A slightly significant augmentation of Ach (10^-6M)-induced contraction in the rat small intestine was observed by pretreatment with NEM (10^-7M), MC (10^-6M) or PA (10^-5M). Furthermore, pretreatment in high concentration of NEM or PCMB (2x10^-4-10^-3M), PA (10^-3M) or MC (10^-5-10^-3M) caused a marked inhibition of contractile response to Ach. There were a certain degree of suppression of the Ach uptake by the tissue and a marked increase of Ach level in the organ bath after incubation with NEM (10^-7M) or MC (10^-6M). These results seem to indicate that these SH-R have an affinity for the terminal cell of cholinergic nerve and the effector cell simultaneously, and they block the uptake of Ach to the former and inhibit the action of Ach to the latter. On the other hand, contractile response to Ach was slightly increased by addition of ME, CY or PE (10^-5M), while the response was depressed after treatment in high doses of them (10^-4-10^-3M). Increase of Ach content in the tissue was observed after incubation of CY (10^-5M) and decrement of Ach level in the organ bath was noted after incubation of CY or PE (10^-5M). From these results, it is likely that these SH-C affect on the terminal cell of cholinergic nerve and the effector cell, and they augment the uptake of Ach to the terminal cell and also accelerate the action of Ach to the effector cell.

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Contraction of the small intestine of guinea-pig by PA (2×10^-4M) was completely inhibited after administration of TTX (10^-7M), whereas higher concentration of MP or PP was required to produce a comparable inhibition of the effect of PA. After treatment with TTX or MP (both 5×10^-7M), there was a slight enhancement of contraction by Ach (10^-7M), while the same concentration of PP failed to produce any appreciable effect for Achinduced contraction. Pretreatment of 10^-4M of PP resulted a certain degree of inhibition of Ach-induced contraction, whereas no effect was exerted at all after comparable doses of TTX or MP. When the tissue was pretreated with TTX (5×10^-7M), there were a suppression of the Ach liberation by PA (2×10^-4M) and a slight reduction of the Ach uptake by tissue. These results seem to indicate that TTX, like MP, having affinity for the terminal cell of cholinergic nerve but being devoid of effect on the effector-cell, inhibits the release and uptake of Ach.

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Glycopeptides in normal human urine were assayed by determining the carbohydrate content of material which remained after proteolysis. Fractionation of nondialyzable glycopeptide by DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography yielded five fraction which were characterized by an increase in peptide and sialic acid as the molarity of Tris-HCl buffer increased. The sugar components consisted of galactose, mannose, fucose, sialic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine.

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This is a preliminary report for understanding biochemical mechanism underlying social isolation-induced behavioral changes.Both male and female Wistar rats were isolated since weaning and every two weeks general behavior in the open-field situation was observed and every four weeks muricide was checked by means of putting a mouse in the rat's home cage for 30 minutes.After 12 weeks from the start of isolation, the rats were decapitated and the levels of NA, DA, serotonin and 5-HIAA on whole brains except cerebellum were measured by fluorimetric procedures.Isolated rats showed significantly higher frequency of blocks traversed than those of the grouped rats on the 91st and the 105th day after birth, and brain noradrenaline level of isolated rats was significantly higher than that of grouped, whereas there were no significant changes in the brain levels of DA, serotonin and 5-HIAA.

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The effects of various therapeutic drugs for ulcer on oxygen consumption and anaerobic glycolysis of the gastric mucosa and the ulcer tissue were investigated utilizing Warburg manometer, the oxygen consumption and the glycolysis were markedly promoted with 3 types of drugs, namely Calf Blood Ex., Gefarnate and Human Placenta Ex. Accordingly, it seems that the results mentioned above can be one of the guides for the clinical treatment of peptic ulcer.

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Immunofluorescent staining of the gastrointestinal mucosa-specific glycoproteins was carried out on carcinoma cells in serous effusions. Disseminated adenocarcinoma cells of poor differentiation, metastasized from the gastrointestinal tracts, fluoresced as intensely as those in the primary lesions. Fluorescence appeared independently upon the intensity of usual mucus staining. This technique was found to be useful to differentiate carcinoma cells of gastrointestinal origin from the others. Mesothelial cells and other inflammatory cells were completely devoid of fluorescence.

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The observation through the transmission electron microscope on the follicular lymphoma, which appeared in the left side lower jaw and the same side cervical regions of a 41-year-old male, is as follows.1) The tumor cell consisting of a follicule exists close with one another and this tumor cell consists of three kinds of cells - - clear cell, dark cell and small lymphocytes.2) The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio in the tumor cell is large, and pseudoinclusion bodies can be observed in the clear cells.3) The development of the tumor cells within the cytoplasmic organelle is various and in the dark cell exist various kinds of inclusion bodies.4) Each of the tumor cells comparatively exists rather smoothly and desmosome-like junction can not be observed, and the collagen fiber running a furnicular structure can be seen between the tumor cells.From the above mentioned findings, it is suggested that the tumor tissue considerably originates from the lymphathic cells.

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