Lithium concentration in serum was higher than that in blood cells 3 hours after single lithium chloride administration (200 mg/kg ). The ratio of extra- to intracellular lithium concentration was, however, reversed 12 hours after single administration, indicating that excretion of intracellular lithium was much slower than that of extracellular one. Intracellular accumulation of lithium increased by repeated administrations of lithium, and concequently intracellular lithium concentration became nearly equal to extracellular one even 3 hours after a last administration. When blood cells accumulated lithium ions, the intracellular potassium decreased and the intracellular sodium also tended to decrease. It was suggested that therapeutic doses of lithium should be controled by measuring the intracellular lithium concentration, since the pharmacological or toxic actions of lithium would be directly associated with this concentration.

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PCB was detected in all samples of blood plasma. The plasma PCB levels of normal persons ranged from 1 ppb to 7 ppb, and that of the patients ranged widely from 2 ppb to 15 ppb, the latter were higher than the former statistically (P<0.05). PCB of patients' plasma showed very characteristic gas chromatograms both in quality and quantity. The urban residents had more PCB in their blood than the rural (P<0.01).

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The recombination experiments were carried out with herpes simplex virus between markers of plaque morphology and IDU (5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) resistance. The results suggest the contribution of noninfectious particles to genetic interaction. Kinetic studies demonstrated that recombination event occurs at any time during virus growth. Two reciprocal recombinants were produced in equal numbers regardless of multiplicities of infection of virus parents. This fact may allow to interpret the recombination by simple crossing-over between chromosomes or DNAs.

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The protective effect of living as well as killed cells and phenol extracts obtained from an attenuated strain of Salmonella enteritidis against infection with a virulent strain in mice were studied. Results summarized as follows.1. Killed cells of an attenuated strain had no protective effect against infection with a virulent strain, though living cells were remarkably effective.2. Eight fractions were obtained from an attenuated strain by extraction with phenol. A large amount of RNA and a small amount of DNA with protein were contained in these fractions.3. It was shown that fraction I and 1V extracted with phenol pH 4 had some protective effects against infection, but the remaining fraction I-D, Ill and all of the fractions extracted with phenol pH 6 were ineffective.

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A surgical technique of pharyngeal flap operation in which an inferiorly based flap is constructed is described in detail. The advantages of the present technique are : (1) The posterior surface of the flap is lined with mucous membrane so as to prevent marked shrinkage of the flap, (2) postoperative inspection of the oronasal junction is done easily even by a speech therapist, (3) the flap does not inhibit the movements of the soft palate, and (4) no marked postoperative deformity is seen in the throat.

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The phasic EMG which is recorded from the submental muscle during REM sleep is quantitatively evaluated and expressed as the % phasic EMG. As for normal subjects, the % phasic EMG is distributed from 2 to 5%. In the patients with idiopathic Parkinsonism who showed muscle rigidity in the upper limbs, the % phasic EMG was considerably higher than in normal subjects. However, there was no relation between finger tremor and the % phasic EMG. In Huntington's chorea, the % phasic EMG was zero.From these observations, it is supposed that the abnormal state of the muscle tonus of the whole body has relation to the % phasic EMG obtained during REM sleep. However, this relation was not found in three schizophreniacs who showed a slight increase of muscle tonus.Finally, some consideration was given as to the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which participate in muscle rigidity and in the appearance of the phasic EMG during REM sleep.

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1) It is necessary to make efforts for alleviating and evading ureteral lesion regarded as the origin of lesion of urinary tract, by taking not only formation of ureteral fistula but also functional passage obstruction into consideration.2) During the whole treament period, much attention should be given to better urinary flow. For instance, after operation the patient should be encouraged as early as possible to do abdominal deep breathing and to keep the upper body upright in bed.3) Subjective sympfoms are not so clear even when ureteral lesion is distinct, and patients are apt to cosult clinics other than gynecological because they cannot relate their pain to uterine cancer, so that they are not treated by gynecologists. There is a general tendency on the post of the patient to forget their illness when the time between treatments becomes too long. We believe that treatment of uterine cancer has a life long relation to renal-ureteral lesion.

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Twenty five patients with Harada's disease are examined with fluorescein angiography to study on the incidence and the cause of the change in the optic disc. The results obtained are as follows : 1) The fluorescein angiographic finding of the optic disc reveals two kinds of finding: true papilledema (papillitis) and pseudo - papilledema (pseudopapillitis). 2) The fluorescein leakages from the optic disc are demonstrated either from the initial stage or at recovery stage of the disease with relatively high frequency (36 %). 3) It is confirmed that the cause of these fluorescein leakages in the optic disc is closely related with severity of the disease process.From the results obtained, it is pointed out that fluorescein angiographic finding of the optic disc in the Harada's disease is of importance for determination of the severity of the disease process and prognosis.

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Twelve unstable fractures and 16 non-unions of the femoral shafts were treated by the combined use of intramedullary nailing and plating. The operation can be carried out without any special devices and a stable fixation of fragments can be secured. The series of cases and the representative cases were reported with discussion.

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