-
Tomotari MITSUOKA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
583-587
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Antibacterial action of hexametaphosphate on Staphylococcus aureus (Part 1)
Asao MATSUOKA, Masakazu TSUTSUMI, Tadao WATANABE
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
588-594_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A longer-chain polyphosphate exhibited a stronger antibacterial activity on
Staphylococcus aureus, although other polyphosphates had about the same chelation values. Hexametaphosphate (HP), a long-chain polyphosphate, showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.05% on the growth of
S. aureus and had the strongest antibacterial activity among the polyphosphates examined. The chelation value and growth inhibitory effect of HP, which was hydrolyzed into lower-molecular-weight substances by heating, gradually decreased during heating, but the patterns of decrease differed. These findings suggest that the antibacterial effect of HP on
S. aureus depends not only on its chelating ability, but also on its polymeric nature. At 0.05 to 1.0%, HP exhibited no bactericidal action against
S. aureus cells on incubation for 8hr; its action was bacteriostatic. The viability of HP-treated cells gradually decreased on an agar plate containing 7.5% sodium chloride but not on a normal agar plate during treatment. This result suggests that HP acts on the cell membrane and decreases the salt tolerance of
S. aureus. HP induced leakage of magnesium from cells into the medium, and increased the leakage of amino acids and low-molecular nucleic acid-related substances from cells into deionized water. The cells slowly leaked large amounts of magnesium and lowmolecular substances, a small amount of proteins and no nucleic acids during HP treatment for 6hr. These results suggest a weak action of HP on the cell membrane and some damage to the cell membrane by HP. It was thus assumed that the antibacterial action of HP on
S. aureus was caused by the loss of osmoregulation and selective permeability resulting from membrane damage, as well as a lowering of metabolic function arising from leakage of substrates.
View full abstract
-
Tsuneo HASHIMOTO, Tomoyuki MIYAZAKI, Yataro KOKUBO, Sumiko SUZUKI, Hir ...
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
595-600_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A method was developed for fluorescence determination of progesterone in beef by HPLC using fluorescence derivatization with dansylhydrazine (DnsH).
Beef was homogenized with MeCN and progesterone was extracted with dichloromethane.
The dichloromethane phase was dried well and purified by Bond Elut DEA cartridge and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Progesterone was labelled with DnsH and analyzed by HPLC on a reverse-phase column with MeCN-water (5:1) as the mobile phase. The eluate was monitored with a fluorophotometer at the excitation wavelength of 340nm and the emission wavelength of 520nm.
Progesterone in beef at levels as low as
ca. 2ppb was determined by the proposed method. Recoveries of progesterone added to beef at 5-100ppb were 85-92%.
View full abstract
-
Nobuyuki TAKEDA, Masahiko TSUJI, Yumi AKIYAMA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
601-606_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A simple and selective HPLC method was developed for the systematic determination of bentazone (BEN), imazaril (IMZ), inabenfide (INA), pyrazoxyfen (PYR) and chinomethionate (CIN) in imported brown rice. A rice sample was extracted with 70% MeCN and divided into three fractions (acidic, BEN; basic, IMZ/INA; neutral, PYR/CIN). The acidic and basic fractions were purified by partition between
n-hexane-dichloromethane (1:1) and either 0.01
M borate buffer (pH 10.4) for BEN or 0.1
M HCl for IMZ/INA, immediately before injection into the HPLC system. The PYR/CIN fraction was redissolved in isopropanol-MeCN (1:1) to remove lipid components. A sample was analyzed on an ODS column with a mobile phase of a mixture of MeCN-5m
M K
2HPO
4 [BEN: (20:80), pH 2.5; IMZ/INA: (35:65), pH 4.5; PYR/CIN: (55:5)] at 45°C IMZ and INA were determined from the UV absorption at 220nm. Other pesticides were determined by using a postcolumn photolysis-fluorescence detection system at an excitation wavelength (
Ex) of 329nm and emission wavelength (
Em) of 415nm for BEN,
Ex 333nm/
Em 405nm for PYR, and
Ex 377nm/
Em 450nm for CIN. Average recoveries ranged from 80.9 to 89.1% at a fortification level of 0.025μg/g. The limit of determination was 0.005μg/g for INA and 0.01μg/g for other pesticides. The method was applied to 24 brown rice samples, and all appeared to be free from the five pesticides.
View full abstract
-
Kunihiko TAKAHASHI, Rie ISHII, Masao IIJIMA, Youji HOSHINO
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
607-612_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Systematic determination of organophosphorus, pyrethroid and organonitrogen pesticides in vegetables and fruits by GC was developed. Pesticides were extracted from samples using acetone, and re-extracted into hexane. Organophosphorus pesticides in the extract were directly determined by FPD-GC. For determination of pyrethroid (ECD-GC) and organonitrogen (NPD-GC) pesticides, the extract was purified by Florisil column chromatography using 30% ethyl acetate-hexane.
The detection limits were 0.005-0.02ppm for pesticides. Organophosphorus, pyrethroid and organonitrogen pesticides were spiked at 0.1ppm, 0.2ppm and 0.2ppm, respectively. Except for dimethoate, ethiofencarb and lenacil, recoveries of pesticides were over 60%.
View full abstract
-
Yukari TSUMURA, Yumiko NAKAMURA, Yasuhide TONOGAI, Kazumi NAKATSUKA, T ...
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
613-621_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
An analytical method for 15 chemicals including dimepiperate, thenylchlor, probenazole, bromobutide and debromo-bromobutide has been developed by modifying the Japanese official analytical method for 10 organonitrogen pesticides notified in September 1993.
Ten grams of grain or 20g of vegetable or fruit was homogenized with acetone followed by extraction with ethyl acetate, and the extract was evaporated. In the case of grains, fat or oil was removed from the extract by
n-hexane-MeCN partitioning. Then the extract was purified by Florisil column chromatography and concentrated to 5ml. The concentrations of pesticides were determined by FTD-GC. Esprocarb, diethophencarb and thiobencarb in wheat could not be determined by FTD-GC because of interfering peaks, so they were determined by GC/MS (SIM). The recoveries of 15 chemicals in ten kinds of fortified agricultural products were 65.9-103.4% when they were fortified at levels of 0.5ppm for probenazole and 0.1ppm for the others. Detection limits were 0.005 to 0.05ppm for each pesticide.
View full abstract
-
Takeo SASAMOTO, Tomoyuki MIYAZAKI, Tsuneo HASHIMOTO, Yataro KOKUBO
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
622-626_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A high performance liquid chromatographic procedure with photodiode array detection was developed for determination of 4 chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (diflubenzuron, teflubenzuron, flufenoxuron, chlorfluazuron) and linuron in beef.
These agents were extracted with hexane-acetone (2:1). The extract was cleaned up by liquid-liquid partition between MeCN and hexane, followed by column chromatography on Bond Elut
® SI. HPLC was carried out on a Wakosil-II 5C18 HG column (4.6mm i. d.×250mm) with MeCN-H
2O (5:2) as the mobile phase. These compounds were detected at 250nm and 260nm. The mean recoveries of these compounds added to beef at 0.2μg/g were 82.9-96.7%. The detection limits of these compounds were 0.1μg/g in beef fat.
View full abstract
-
Yuji NAGASHIMA, Osamu ARAKAWA, Kazuo SHIOMI, Tamao NOGUCHI
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
627-631_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Paralytic toxicity in excess of the quarantine limit of 4 mouse unit (MU)/g as paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) was detected in ormer,
Haliotis tuberoulata, imported from Vigo, Spain, to Japan, between January and April, 1994. The ormer exhibited an unprecedented anatomical distribution of PSP toxicity. The muscular tissues were highly toxic, in comparison with the visceral ones. Most toxic was the foot (highest toxicity, 106MU/g), followed by the epipodium of the foot (30.9MU/g), mouth (33.2MU/g), viscera (15.6MU/g), right shell muscle (8.2MU/g), and digestive gland (3.7MU/g). The toxicity scores of ctenidium markedly varied in specimens (6.4-99.9MU/g).
PSPs were extracted from toxic specimens of the ormer with 80% ethanol acidified to pH 3-3.5, and partially purified by chromatography on a Sep-pak C18 cartridge column and ultrafiltration through an Ultrafree CL-LCC. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the ormer toxins apparently comprised members of the saxitoxin (STX) group, such as STX, neoSTX, and decarbamoylSTX (dcSTX). Regardless of the tissue, dcSTX was the major PSP component, which accounted for 83mol% (epipodium of foot) to 97mol% (digestive gland) of all toxin components. Electrospray ionization mass spectral analysis confirmed that the principal toxin component from the Spanish ormer was dcSTX. Neither gonyautoxin group nor C toxins (
N-sulfocarbamoyl-11-hydroxysulfate PSP derivatives) appeared in any tissues. No significant individual variation in PSP composition was observed. These results reveal toxification with PSPs of a herbivorous marine gastropod, and suggest a unique metabolism of PSPs in the ormer.
View full abstract
-
Toshimitsu KATO, Koji YAMADA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
632-634_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The relation between the appearance of photosensitivity and the level of total pheophorbide (the existing pheophorbide plus chlorophyllase activity) in spirulina, an edible alga, was investigated in rats. Three kinds of spirulina which contain 72, 92 and 151mg% respectively of total pheophorbide were tested in, three groups of Wistar-strain male rats, together with a control group, by feeding diet containing 10% of each spirulina to the test groups, and the regular diet to the control group for 10 days, and giving 4 hour of light exposure a day.
No symptom of photosensitivity was observed even in the group given spirulina containing 151mg% of total pheophorbide, as well as chlorella products which are restricted by law to contain less than 160mg% of total pheophorbide. There was no difference among the groups including the control in body weight, or serum GOT, GTP, potassium or sodium level.
View full abstract
-
Sakiko HIRAI, Yoshiki ONJI, Michiko SASAKI
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
635-638_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A simple and rapid determination of 24 organophosphorus pesticides in agricultural products by using high-purity graphitized carbon black (Supelclean Envi-Carb) cartridge clean-up was developed. Compared to the traditional clean-up method (activated carbon column chromatography or coagulating method), this method saved time and solvent, removed colored materials, and afforded sufficient recovery of 22 organophosphorus pesticides except two polar pesticides, methamidophos and acephate. The detection limit was 0.01-0.1ppm for agricultural products. The recoveries of methamidophos and acephate were 15.8% and 16.7%, while those of the other 22 organophosphorus pesticides were 66.3-88.3%.
View full abstract
-
Koichi SAITO, Masakazu HORIE, Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
639-642_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
A simple and rapid method has been developed for the determination of amines in foods by HPLC coupled with an on-column derivatization and a column-switching technique. The HPLC system enables automatic on-line sample clean-up and fluorescence derivatization for determination of eight kinds of amines: histamine, agmatine, tyramine, 1, 3-diaminopropane, putrescine, spermidine, spermine and cadaverine. A crude extract injected into the HPLC system was purified on a cationic ion-exchange polymer column, and the amines were labeled with
o-phthalaldehyde fluorophore by on-column derivatization, followed by chromatographic separation on a reversed-phase C
18 polymer column. Application of the method to some commercial canned fish products and dry sausages resulted in efficient detection of the seven kinds of amines.
View full abstract
-
Toshihiro NAGAYAMA, Maki KOBAYASHI, Hiroko SHIODA, Yukihiro TAMURA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
643-655_1
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
657
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
658
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
658a-659
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
659-660
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
660-662
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
662-663
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
663-664
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
664-665
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
665-666
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
666-667
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
668-669
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
669-670
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
670-671
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
671-672
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
673
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Satoshi TAKAYA
1995 Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages
674-677
Published: October 05, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2009
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
