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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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GARY B. GLAVIN, MASATOSHI TANAKA, AKIRA TSUDA, YASUKO KOHNO, YOSHIO HO ...1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 31-34
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study sought to examine pre-stress manipulations designed to alter brain NA levels in animals prior to their being exposed to the acute stressor of supine restraint-cold. Forty rats were divided into five equal groups which were given either no pre-treatment (control) ; a brief swim; a 1 hr. period of random, inescapable footshock; a 1 hr, period of footshock pre-ceded by desipramne HCl administration; or a single injection of methampheta -mine HCl. Following 3 hrs. of supine restraint-cold, all rats were decapitated and their brains removed and analyzed fluorometrically for NA, DA and MHPG -SO4. Stomach, thymus, spleen and adrenals were also dissected and examined. Trunk blood was also assayed for plasma corticosterone. Results showed that cold swim pre-treatment produced significantly decreased NA level and signifi-cantly elevated MHPG-SO4 level, indicative of greater NA turnover. These animals also displayed the greatest extent of gastric damage. Desipramine at-tenuated the effects of inescapable shock exposure and along with the metham-phetamine -treated animals, displayed less gastrointestinal ulcers. A modest relationship was observed between NA level and ulcer frequency. It is suggested that brain NA level prior to exposure to an acutely stressful situation is an important determinant of the severity of the pathophysiological response of an organism to that situation.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
MASATOSHI TANAKA, YASUKO KOHNO, RYOICHI NAKAGAWA, TADASHI NISHIKAWA, A ...1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 35-43
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMale Wistar rats were exposed to immobilization stress for 30 to 120 min. Changes in the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in six brain regions. Immobilization stress virtually did not affect 5-HT levels at any time with the exception of a significant increase in 5-HT levels in the amygdala at 30 min. In contrast, within 30 min, immobilization stress caused significant increases in 5-HIAA levels in the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and pons+med. obl. Significant increases in 5-HIAA levels were observed at 60 min in the hippocampus and at 60 and 120 min in the pons+med. obi., while 5-HIAA returned to control levels in the other regions at both 60 and 120 min. After an i. p. injection of probenecid at 200 mg/kg, the stressed rats showed significantly higher 5 -HIAA levels in the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebral cortex and pons+med. obi. within 30 min as compared to those in the non-stressed rats, however, these increases were continued in the thalamus and hippocampus even at 60 and 120 min. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly increased at 30 min and were manitained at the same levels for up to 120 min of stress. These results suggest that immobilization stress causes increases in 5-HT turnover in many brain regions including the hypo-thalamus and that the increases in most regions, in particular, in the hypo-thalamus and amygdala, occur rapidly and transiently.View full abstractDownload PDF (947K) -
RYOICHI NAKAGAWA, MASATOSHI TANAKA, YASUKO KOHNO, YOSHISHIGE IDA, KENI ...1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 45-50
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of altered pituitary-adrenocortical function on contents of noradrenaline (NA) and its principal metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO4) in brain regions of the rat exposed to acute intense stress (electric tail shock under conditions of immobilization) were investigated. Bilateral adrenalectomy significantly potentiated the stress-induced decreases in NA contents in the hypothalamus and thalamus, and the increases in MHPG-SO4 levels in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and thalamus. Supplementary administration of corticosterone attenuated both of these decreases of the amine and the increases of the metabolite. The results suggest that glucocorticoid secreted via the pituitary-adrenocortical axis has an inhibitory effect in part on the increased turnover of NA in some brain regions induced by acute intense stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (1521K) -
YOKO YOSHITAKE, TOSHIKO NAKASHIMA, KAZUNORI TSUBAKI, MASAHIRO NAKAMURA1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 51-56
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the maintenance of viability of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma salivarium, Acholeplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma granularum, and Spiroplasma mirum, SMCA strain, outside the human and animal bodies and plant tissues, these mycoplasmal cells were kept in two kinds of solutions and at different temperatures, and their survival periods were measured. The results obtained indicate that, in general, except for M, sali-varium, a solution containing a high concentration of protein, i. e. horse serum and albumin, is more suitable than a solution containing horse serum only for maintaining viability, and that a low temperature is better than a high tem-perature, as expected. In the results obtained here, the survival periods of M. pneumoniae, M. salivarium, A. laidlawii, A. granularum and S. mirum SMCA in phosphate buffered saline containing 1% horse serum and 0.1% bovine serum albumin V (PBS, HS, BSA) were approximately 80, 30, 230, 200 and 100 days, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
HIROMI TASHIRO, SEIKI NANBU, MASARU TAKAGI, HIDESHI HORI, MICHIMASA SU ...1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 57-66
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA systematic epidemiological study was conducted on 40 to 64 year old male inhabitants of an agricultural village in Kyushu in 1958 and 1977. The study investigated the prevalence of obesity and its relationship to hyper-tension. 1) The mean body weight of the subjects at each body height was significantly higher in 1977 than in 1958. The prevalence of obesity based on relative body weight was significantly higher in 1977. This increase was espe-cially pronounced in the 40-49 age group. 2) The prevalence of hypertension was nearly the same in lean, intermediate, and obese body types in 1958. There was a general increase in the number of hypertensive subjects in 1977, and the increase was greater in the obese group than in the other two groups. 3) The mean serum cholesterol levels were not different among the different body types in 1961. In 1977, significantly higher cholesterol values within the normal range were obtained in the obese group than in the lean group, espe-cially at 40-49 and 50-59 years of age. No difference was noted in the preva-lence of hypercholesterolemia (above 250 mg/dl). These observations indicate that changes in the health and disease structure of Japan have resulted from the modifications in the Japanese life style such as diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (2487K) -
MIKIE KOJIMA-NISHIMURA, TAKASHI AKASU1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 67-71
Published: September 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: August 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1484K)
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