The effect of high pressure, 10 Kg/cm², was examined with respect to Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. High pressure affected about 20% of cercariae in the pressurizing period, having them lose their tails and sedimenting them to the bottom of the test tubes. These cercariae might cause lower infectivity at 2 hours after pressurization and high death rate at 24 hours. At 24 hours after pressurization the infection rate were practically same for the pressurized and the control cercariae.

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Various staining methods of experimentally produced myocardial infarction were examined and compared about their specificity, reliability and practical use. Results obtained are as follows: ischemic areas showed positive staining as early as 1 hour after coronary ligation by HBFP staining and later, PTAH and Azan staining methods revealed pathologic changes of myocardium. Ischemic myocardium was homogenous purpule in colour and Azan staining is purpulish-red. To detect the effect of early myocardial infarction, HBFP, PTAH and Azan staining methods are useful.

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It was found that cells of mycoplasmas derived from human and other sources, except Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, clot either citrated or haparinized plasmas of human and rabbit. The phenomenon required that mycoplasma cells contained approxi-mately more than 10⁸ or 10⁹ colony forming units per milliliter, depending upon the strains tested. At present, this is not useful as a marker for classification of mycoplasma. Bicchemical characteristics of the phenomenon are not clear.

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The effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the four species of mycobacteria were evaluated. The rapidly growing saprophytic species were more resistant to UV irradiation than the slow-growing pathogens. All the species investigated were capable of photoreactivation. This photoreactivation depended upon the amount of UV exposure. Thus, it seems all the mycobacterial species have a photoreactivating repair system.

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In glycerol-treated sartorius muscle fibres, membranes were depolarized to about-30 mV when muscle fibres were perfused with Ca-free solution containing 2 mM EGTA. Under such a condition, muscle fibres were able to produce not only an initial spike potential (initial SP) but also a following slow depolarizing response (slow DR) forming a plateau phase by cathodal current pulse when membrane was previously hyperpolarized up to -80 mV by extrinsic anodal currents. The membrane conductance during a generation of these responses increased. Both initial SP and slow DR were abolished reversibly by removing external sodium ions. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) blocked a generation of the initial SP but did not affect on the slow DR. On the other hand, D-600 did not affect on the initial SP but blocked a generation of the slow DR. It is concluded that these responses are generated in the surface membrane and that the initial SP is produced by a movement of sodium ions through the sodium channels and the slow DR is produced by a movement of sodium ions through the calcium channels.

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The liver specimens obtained from two patients with primary amyloidosis were examined with light and electron microscopies. One patient, considered to be in the early stage, showed minimal deposits of amyloid in the portal area and space of Disse. The other, being in advanced stage, had massive deposits of amyloid through the entire lobules, and the hepatocytes seemed to be compressed by them, resulting in hepatocellular degeneration. The cellular origin of amyloid still remains uncertain. From this study, however, it seemed that the reticuloendothelial cell, especially Kupffer cell, has a close relation to amyloid production.

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The exposure of mitochondrial suspension to a broad spectrum ultraviolet light produced a lipoperoxide which was directly proportional radiant energy. The oxygen consumption of state 4 in mitochondrial respiration increased gradually, the ADP/O ratio and respiratory control ratio were decreased with an increasing dose of radiant energy. These photobiochemical changes in mitochondria were produced by ultraviolet light in the range of 260-300 nm in wavelength.

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Urinary organic acid of neonate and adult were analyzed by the use of gas chromatography (GLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after extraction with diethyl ether at pH 1. Similar chromatograms were obtained from urines of both neonate and adult. Standard deviations of all peaks were relatively low in neonates as compared with those of the adults. None of specific compound was found in neonatal urine, that is, almost the same kinds of compounds were found to be excreted in nearly the same quantity in urine of neonate and adult. Although fatty acids of palmitic acid and stearic acid are excreted in fairly large amounts into neonatal urine, this may be due to milk fat intake. And excretion of large amounts of fumaric acid and succinic acid in neonate suggests more synthesis of ATP due to neonatal development. A relatively less amounts of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid was excreted in urine of the neonate, because of altered tyrosine metabolism due to enhancement of protein synthesis.

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Purine nucleoside phosphrylase (purine nucleoside : orthophospate ribosyl transferase PNPase, EC 2. 4. 2. 1) was purified 237-fold in a specific activity from cow snout epidermis. Inosine was highly utilized as substrate among the purine nucleosides tested. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated at about 80, 000 by the use of Sephadex G-200 gelfiltration. The Michaelis constant for inosine was 0.04 mM. There was no immunological cross-reactivity between antiserum of cow snout epidermal PNPase and calf spleen PNPase or extracts of cow liver, intestinal epitherium, kidney.

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It has been known that pathological findings of herpes shimplex encephalitis first described by Smith et al. (1941) were almost similar to those of acute necrotiging encephalitis (van Bogaert et al., 1955). In those cases, necrotic lesions were seen in the cerebral basal surface (mainly the temporal lobe), and intranuclear inclusions of Cowdry A type were found in the oligodendrocytes and nerve cells. We would like to report two cases showing similarr histopathological findings to those of van Bogaert and electronmicroscopically containing herpes simplex like particles in their oligodendrocytes. However, laboratory examinations such as viral isolation, demonstration of virus by use of fluorescence antibody techniques and serum antibody titer were not carried out in the present cases.

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