The levels of noradrenaline (NA) and its major metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol sulfate (MHPG-SO₄), in the hypothalamus of male Wistar rats were evaluated after 3, 6 or 21 hr of exposure to controllable and uncontrollable shocks. After 3 and 6 hr in the discriminated Sidman avoidance/escape stress-session, experimental rats which could avoid or escape shock (i, e., controllable shock) had lower NA levels and higher levels of MHPG-SO₄ than did yoked rats which were given the same shock but could not avoid or escape the shock (i. e., uncontrollable shock). After 21 hr of stress, however, the enhancement of NA turnover in the experimental rats were much smaller than in the matched yoked rats which had elevated levels of MHPG-SO₄ in the 6-hr and 21-hr stress-sessions. Responses of noradrenergic neurons in the control rats were negligible when compared with the experimental and yoked rats at each stress duration. These results suggest that hypothalamic NA turnover is increased before the experimental animals have learned the effective coping responses, and that the NA turnover is reduced when the rats learn to cope with the shock. The yoked rats had no opportunity to learn to cope with the shock, and hence were helpless. The turnover of NA in these rats remained enhanced at all stress durations and there was also a greater increase in hypothalamic MHPG-SO₄ content, relative to the experimental rats at 21-hr stress duration. It is suggested that coping with stress involves activity of noradrenergic neurons in the brain.

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A case of cerebellar infarction associated with obstructive hydrocephalus which was successfully treated by ventricular drainage was reported. The significance of surgical treatments for selected patients with massive cerebellar infarction was also discussed.

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To clarify the relationship between electrocardiographic abnor malities and the histopathology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 43 cases of HCM were studied electrocardiographically observing 1) abnormal Q waves, 2) QRS axis and voltages, 3) depth of negative P waves in V₁, 4) giant negative T waves and 5) degree of ST segment depression. Each biopsied specimen was checked microscopically for 1) hypertrophy, 2) disarray and 3) fibrosis. Hypertrophy was graded from (0) to (3+) by the mean value of the shortest transverse diameters of at least 30 myocytes under hematoxylin-eosin stain. Disarray was graded from (0) to (3+) according to the degree of disarrangement of the myocytes under phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stain. Fibrosis was graded from (0) to (3+) by the % area counting method under Malloryazan stain. Multiple abnormal Q waves were associated with fibrosis in the presence of hypertrophy (p<0.01). HCM with SV₁+RV_5-6<35 mm had significantly more advanced fibrosis (p<0.001) and disarray (p<0.01) than HCM with SV₁+RV_5-6≥35 mm. The depth of the negative P in V₁ reflected the degree of hypertrophy, disarray and fibrosis in HCM. HCM with giant negative T waves and ST segment depression (≥ 2 mm) had significantly milder fibrosis (p<0.01) and milder disarray (p<0.05) in the presence of hypertrophy.

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Parkinsonism occurs in 1-2% of patients with whole brain tumors. The authors describe a case of 70-year-old woman who presented with a bilateral tremor of her upper limbs. CT scan revealed a convexity meningioma. Symptoms gradually improved after total removal of the tumor. It was concluded that the parkinsonian symptoms associated with the tumor were caused by mechanical pressure on the basal ganglia.

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The arginase activity in peripheral erythrocytes from individuals of various age groups was studied. The mean arginase activity was highest in the neonates, but there was no statistically significant difference between the infants and children or adults. There was no difference in the enzyme activities of males and females. A comparison was made between arginase activities in blood specimens obtained by venipuncture and those collected in capillary tubes, which revealed a high correlation. This method permits measurement of arginase activity in small amounts (approximately 250 μl) of blood, which renders determination of the enzyme activity easily applicable to neonates.

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103 patients had a second-look operation in the course of management of cancer of the ovary. Patients were stratified according to three indications: (1) resection of the residual tumor following chemotherapy, (2) evaluation of the disease with intents to stop chemotherapy and assess signs of recurrence or persistence, and (3) surgical indication. The first group consisted of 34 patients. In 30 of 34 patients in this group, complete or incomplete removal of the residual tumor was possible, and the survival curves indicated that removal of the residual tumor during the second look operation improved the survival rate. The second group consisted of 50 patients. No evidence of disease was found in 35 of the 50 patients in this group. Four patients with negative second-look operations developed recurrences, and 3 patients died from the disease.

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A chemical carcinogen, 7, 12 dimethylbenz (a) anthracene, was applied directly to the testis of Wistar rats. After application for ten months, a primary testicular tumor was found in three of nine rats. Histologic examination of the neoplasms indicated that they were primarily squamous cell carcinomas. This is the first report demonstrating induced epidermoid carcinoma in rat testis, although the exact histogenesis remains unknown.

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