The author examined a few fundamental studies of paper-electrophoresis and decided the migrating velocities of azo-dyes, and constructed a new type of densitometer, a pen-writing automatic recorder by means of a photo-tube method, and analyzed a few adult human sera by this method.
I) In fundamental studies following points were discussed.
(1) Measurements of the water-sucking velocity of the filter paper, the migration and diffusion of original spot, and electrophoresis of dyes, and consideration on the texture of the filter paper resulted in a conclusion that the filter paper for the electrophoresis should be extremely homogeneous.
(2) Considering the vaporalization and the extension of the filter paper, it was desirable to make the cell compact, and such a type of cell was constructed.
(3) The conditions to separate serum proteins were investigated by using cells specially designed to make six measurements simultaneously.
II) (1) Observation of the electrophoreses of dyes on the filter paper and the migrating velocities by means of measuring the iso-potential lines revealed that the average migration was independent of the localization on the paper.
(2) The influence of pH on the migrations of dyes was investigated, and the relationship between the structures of dyes and the states of ionization was discussed.
III) In order to avoid the complication caused by conventional procedure, the author designed a new apparatus, the pen-writing automatic recorder, by means of the photo-tube method.
(1) Investigation of the curves of the texture enabled us to analyze some of the processes of the paper manufacture.
(3) The curves of serum proteins in 11 normal adults were analyzed, each fraction being calculated by measuring the areas.
Results obtained by staining with Azocarmin B was as follows:
Al.(34, 6%), α₁-glob.(5, 3%), α₂-glob.(5, 8%)
β₁-glob.(6, 5%), β₂-glob.(11, 2%), γ₁-glob(5, 5%)
γ₂-glob.(26.0%), γR-glob.(5.4%),
IV) (1) The curves of albumin and γ-globulin by paper electrophoresis were compared with that obtained by Tiselius' apparatus, and reproducibility of fine structure of each peak was tested.
(2) Bloods of various parts of the body were taken by catheterisation. The patterns of the serum protein of these blood samples were almost similar except one case in which α₂-globulin was increaced in the blood from hepatic vein.
(3) On the contrary, there was no such similar relationship between the serum protein and the body fluids of the same patient.

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Making an attempt to analyse allergic antibody and immune antibody following Maekawa's idea, organ proteins (heart, kidney, liver, lung) and serum proteins of rabbits suffering from allergic myocarditis caused by myocardium cephalin and oxen serum were studied by electrophoretical method.
Results were summarized as follows.
1) On rabbit's heart and kidney had allergic myocarditis by myocardium cephalin and oxen serum, they had more protein fraction containing probably allergic antibody than control. To the contrary, less protein fraction containing probably immune antibody than control. Apart from kidney, it was very interesting.
2) Fractions of lung tissue protein were nearly equal to control.
3) On liver, it had much more protein fraction containing probably immune antibody than control. It was also interesting.
4) Serum proteins exhibited common character in rabbit which had allergic inflammation, i. e. decreased albumin, increased β-and γ-globulin, and α-globulin separated from albumin.

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Using a laminated dry battery for portable radio use as an electrical source, human serum and eggwhite solution are paperelectrochromatographically developed.
In case when paper of the size of 2×20cm is used, current required was only 0.2mA with our circuit and arrangement. Fairly good patterns were obtained and it was verified that a laminated dry battery is never worse than a high-class rectifier as far as proteins are separated.

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Since 1953 we have analyzed the protein in the cerebrospinal fluid in thirty-six cases of both normal men and neurosurgical patients. A Tiselius apparatus manufactured by Hitachi & Co. and a paperelectrophoresis apparatus planned by the authors were used.
Concentration of fluid was done by means of Mies' ultrafiltration method.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) V-fraction can be detected in every case, and τ-fraction is shown in all except three cases.
2) In all of the five cases there is a remarkable difference of fractions between the ventricular and spinal fluid taken from the same individual. In the ventricular fluid the fractions of albumin and γ-globulin are less and the other fractions are on the contrary found in greater quantity than in the spinal fluid.
3) In the cases of supratentorial tumors the fractions of albumin and γ-globulin of spinal fluid are much more increased than in other cases and the other fractions are rather decreased. In the cases of cerebellar tumors the ventricular fluid shows increased β-globulin and decreased albumin fraction, forming a contrast to those in the supratentorial tumors.
4) In the cases of hydrocephalus, an increase of V-fraction and albumin are noticed in the spinal fluid.
5) In the cases of meningitis and syphilis, a decrease of albumin and an increase of γ-globulin are detected.
6) In the cases of schizophrenia, epilepsy and obsolete brain contusion the fractions show no remarkable difference from the normal.
7) In all cases in which Pandy's reaction is positive, an increase of γ-globulin is detected.

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Using U-tube electrophoresis it is not easy either to separate certain fraction in sufficient amount or to analyze low molecular substances. To avoid these disadvantages the auther attempted the electrophoresis in an agar gelly column.
Some quantitive analytical results of serum proteins showed good coincidence with those by Tiselius electrophoresis and extaction of certain desired fraction of the protein from agar column was made successfully.
Analysis of human saliva indicated that the amylase of saliva is a single component electrophoretically.
Mixture of certain amino acids in definite amount was analyzed. Results indicated satisfactory separation.
This method may particularlly be available for electrophoretic purification of subjected substance in relatively larger amount.

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