 300 by 160 nm in size. Tubular structures and filamentous materials were observed in the nuclei of the infected cells. Perinuclear edema spread over in the whole cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles were obscure in the cells of the upper prickle-cell-layer. There were numerous mature particles in the cytoplasm, and occasionally such structures as long band-like or spherical accumulations of microgranules were accompanied. It was concluded that papular lesions were caused by viral replication in the cells of the prickle-cells-layer.
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Eiichi KAWAKAMI, Toshihiko TSUTSUI, Youichi YAMADA, Makoto YAMAUCHI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
303-308
Published: June 01, 1984
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Occurrence of cryptorchidism in the mongrel dogs was examined at the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Animal Pound and the dogs suspected to be cryptorchidism were transported to our laboratory. Then sexual behavior to estrous bitch was checked and ejaculatory function by digital manipulation and the collected semen quality were examined. In 2, 356 mongrel dogs examined, cryptorchidism was found in 29 cases (1.2%), and all of them were unilateral cryptorchidism. Among the 29 cases, 21 were inguinal cryptorchidism and the remaining 8 were abdominal. Occurrence of cryptorchidism was not different between right and left. Libido of the dog was generally feeble and in 8 of 19 cryptorchid dogs in which ejaculatory function was checked, ejaculation could not be seen. In the cryptorchid dogs semen volume and total number of spermatozoa were few (7.2 ml and 1.2×10
8 per ejaculate on the average respectively), sperm motility was low, and abnormal sperm and immature sperm rate were high (20.2% and 19.4% respectively), as compared with semen qualities in normal dog.
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Yoshiko MOTOI, Yoshiaki OBARA, Koichi SHIMBAYASHI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
309-314
Published: June 01, 1984
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Histamine concentrations of ruminal contents and plasma were determined in the cattle fed on a formula feed and rolled barley. Groups of three Holstein steers were each fed rice straw (0.6 kg) and concentrate rations (10 kg) consisting of 100% rolled barley in diet 1, 50% formula feed and 50% rolled barley in diet 2, 75% formula feed and 25% rolled barley in diet 3, and 100% formula feed in diet 4. Diet 5, a control, consisted of hay, haycube, formula feed (3kg) and rice straw. Each diet was fed for 4-5 weeks. Ruminal contents and plasma were sampled on the last day of each experimental feeding. The ruminal histamine levels at all sampling were significantly higher in diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 than in diet 5. The levels in diets 3 and 4 were markedly high and increased to the maximum immediately after feeding. The plasma histamine levels were significantly higher in diets 3 and 4 than in diets 1, 2 and 5 at perfeeding. Although there was no characteristic change in the plasma histamine level after feeding diet 1 or 2, the levels remarkably increased in diets 3 and 4. It was evident that ruminal histamine levels of steers fed on diets with higher contents of formula feed increased extremely after feeding. The increased plasma histamine concentration may have reflected the increased ruminal concentration.
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Kazuichi NAKAMURA, Yoshiharu HASHIMOTO, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Norio KUDO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
315-321
Published: June 01, 1984
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The antigen, 2, 4-dinitrophenylated and alum-precipitated bovine serum albumin (DNP-AP-BSA), was inoculated from the mouse foot pads into popliteal lymph nodes. The DNP-BSA-bearing phagocytes were first found in the paracortex, which was the thymus (T)-dependent area, at 3 hr after inoculation. Subsequently, at 1 week after inoculation, germinal centers containing a few T cells were formed within the lymphoid follicles in close contact with the T-dependent area. At 2 weeks after inoculation, crescent-shaped networks of DNP-BSA accompanying the IgG were observed in the peripheral region of germinal centers. These findings show that the cooperation of phagocytes, T cells and B cells against thymus dependent antigens may be indispensable in the formation of germinal centers and in the retention of their function in lymphocyte proliferation.
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O. Hitoshi IWASAKI, Kazuyuki KITAMURA, Kunio DOI, Azusa OKANIWA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
323-330
Published: June 01, 1984
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In male spontaneously hypertensive rats fed an atherogenic diet and treated with vitamin D
2 (320, 000 I.U./kg/day) for 4 days, arteriosclerosis of Monckeberg type was produced in the aorta with multiple massive hemorrhage in the periaortic adipose and subdural tissues. The production of vascular changes and hemorrhages was inhibited by oral administration of a calcium antagonist, diltiazem (60 mg/kg-twice/day) for 7 days starting at the first day of vitamin D
2 treatment.
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Minoru SHIMODA, Takao SHIMIZU, Ei-ichi KOKUE, Toyoaki HAYAMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
331-337
Published: June 01, 1984
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The plasma kinetics and the renal excretion after 3 intravenous doses (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) of sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were studied in 10 commercial pigs (3.5-6 months old) and the possible causal factor of nonlinear plasma kinetics after high doses of SMM was examined. A considerable amount of acetylated metabolite of SMM (AcSMM) appeared in Plasma after any of 3 doses examined. About 80% of excretory products in urine was identified as AcSMM. These results imply that a main route of the drug elimination is acetylation followed by renal excretion. The corrected values of AUC, which were obtained by dividing the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves of SMM or AcSMM by the ratio of the examined dose (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg) to the lowest dose (10 mg/kg), increased dose-dependently. No significant difference in the ratio of AUC of AcSMM to that of total (SMM+AcSMM) was found among the doses. These results suggest that the synthetic reaction of AcSMM may not be saturable by injection of the higher doses. The renal clearances of SMM and AcSMM after the 10 mg/kg dose were nearly constant throughout the experiment, whereas those after the higher doses were low at the early stage and became high thereafter. Consequently, the saturation in renal excretion at the early stage of the elimination after the higher doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) may be a possible causal factor of the nonlinear kinetics of SMM.
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Shotaro TAKEUCHI, Yasuyuki NAKAJIMA, Hisashi UEDA, Yoshiko MOTOI, Yosh ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
339-344
Published: June 01, 1984
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Viable cells of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovar A were inoculated into the ruminal vein of cattle. Two cattle inoculated with more than 4.4×10
8 viable cells died within 2 days after inoculation. Disseminated necrotic foci were observed in their liver. When 2.8×10
6 to 1.4×10
8 viable cells were inoculated into 7 cattle, these cattle manifested no sickness clinically, with the exception of one calf which died. By autopsy, however, hepatic abscesses were recognized in these cattle 9 to 21 days after inoculation. In addition, lung abscesses were also formed in 3 calves of 2 months old. F. necrophorum was recovered from the hepatic abscesses and lung abscesses in viable counts ranging from 10
6 to 10
9 per gram. The organism were also isolated from the normal position of the liver, the hepatic lymph node and other organs in some cattle. But the viable counts were lower than those of the abscesses. In two calves, Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated from the hepatic abscess and lymph node. On the contrary, no hepatic abscess nor necrotic focus was formed in a calf when 1.2×10
9 viable cells were inoculated into the jugular vein. The precipitating antibody was demonstrated in all cattle having hepatic abscesses by the immunodiffusion test with the concentrated culture supernatant of F. necrophorum. The maximum antibody titer in the cattle ranged from 16 to 128.
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Hiromu SUGIYAMA, Jiro SONODA, Minoru OKUDA, Tamotsu TOMIMURA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
345-356
Published: June 01, 1984
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Five macaque monkeys, three Macaca fascicularis, one M. fuscata, and one M. cyclopis were inoculated orally with 120 metacercariae of Paragonimus westermani and they were necropsied 70 to 400 days after infection. None of the infected monkeys became ill or manifested apparent clinical signs of paragonimiasis, although all the animals examined showed marked peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophilia appeared soon after inoculation, reached peak by the 5th or 7th week, remained on a high level for about ten weeks, and thereafter declined gradually. The recovery of the inoculated metacercariae varied from 35.0 to 51.7%, with an average of 44.2%. All worms recovered were on the youngest developmental stage and 93.2% (88.1 to 100%) of them apparently remained in a slightly developed state in the skeletal muscles, irrespective of the species of the monkey. These flukes of the youngest stage recovered from the muscles of monkeys were infective for cats and 74.3% (60.0 to 90.0%) of the worms given orally developed into mature adults capable of producing normal eggs in the feces of the recipient cats 41 to 66 days after transfer. Thus, it was found that the three species of macaques were the paratenic host of P. westermani under laboratory conditions. The gross lesions which might be attributable to migration of immature P. westermani and the histopathologic findings in the experimental monkeys are described and illustrated.
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Osamu SASAKI, Masanori KATSUNO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
357-361
Published: June 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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Isolation of the chemotactic components in the extract from adult Metastrongylus apri (M. apri) possessing chemotactic activity for eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages of guinea pigs, was attempted. The components were assumed to be in a fraction separated by salting-out with 33 to 50% saturation of ammonium sulphate. The majority of the activity was contained in one of two protein peaks resolved by gel-filtration with Sephadex G-100. The active peak, neighbouring that of bovine γ-globulin, was divided into several peaks showing leukotactic activities with isoelectric focusing. Component a focused at pH 4.8±0.2 was specific for only macrophages, while c focused at pH 7.4±0.2 for both macrophages and eosinophils. Component b focused at pH 6.7±0.2 was active for neuotrophils, macrophages and eosinophils, and component d found at pH 5.2±0.2 was specific only for neutrophils. A chemotactic activity for eosinophils was found in a predominant peak focused at pH 5.8 to 7.8. In these fractions, the highest activity was shown by component e, of a peak at pH 7.2±0.2.
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Yoshiaki HANZAWA, Chiaki OKA, Naotaka ISHIGURO, Gihei SATO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
363-372
Published: June 01, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 13, 2008
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To examine for incidence of coliforms and drug-resistant Escherichia coli, a total of 22 swine and 19 bovine waste samples were collected from eight piggeries and nine dairy farms in Japan in 1976 and 1977. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), pH values, and the number of coliforms with or without antibiotic resistance were measured to analyze for the correlation function. Except the correlation between the coliform count and the pH value of bovine urine storage samples, no significant correlation was observed. Coliforms in bovine urine storage samples of alkalinity were fewer than other samples. It was shown that the waste treatment on a piggery (farm E) was effective in decreasing COD and coliforms in the waste. A total of 449 (97%) of 465 E. coli strains isolated from swine samples and 180 (78%) of 230 strains from bovine samples were resistant to at least one of the followings ; ampicillin, furatrizine, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin(Sm), sulfonamide(Su) and tetracycline(Tc). Resistance to Tc, Sm and Su was common in E.coli strains from swine and bovine samples but incidence of resistant strains from swine samples was generally higher than that from bovine samples. The drug resistance patterns (47 patterns) of swine E. coli strains were more complicated than those (24 patterns) of bovine strains. Conjugative R plasmids were detected in swine (56%) and bovine samples (33%). Thirteen (22%)thermosensitive R plasmids were found only in swine samples. Animal waste heavily contaminated with drug resistant coliforms can be a potential source of environmental pollution.
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Toshiharu SHINJO, Hiroko KIYOYAMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
373-375
Published: June 01, 1984
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Sixteen strains of Bacteroides fragilis were examined for the presence of fimbriae and hemagglutinability. All of the strains had fimbriae. No strains agglutinated guinea pig, rabbit or sheep erythrocytes and only 3 strains agglutinated chicken erythrocytes. The hemagglutinating ability was inhibited by heating at 80°C for 20 min and by homogenizing with a high-speed homogenizer, while it was unaffected by either the presence of mannose and other carbohydrates or treatment with trypsin, EDTA or periodate.
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Hirokazu TSUBONE, K.Akira SUZUKI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
377-380
Published: June 01, 1984
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The single action potential was recorded to determine the pattern of spontaneous vagal afferent activity corresponding to the respiratory cycle of rats. According to either the adaptibility or the responsiveness of the discharge to the respiratory cycle, the vagal afferents were classified into 5 categories. One group of the afferents discharged constantly and continuously as long as the lung deflation continued. Such activity has been reported only in rabbits.
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Jyoji YAMATE, Satoru KUDOW, Masanori TAJIMA
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
381-384
Published: June 01, 1984
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Twenty-one spontaneous cardiac tumors were detected in 2610 Fischer 344 rats. Nineteen of them were diagnosed as fibroma molle and the remainder as hemangioma. Tumor-bearing animals were 92- to 109-week-old. The hemangiomas were in the subendocardial region of the right ventricle and characteristic of capillary hemangioma. All the fibromas were confined within the myocardium; 10 of them were located in the right ventricular wall, 4 in the left ventricular wall, and 5 in the interventricular septem.
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Takashi MAKITA, Takashi YAMOTO, Kazushige OGAWA, Nobukazu ARAKI, Hiroo ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
385-390
Published: June 01, 1984
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Body weight, the weight of twenty three organs, and their ratio to the body weight of twenty (sixteen males and four females) wild Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) were measured and recorded. The length of intestinal subdivisions of each monkey was also recorded. Similar measurement of six (four males and two females) captive born Formosan monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) was also added to be compared. Roughly speaking, the change of organ weights with increasing age of monkeys could be classified into five types.
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Soichi IMAI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
391-395
Published: June 01, 1984
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Two new rumen ciliates, Polymorphella bovis sp.n. and Entodinium longinucleatum forma spinolobum f.n., from the zebu cattle in Thailand were described. P. bovis is flask-like in shape, with two ciliary zones: the larger zone in the anterior one-third area and the smaller zone in the posterior extremity of body. E. longinucleatum f. spinolobum has a very long macronucleus, and two spines and one lobe at the posterior extremity of body. At that time, the problem on the description of so-called E. longinucleatum group was discussed.
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Shoji SHIRASAKA, Fujio UMEKI
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
397-399
Published: June 01, 1984
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A total of 71 strains of Clostridium septicum isolated from chickens and cattle and 13 reference strains derived from National Collection of Type Cultures and Wellcome Research Laboratories were examined for their susceptibility to eight antibiotics. Most of the strains had relatively high susceptibility to the drugs employed showing minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.013 to 3.13 μg/ml, though some of the avian isolates were suggested to have some degree of resistance to tetraeycline as compared to the reference strains.
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Kosuke OKADA, Yutaka FUJIMOTO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
401-404
Published: June 01, 1984
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In 1975, we encountered a case of seal pox at an aquarium in Hokkaido. Electron microscopy was performed on cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies in the prickle cells. The basophilic cytoplasmic inclusions consisted of electron opaque matrix with immature and mature virions, while eosinophilic ones contained no virions. The mature virions were of typical parapox viruses 300 by 140 nm in size. The intranuclear inclusion consisted of a mass of filamentous structures and may be a secondary product due to viral replication.
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Takashi NAKAMURA, Junpei NAKAHARI, Noboru MACHIDA, Keiji KIRYU, Masaak ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
405-408
Published: June 01, 1984
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Dicroceliasis was studied parasitologically and pathologically in five wild Japanese serows. The worm found in the intrahepatic bile duct was identified to be the lancet fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum. The bile duct revealed severely hyperplastic epithelial cells accompanied by globule leucocytes. There was an infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophils in the submucosa, with proliferation of granulation tissue in and around their walls. These findings coincided with those of Dicrocoelium infection in domestic animals.
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Hong-Kean OOI, Masao KAMIYA, Tadaaki KUDO, Akira HASHIMOTO, Kaoru KITA ...
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
409-412
Published: June 01, 1984
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From the muscle of a raccoon dog captured in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, was a metacercaria (=diplostomulum), found encysted by the host tissues and possessing a conspicuous tribocytic organ and also calcareous granules. The diplostomulum was identified as that of Pharyngostomum cordatum. No adult worm was recovered when the diplostomula were fed to puppies. This is the first report of a diplostomulum in the muscle of a raccoon dog.
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Masanori KUBO, Tatsuo OHYA, Hiroshi WATASE
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
413-417
Published: June 01, 1984
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Histopathological study was done on 303 pigs with proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy, which were detected at the abattoir of Kagoshima City from June, 1981 to July, 1983. All the cases had the lesions of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in the ileum, and 134 (44%) cases had the lesions in the cecum, 44(15%) in the colon, and 5 (0.2%) in the jejunum.
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Tsuneyoshi IIDA, Kiyoshi MATSUKAWA, Mamoru MAKINO
1984 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages
419-422
Published: June 01, 1984
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Small papilliform lesions of the chordae tendineae cordis were detected in 176 out of 200 adults and 4 of 50 calves of Holstein-Friesian as well as 29 out of 100 adults of Japanese Black. Most of the lesions were produced on the mitral valves and characterized by proliferation of the endothelium with some fibrosis in the lamina propria.
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