最近の電気泳動法の進歩により,遺伝的に異型を示す血清蛋白が数多く発見されるようになった.Albについては,Knedel(1957)が遺伝性の血漿蛋白異常として報告したのが最初でDoppel-Albuminämieとして発表して以来,世界各地での報告がみられる.本邦では祖父江ら(1967)の1家系9名が最初で,現在まで20家系の報告がある.
私達はfast type 1家系,slow type 2家系を発見し,第24回電気泳動学会総会において発表した.本論文はfast typeの1家系について遺伝生化学的検討を行なったものである.
Fast typeとしては,河合ら(1967)の報告が最初で,本例は2例目であり,最近,瀬崎ら(1974)が3例目の報告をしている.
本家系は頑固な口内炎を主訴とする48歳の女性を発端者とし,3世代13名に陽性者を認め,出身地は熊本県であるが,発端者の現住所によりAlbumin Kyotoと命名した.遺伝形式は共優性で,いずれもヘテロ接合者であり,発端者を含め25名に各種臨床検査を施行したが,陽性者に特有の所見は認めなかった.
Gcとの遺伝的連関を調べるため,型判定を行なったが,すべて1-1型で有効な情報は得られなかった.発端者には骨髄穿刺,末梢血での染色体分析も施行したが異常所見は認めなかった.
電気泳動では,セルロースアセテート膜,寒天ゲル,殿粉ゲル,ディスク泳動,殿粉ブロックを試みたが,pH4.0～11.0にて,いずれも明瞭に異常バンドを分離しえた.本血清と私達が大津市で発見したslow typeのAlbumin Otsuの血清をDr. Weitkamp (Univ. of Rochester)とDr. Neel (Univ. of Michigan)に送り,reference samplesとの比較泳動を依頼したが,そのいずれとも異なることが判明した.
両alb分画のPonceau 3Rとの結合能が等しいと仮定すれば,Alb^fとAlbⁿとの濃度比は0.61～1.00の間にあり,13名の平均値は0.89で,いずれもAlbⁿの方が増量していた.
脂質代謝異常の報告例があるが,本家系にても数名の異常者が存在したが,本症に特有とはいえない.肝機能検査で発端者にBSPの遅延がみられたので,in vitroでalbとの結合を試みたが,うまく結合しなかった.DEAEセルロースカラムと殿粉ブロック泳動によりalb両分画を分離し,濃度を一定にし,Sephadex G-200によりBPB色素との結合能(色素過剰の状態で)を調べたが,両者に差を認めなかった.またセルロースアセテート泳動により,BPB色素,¹³¹I-thyroxineとの結合能をみると,これらの量を少なくすると,fast分画により多く結合するという成績をえた.両分画でそれぞれ家兎を免疫して抗原性の差異をみたが,両者に差はなかった,超遠沈,アミノ酸分析でも差を認めず,最近Winteら(1972)が行なった様に,ペプタイド分析を行ない,異常分画のアミノ酸配列を調べ,どのアミノ酸が置換されて電気泳動上fast typeを示すのか解明してゆきたい.

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Cell electrophoresis is a useful method to measure electric charge on cell membrane and recognize precisely biological changes on the surface of cells. In the present paper, cell electrophoresis was used in an attempt to investigate various changes on the surface of human lymphocytes, which were separated from human peripheral blood by means of 3% gelatin sedimentation method, with the following results.
1. Cell electrophoretic mobility was 0.983±0.189μ/sec/V/cm in average of eighty one normal subjects. Human lymphocytes were shown to be heterogeneous electrophoretically.
2. Cell electrophoretic mobility of the human lymphocytes from patients with lymph tissue disorders was investigated. Electrophoresis of four cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) did not show significant change in both electrophoretic mobility and cytopherogram. A case of AML in which 70% of cells in peripheral blood were leukemic, however, showed a cytopherographically homogeneous pattern. The lymphocytes from giant follicular lymphoma and reticulosarcoma did not show marked changes.
3. Cell electropheretic mobility of the lymphocytes treated with anti-human lymphocyte antibody (ALS) was investigated. Cytotoxic antibodies were obtained from the pregnant female sera as judged by the micro-droplet lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Electrophoresis was carried out after the lymphocytes were incubated with ALS. Electrophoretic mobility of the lymphocyte treated with high titer ALS was lower than that treated with low titer ALS. It was shown that lowering of electrophoretic mobility was correlated with cytotoxic activity of ALS.
4. Cell electrophoretic mobility of the lymphocytes sensitized with the anti-homologous γ-globulin and various anti-immunoglobulin polypeptide chains was investigated.
Electrophoretic mobility of the lymphocytes treated with anti-human γ-globulin was lower. The phenomenon was significantly found in the lymphocytes treated with anti-μ, anti-κ, and anti-λ polypeptide chain sera, but not so markedly in those treated with anti-γ or anti-α chain sera. However, electrophoresis of the lymphocytes treated with anti-γ and anti-α sera showed that the delay phenomenon of mobility occurred on some of the cells. From the results of the experiments, it was suggested that large amounts of μ-chain, κ-chain and λ-chain and small amounts of γ-chain and α-chain are present on the surface of human lymphocytes.
The results were discussed with comprehensive survey of literatures on cell electrophoretic investigations of human lymphocytes.

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