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Volume 22 (1981)
- Issue 6 Pages 455-
- Issue 5 Pages 339-
- Issue 4 Pages 263-
- Issue 3 Pages 183-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yoji SEKI, Takashi FUKIMBARA, Eiichi MASTURA, Koji YAMADA1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 183-188_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRats were fed Chlorella powder, and the appearance of photosensitization was investigated in relation to chlorophyllase activity in the Chlorella powder. The sensitivities of different experimental animals to Photosensitization were also examined. The differences of chlorophyllase productivity among three strains of Chlorella were studied. The following results were obtained.
1. The appearance of photosensitization in rats seemed to be correlated with chlorophyllase activity in Chlorella powder, and particularly with total contents of formed chlorophyllide and initial pheophorbide.
2. It was observed that the rat was more sensitivity to the Photosensitization than the mouse.
3. It was found that the chlorophyllase activities in three strains of Chlorella were rather different from each other under the same conditions of culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Schunichi YOSHIKAWA, Mitsuo FUJIWARA1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 189-196_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method to determine 4 (5)-methylimidazole (4-MI) in food was developed.
4-MI was extracted with chloroform-ethyl ether-ethyl alcohol (2:2:1) mixture under alkaline conditions, followed by back extraction with 0.2N hydrochloric acid. The acidic aqueous phase was condensed to about 3ml in a rotary vacuum evaporator at 60°C. The extraction with chloroform and back extraction with 0.05N hydrochloric acid was carried out once more for the concentrate. Diazo reagent (sulfamine, sodium nitrite mixed solution) and sodium carbonate were added to the acidic aqueous phase and the resulting coloring substances were subjected to thin layer chromatography after transfer to ethyl acetate. A chromatoscanner (dual wavelength) was used for quantitative analysis of 4-MI. The recoveries of 4-MI were 93-103% in cola drinks, 73-83% in worcestershire sauces and 70-78% in tsukudanis of laver (cooked and seasoned laver).
4-MI was found in various kinds of foods by this method, and the concentration of 4-MI was especially high in worcestershire sauces (average 2.5ppm) and tsukudanis of laver (average 1.8ppm).View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
Determination of Butenolide (Fusarium Toxin) by Gas Chromatography with an Electron-capture DetectorToshimasa SUZUKI, Makoto KURISU, Norihide NOSE, Akinobu WATANABE1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 197-202_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSButenolide showed a high response to the electron-capture detector, so the micro analysis of butenolide in grains and cultures of Fusarium species was investigated by gas chromatography with an electron-capture detector (ECD-GC).
The present method was composed of the following steps: the sample was extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 5% lead acetate solution (3:1), and water was added to the extract. The aqueous acetonitrile was defatted with n-hexane and re-extracted with chloroform.
The chloroform extract was cleaned up by column chromatography on Wakogel S-1 and silica gel 60, and butenolide was determined by ECD-GC with a column (3mm×1m) of 2% DEGS+0.5% H3PO4 on Chromosorb W.
The detection limit by the present method was about 10ppb and recoveries of butenolide added to grains at levels of 0.04 and 0.08ppm ranged from 72.3 to 81.1%.
By this method, no butenolide could be detected in wheat and barley harvested in Saitama prefecture in 1977, although the concentration of the toxin ranged from 0.06 to 67.26ppm in rice cultures of F. graminearum, F. semitectum, F. tricinctum, F. avenaceum, F. acuminatum, F. sulphureum and F. spp. isolated from wheat and barley.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Yoshio YAMAURA, Hisashi MAEZAWA, Eigo TAKABATAKE, Takashi HASHIMOTO1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 203-208_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to identify the toxic mushrooms causing food poisoning and to obtain information useful in connection with medical treatment, an attempt was made to classify the mushrooms in terms of their biochemical effects.
The aqueous extract of Amanita virosa was injected intraperitoneally into mice and the components and enzyme activities in the liver and blood were determined.
The liver glycogen and blood glucose decreased to 10 and 50% of the control levels, respectively, within 6 hours after the injection of the mushroom extract. Serum transaminases, GOT and GPT, increased 3-6 hours after the injection and remained at high levels for 24 hours.
The liver weight increased significantly.
The contents of microsomal protein and triglycerides were not affected but that of glutathione was reduced.
The activities of enzymes involved in β-oxidation of fatty acids were decreased by 10% relative to the control.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
Fumiyo SAKO, Noriko KOBAYASHI, Katsumasa YABE, Naoyuki TANIGUCHI1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 209-214_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe toxicity of 14 commercial natural dyes which are widely used as food additives in Japan was studied on Paramecium caudatum. Laccaic acid and capsanthin were found to be very toxic to P. caudatum. Some of the commercially available carminic acid and crocin samples were also toxic. The effects of natural food dyes on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and esterase activities extracted from P. caudatum were studied in order to investigate the mechanism of toxicity. The inhibitory effects of natural food dyes on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and esterase in vitro were proportional to the toxic effects of the dyes expressed in terms of the survival time of P. caudatum. Low concentrations of laccaic acid (B Co. Ltd.) and carminic acid (A Co. Ltd.) inhibited γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity completely. The purity of the commercial natural food dyes was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and the differences in toxicity are discussed in relation to the components of the dyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
Studies on the Metabolism of Food Additives by Micro-organisms Inhabiting the Gastrointestinal Tract. VIMichiko MATSUI, Akio TANIMURA, Hiroshi KURATA1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 215-222_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper of this series, we reported that three kinds of bacteria, i. e., Clostridium sp., Propionibacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae, found in the gastrointestinal flora of the rabbit and guinea pig were recognized as cyclohexylamine (CHA)-forming bacteria by in vivo and in vitro conversion tests.
Further in vitro experiments to confirm the capability to form CHA from sodium cyclamate (CHS-NA) and to identify these bacterial cultures were carried out by the mass culture of bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal flora of a guinea pig as a model animal. The three kinds of bacteria were finally identified as Clostridium sordellii, Campylobacter sp., Propionibacterium acnes and P. acidipropionici. It was interesting that no single species of these bacteria was able to convert CHS-Na to CHA alone, but a combined culture of two, such as C. sordellii and Campylobacter sp., could convert CHA and moreover, when P. acnes or P. acidipropionici was added to this combined culture, an even higher ability to convert CHA was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (2998K) -
Studies on the Bacterial Contamination of Liquid (Frozen) Whole Eggs. IVAkira SUZUKI, Tsutomu KAWANISHI, Hirotaka KONUMA, Sumie TAKAYAMA, Chuh ...1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 223-232_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne hundred and ninety-six samples of unpasteurized and pasteurized whole eggs from 4 egg processing plants in the Kanto (C and D plants), Kansai (B plant), and Chubu (A plant) districts were bacterioligically examined to investigate Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus contamination and to observe the relationship between these bacteria and total bacteria or fecal indicators. The Following results were obtained.
1) The degree of contamination of eggs with Salmonella and Staphyl. aureus varied from plant to plant. In the unpasteurized eggs of A plant, the occurrence ratio of Salmonella was 11.7% (max. 24/g), and that of Staphyl. aureus was 50.0% (max. 600/g). In B plant the former was 84.1% (max. 540/g) and the latter was 72.2% (max. 400/g), and in C plant the occurrence ratios were 15.8% (max. 24/g) and 31.6% (max. 140/g), respectively. In the unpasteurized eggs of D plant, neither Salmonella nor Staphyl. aureus was detected.
2) The high occurrence ratio (84.1%) of Salmonella in the unpasteurized eggs from B plant seemed to be caused by prolonged storage of eggs, dirty eggs, and broken or cracked eggs, which were used without washing or disinfecting. In addition, complex contamination due to secondary contamination from the egg-breaking process and extension of contamination in the mixing tank was suspected.
3) The bacteriological status of unpasteurized eggs was greatly improved by pasteurization.
4) Total bacterial count and coliform count were related to the Salmonella occurrence ratio to some extent, and a high occurrence ratio was observed in the samples with total bacteria of more than 104/g or with a coliform count of more than 103/g. This relationship was observed for the total samples, but it did not seem to hold in the individual results for each plant. In the case of Staphyl. aureus, the relationship was less marked than in the case of Salmonella.
5) Coagulase types of Staphyl. aureus from unpasteurized eggs were II (56.4%), III (12.8%), VII (19.2%), and VIII (6.4%).
6) Salmonella detected in unpasteurized eggs were classified into K group (71.4%), C1 (26.4%), C2 (1.4%), and E4 (0.7%) with commercial 0 sera. These Salmonella were identified as S. braenderup, S. senftenberg, S. thompson, S. infantis, S. mbandaka, and S. cerro, S. cerro was detected most frequently among the above Salmonella.View full abstractDownload PDF (1117K) -
Ken-ichi NAKASHIMA, Teiko NAKAGAWA, Shitoku ERA1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 233-238_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of diphenyl (DP) and o-phenylphenol (OPP) in citrus fruits was investigated. DP and OPP were steam-distilled into cyclohexane from a citrus fruit homogenate. The cyclohexane extract, after addition of naphthalene as an internal standard, was injected into a chromatograph without any preliminary clean-up procedure. High-performance liquid chromatography was carried out using a column packed with Zorbax ODS and an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric detector. Gradient elution with water-methanol effectively separated the preservatives from citrus oil components and shortened the analysis time. The time required for chromatographic separation was less than 15 minutes. The method could be successfully applied to samples of lemon, grapefruit, navel orange and Japanese citrus fruits such as Unshumikan, Hassaku, Iyokan, Ponkan, and Kinkan. The limits of detection were 1ng of DP and 1.5ng of OPP. Recoveries of DP (70ppm) and OPP (10ppm) added to Unshumikan were 95.6±4.4% and 91.2±5.5%, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (579K) -
Mitsuo NAKAZATO, Masamitsu KANMURI, Takanari ARIGA, Kenji FUJINUMA, Ya ...1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 239-245_1
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analytical method was investigated for the systematic detection and determination of 7 antioxidants: 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA), 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), n-propyl gallate (PG), nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid (NGDA), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), 4-hydroxymethyl-2, 6-di-tert-butylphenol (HMBP), and 2, 4, 5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP).
The method was as follows. The sample was dissolved in n-pentane and extracted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract was separated by thin layer chromatography using silica gel. The spots were detected by spraying with 2, 6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide, phosphomolybdic acid and dimethylamine as chromogenic reagents. For systematic determination, the acetonitrile extract was divided into two fractions by polyamide column chromatography. The first 3 antioxidants (BHT, BHA, HMBP) were eluted with benzene and the remaining 4 antioxidants (TBHQ, THBP, PG, NDGA) were eluted with ethyl acetate-methanol (4:1). The first fraction was directly analyzed by gas chromatography, and the second fraction was silylated with N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide then analyzed by gas chromatography.
The recoveries of the 7 antioxidants added to various edible oils were in the range of 79-95%.
The present method was found to be satisfactory for the systematic determination of the 7 antioxidants.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Isao WATANABE, Ryoichi TANAKA, Takashi KASHIMOTO1981 Volume 22 Issue 3 Pages 246-247
Published: June 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (195K)
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