In remote mountainous areas, infants and children generally show retarded growth and development as compared with those in urban and rural districts. The authors had several opportunities to care for and to treat these underdeveloped infants and children living in the mountainous area, Yabe-Kuroki in Fukuoka Prefecture, when they participated in the summer medical activities of their School of Medicine. This paper is to provide data on the growth and development of infants and children and to contribute to the improvement of infant nursing and the promotion of lunch preparation in the schools in mountainous areas.

View full abstract

Epidemic studies on poliomyelitis in Japan up to 1947 have been reviewed by Paul. Since 1947 there have been many other epidemiologic studies of poliomyelitis in Japan. During the period from May to August of 1960, poliomyelitis was prevalent among children in Nagasaki City. It was found that this was an epidemic of poliomyelitis due to polio types I, II and III. The present paper reports the results of the authors' study on that epidemic. The study is divided into the following parts : (1) Laboratory data from paralytic cases. (2) Distribution of cases according to age, sex, geography and season. (3) Relationship between the scale of polio epidemic and the in vitro markers of polioviruses. (4) Relationship between the epidemic in Nagasaki Prefecture and the epidemic in the northern part of Fukuoka Prefecture in the winter of 1960.

View full abstract

Much research has been done on the movement of the soft palate during phonation. Most of it, however, has been studies on movement during the phonation of vowels and not on movement during consonant phonation. Furthermore, only a instantaneous phase of the movement was observed in those studies, and so far little observation has been done on the continuous course of the movement of the soft palate. Movements of the vocal tract are usually observed by the following methods : (1) measurement of nasal air pressure, (2) radiographical methods, and (3) electromyographical methods. In the authors case, the movement of the soft palate during phonation of speech sounds was observed using the high voltage cineradiography with electronic image amplifier, analysing the speech sounds recorded simultaneously on a sonagram.

View full abstract

Since it is known that attachment of phage on the surface of bacterial cells requires cation, the effect of cations on various viruses has been widely studied. In poliovirus, Bachtold et al. found that either Ca⁺⁺ or Mg⁺⁺ was necessary for a maximum rate of attachment of virus to MK cell. Recently, Wallis and Melnick found that molar MgCl₂ stabilized poliovirus very effectively. Taking this information into consideration, the present study was designed to clarify the different effects of cations on entero viruses in respect to stabilization, attachment on cells and growth, especially of plaque formation by different types of poliovirus.

View full abstract

Induction of anesthesia always is the most important problem for the anesthetist, because during this period the patent is susceptible to dangers and complications. Furthermore, the cardiovascular state during this period is so unstable that any stimulation, either due to anesthetic or surgical procedures, inadequately added, will deteriorate it; the tracheal intubation or even insertion of the laryngescope into the mouth, will often cause remarkable circulatary responses during this period. The responses, notably the pressor response, could be followed by a mishap particularly in the aged or hypertensive patients, and poor risk patients with cardiovascular dysfunction. Although the circulatory responses to tracheal intubation have been observed by many investigators and variously interpreted almost no report is available on the problem of prevention or inhibition of the responses. Therefore, we have used five percent solution of Carbocain in an attempt to anesthetize the laryngeal, and the pharyngeal areas and the base of the tongue with spray prior to tracheal intubation and discussed its inhibitory effect on the pressor reflex mechanism mediated over the sympatheticus which is innervated in these areas.

View full abstract

It has been reported previously by Groman et al. and Bobb et al. that the non ionic surface active agent, Tween 80, prevented the adsorption of Corynebacterium diphtheriae phage. Recently, Bowman and White et al. reported that Tween 80 prevented adsorption and multiplication in several mycobacteriophage-host systems but had no effect on free phage or adsorbed phage. These experiments were all originated from Tween 80 containing “Dubos medium”. The principal purpose in using Tween 80 for mycobacterial growth is to preparate the mycobacterial suspension without spontaneous clumps. By utilizing this characteristic of Tween 80, it is attempted to reveal the adsorption rate and the one step growth of mycobacteriophages But these attempts were not successful, because Tween 80 prevented the adsorption of mycobacteriophages to the host bacteria. In the author's previous paper (Kawahara), the results of an examination of physicochemical characteristics of mycobacteriophages A₆, B₁ and C₃ were reported. In that paper, the effects of four kinds of surface active agents on adsorption and multiplication in Mycobacterium sp. Jucho-mycobacteriophage B₁ system, the effects of them on free B₁ phage and Jucho strain growth, and calcium chloride effects on adsorption in the same system which Adams and Kay et al. had already observed in the other systems, were reported. The object of this present study is to reveal host mycobacteria-mycobacteriophage relationships.

View full abstract