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Volume 34, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Hideaki MIYATA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1428K) -
Food Hygienic Studies of Toxigenic Basidiomycotina. IKoujun TSUNODA, Noriko INOUE, Yasuo AOYAGI, Tatsuyuki SUGAHARA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 12-17_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA convenient analytical method for ibotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS) in a toxic mushroom, Amanita muscaria (A. muscaria), was developed. IBO and MUS in the mushroom were extracted with 70% methanol. After filtration, IBO and MUS in the extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector set at 210nm. The HPLC system adopted was ion-pair chromatography in the reverse-phase mode on an IRICA RP-18 (C18) column (4.0mm×25cm) with sodium dodecyl sulfate as a counter ion. Recoveries of IBO and MUS added to the sample were more than 98%, and the minimum detectable concentration of IBO or MUS was about 1ppm. The concentrations of IBO and MUS in A. muscaria ranged from 258 to 471ppm and from 18 to 27ppm, respectively. Neither of the compounds was detected in commercial edible mushrooms.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Food Hygienic Studies of Toxigenic Basidiomycotina. IIKoujun TSUNODA, Noriko INOUE, Yasuo AOYAGI, Tatsuyuki SUGAHARA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 18-24_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIbotenic acid (IBO) and muscimol (MUS) in the fruit body of Amanita muscaria during the reproduction stage were investigated. The mean levels of IBO and MUS throughout the fruit were x: 343ppm and x: 22ppm, respectively; most was detected in the cap of the fruit (IBO x: 519ppm, MUS x: 30ppm), then in the base (IBO x: 290ppm, MUS x: 20ppm), with the smallest amount in the stalk (IBO x: 253ppm, MUS x: 17ppm).
The concentrations of IBO and MUS in the cap decreased gradually after increasing early on, and those in the stalk decreased gradually, where as in the base there was an increase; the levels in the whole body were nearly constant during maturation. Since the changes were similar in lone and colonial mushrooms, difference of mushroom-growing location had no influence on the concentrations of IBO and MUS. Also, difference of size of the fruit body had no influence on the concentrations of IBO and MUS. The large variations of the IBO and MUS contents may depend on individual differences of growth circumstances. Although the fruit body grew to about 6 times the weight of the base during maturation, the concentration of IBO remained nearly constant.
Detection of MUS may reflect the enzymatic decarboxylation of IBO before the analysis, since the changes in the concentration of MUS paralleled those of IBO at a lower level.View full abstractDownload PDF (789K) -
Koujun TSUNODA, Noriko INOUE, Mitsuo TACHIBANA, Mitsuo AOYAMA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 25-31_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA convenient discriminative determination of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) in chlorophyll and chlorophyllin complexes was developed. Vegetable samples were extracted with ethanol, and chewing gum samples with n-butyl acetate, ethanol and water. The metal chlorophyll (Cu, Fe and Mg) and metal chlorophyllin (Cu, Fe and Mg) in the extracts were purified and separated at either pH 8-9 or pH 5-6 by making use of partition chromatography with n-butyl acetate-ethanol-water (10:40:60). The metal in the discriminated chlorophyll and chlorophyllin was determined with a flame-type atomic absorption spectrometer.
The recoveries of metal chlorophylls and chlorophyllins were as follows: Cu chlorophyll, 88%; Fe chlorophyll, 64%; Mg chlorophyll, 79% and Cu chlorophyllin, 87%; Fe chlorophyllin, 80%; Mg chlorophyllin, 87%.
We have carried out a survey on metal chlorophyll and chlorophyllin in 36 vegetables and 5 chewing gums and found that some of them contained metal chlorophylls and chlorophyllins at the level of 0.1ppm or over.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
Tadao MAEDA, Chie OKANO, Akira MIYAKE, Junichi SAWA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 32-37_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn enzymatic method for determination of choline in milk and dairy products was developed. Samples were hydrolyzed for 45min at 100°C with 6N hydrochloric acid, and neutralized with 6N sodium hydroxide. For decomposition of residual H2O2 produced during the hydrolysis reaction, 0.8ml of 0.8% catalase solution was added, and decolorized with active carbon. Then 2.5ml of the filtrate was added to an equal volume of color reagent (Phospholipids C-Test Wako), and allowed to react for 5min at 37°C, and the absorbance was read at 600nm by spectrophotometer.
A linear calibration plot for choline chloride was obtained between 1 and 20μg/ml. The recovery of choline (8-13mg/100ml) added to milk was more than 96%.
This method is simple, rapid and accurate, and may be useful for the determination of choline in food.View full abstractDownload PDF (793K) -
Yuiko TAKEDA, Mieko KAMIKURA, Tadashi SHIBATA, Yoshio ITO, Kunitoshi Y ...1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 38-44_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simple method for the simultaneous determination of the lower- and higher-sulfonated subsidiary colors in Food Red No. 40 by high performance liquid chromatography was developed.
The sample solution was directly chromatographed on an ODS-column with a gradient of 0% to 100% methanol in 0.1M ammonium acetate over 50min. Detection was achieved with a VIS monitor set at 515nm.
In analysis of commercial Food Red No. 40, the sum of lower-sulfonated subsidiary colors was 0.28% to 1.31%, and the sum of higher-sulfonated ones was 0.14% to 0.60%. The detection limits of quantitative determination by the proposed method were 0.02% for each compound. These techniques enable us to monitor rapidly some subsidiary colors in commercial samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Kenshi YAMASHITA, Yutaka SAKAGUCHI, Tsutomu AOKI, Yoshio NAKANO, Seiji ...1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 45-49_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifty-two specimens of the pufferfish, Amblyrhychotes hyoselogenion (“shippouhugu”), were landed at Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market in December 1991. Muscle, skin, liver and gonad were examined for toxicity by means of the mouse assay method and a high performance liquid chromatographic method.
Liver and ovary were highly toxic in all the specimens tested and the highest toxicity scores were 2, 400 and 3, 000MU/g, respectively. The skin was weakly toxic: the frequency of toxic specimens was 98% and the highest toxicity score was 76MU/g. The testis was weakly toxic: the frequency of toxic specimens was 12% and the highest toxicity score was 22MU/g. One out of fifty-two specimens possessed toxic muscle (15MU/g).
A significant correlation was found between the mouse assay results and high performance liquid chromatographic data (r=0.996).View full abstractDownload PDF (460K) -
Manabu ASAKAWA, Keisuke MIYAZAWA, Tamao NOGUCHI1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 50-54_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn April, 1992, paralytic toxicity substantially exceeding the quarantine limit of 4MU/g edible part as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) was detected in cultured oyster Crassostrea gigas, mussel Mytilus edulis and short-necked clam Tapes (Amygdala) japonica from Hiroshima Bay, Hiroshima Prefecture concomitantly with the appearance of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. The toxicities were 31.4MU/g for oyster, 214.6MU/g for mussel and 20.3MU/g for short-necked clam on 22nd April.
Attempts were made to identify the paralytic toxin in these bivalves. They were extracted with 80% ethanol (pH 3.5), followed by defatting with dichloromethane. The aqueous layer obtained was ultrafiltered through a Diaflo YM-2 membrane (Amicon) to eliminate substances of more than 1, 000 daltons, treated with activated charcoal and then applied to a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge (Waters). The unbound toxic fraction was analyzed by HPLC. In gonyautoxin (GTX) analysis of each toxin, protogonyautoxin-1, 2 (PX1, 2; epi-GTX8, GTX8; C1, 2), GTX4, GTX1, GTX3 and GTX2 were detected. In saxitoxin (STX) analysis, a small peak of STX was detected in mussel and short-necked clam toxin, but not in the oyster toxin. Consequently, the toxin of the bivalves in Hiroshima Bay was found to be comprised of GTX1-4 as the major components, which accounted for approximately 92-95% (mole ratio) of all components, with a trace of STX. In all cases, GTX1 was the major component (approximately 51-55%; mole ratio). On the other hand, the content of PX1, 2, which are N-sulfocarbamoyl derivatives, was 1.6-4.5% (mole ratio) irrespective of the sample.
It was concluded from these results that the toxin of the above bivalves collected in Hiroshima Bay in April, 1992 consisted predominantly of PSP, possibly derived from the toxic plankton A. tamarense detected there.View full abstractDownload PDF (628K) -
Kentaro YOSHIKAWA, Yumiko MURATA, Katsuhiro INAGAKI, Ryosuke MURAO, Ta ...1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 55-62_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew foods added to the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (fourth revised edition) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and added to a “Table of Sugars in Foods” arranged in the same way as the “Standard Tables”. The usefulness of the revised table of sugars was evaluated by preparation of dishes commonly eaten in Japan and analysis for five sugars. The values obtained were compared with values calculated from the table of sugars. The correlation was satisfactory (r=0.860 for fructose, r=0.926 for glucose, r=0.914 for sucrose, r=0.962 for maltose, and r=0.974 for lactose). By the 24-hr recall method, the mean intake by 70 college men resident in Osaka City was calculated to be 12.3±11.0g for fructose, 16.0±11.2g for glucose, 37.9±23.9g for sucrose, 1.5±2.1g for maltose, and 11.7±12.0g for lactose. The mean intake by 70 college women resident in Osaka City was calculated to be 7.0±5.4g for fructose, 9.4±5.5g for glucose, 22.8±15.8g for sucrose, 2.2±5.2g for maltose, and 4.6±6.6g for lactose.View full abstractDownload PDF (838K) -
Akiko SATO, Michinori TERAO, Miyako ISHIBASHI1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 63-67_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) was prepared from homogenate of fresh garlic bulbs blended with an equal weight of water. This mixture was then sterilized by filtration. The antibacterial effects of garlic extract on Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied by using heart infusion broth containing 3% NaCl (Hl broth) and two kinds of fish meat homogenate. We found that garlic extract had a strong growth inhibitory activity against V. parahaemolyticus in both the Hl broth and fish meat homogenate.
When Hl broth containing 2.5% garlic extract was used as the growth media, no bacterial growth of V. parahaemolyticus was observed during one day's incubation. The addition of 5% garlic extract to horse mackerel meat homogenate caused a 93% decrease in the 105 inocula of tested bacteria. In the bonito meat homogenate, 5% garlic extract only slightly inhibited growth while 10% garlic extract resulted in an 85% decrease in the 104 inocula of tested bacteria. Experiments using autoclaved raw fish meat of the above-mentioned two species gave almost the same results.
The antibacterial activity of garlic extract was stable on storage at 4°C for 5 days, but decreased on storage at 25°C for 2 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Keizo UMEGAKI, Sachie IKEGAMI, Tomio ICHIKAWA1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 68-73_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of organochlorine chemicals, mainly pesticides, on DNA single-strand breaks (DNA SSB) and the formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in DNA were examined in mouse liver. Male mice were treated with organochlorine chemicals per os for 5 days, and killed 4hrs after the last administration. The daily dose of each chemical was about one-fifth of the reported LD50. The chemicals examined were endrin, dieldrin, γ-BHC, chlorpyrifos, heptachlor, pentachloronitrobenzene, pp′-DDT, pentachlorophenol, chlordane, 2, 4-D, mirex, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, chlorobenzilate, methoxychlor and trichloroethylene. The administrations of dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, mirex, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, chlorobenzilate, and trichloroethylene significantly increased relative liver weight. The 8-OHdG level in hepatic DNA of vehicle-treated mice was 1.2per 105 dG and comparable values were found in all groups treated with the chemicals. Hepatic DNA SSBs in mice treated with trichloroethylene and pentachlorophenol were significantly enhanced, but the effect was slight.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Yoko KAWAMURA, Siga HIKIDI, Kouji MARUYAMA, Sadao UCHIYAMA, Yukio SAIT ...1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 74-79_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the direct determination of linamarin, a cyanogenic glycoside in beans, bean paste products and cassava flour was improved. A sample was extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water, cleaned up by using a solid-phase extraction cartridge, and trimethylsilylated, then linamarin was quantitated by FID-GC and confirmed by GC/MS. The detection limit of linamarin was 1μg/g in beans, 0.25μg/g in dry bean paste and 0.1μg/g in raw paste. The contents of linamarin in beans, bean paste products and cassava flour were surveyed. The contents of linamarin determined by the proposed method were in good accordance with those found by the headspace GC method.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Yoko KAWAMURA, Siga HIKIDI, Kouji MARUYAMA, Sadao UCHIYAMA, Yukio SAIT ...1993 Volume 34 Issue 1 Pages 80-83_1
Published: February 05, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of cyanogenic compounds in butter beans and baby lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.) during the manufacturing process of bean paste on a laboratory scale was investigated. Linamarin, the main cyanogenic glycoside in the beans, was analyzed by FID-GC after trimethylsilylation and free cyanide was analyzed by ECD-GC using the head-space method.
The changes of linamarin and free cyanide contents showed similar decreasing tendencies in both beans though there was a six-fold difference of cyanogen content between butter beans and baby lima beans. Linamarin and free cyanide decreased greatly during the soaking and refining processes, but they decreased little during the boiling process. The percentage of residual cyanogen in the final bean paste was 0.3% in both kinds of beans. Linamarin was the main cyanogenic component in the original beans and at each step.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K)
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