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Volume 15, Issue 1
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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KUNIO ARAI, HIROSHI INOMATA, SHOZABURO SAITO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of the three-parameter corresponding-states principle, new mixing rules combining functionally different equations of state were proposed. Vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations for several binary systems were carried out with the use of these mixing rules and equations of state of several types for each pure component.
As a result, these mixing rules are considered to be very useful for accurate prediction of vapor-liquid equilibria since they make it possible to use any type of equation of state developed specifically for each pure component.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
HIROKATSU MASUOKA, MASAHIRO YORIZANE1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 5-10
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolubility of naphthalene in compressed ethylene was measured with a single-pass, continuous-flow apparatus at temperatures of 35, 50 and 65°C respectively and for a pressure range of 8 to 62 atm.
A calculation method is presented for determining the solubility of a heavy solute in a supercritical gas solvent. The modified BWR equation of Lee and Kesler together with a pseudocritical method was used to calculate fugacity coefficients of the solute in subcooled liquid and vapor phases. The utility of the method presented is illustrated by a calculation of the ethylene-naphthalene system at temperatures between 12 and 65°C and over a pressure range of 8 to 300 atm.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
YOSHIHARU TOSHIMA, TETSUNOSUKE HASHIMOTO, KATSUYUKI NAITOH, EIICHI YAM ...1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 11-16
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn flue gas desulfurization plants, which remove sulfur dioxide from the flue gas of oil and coal, chloride coming from the flue gas and makeup fresh water is accumulated in circulating absorbent. When stainless steels are employed as construction materials, pitting corrosion due to Cl- cannot be disregarded.
The Cl- concentration is usually controlled below a certain value to avoid pitting corrosion by discharging part of the absorbent (i.e., plant fluids) from the system. Inhibiting effects of NO3-, which also comes from flue gas, co-existing with Cl- in the absorbent were systematically investigated. As a result, operating instructions for actual plants are successfully established to protect stainless steel from pitting corrosion.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
KUNIO KATAOKA, HIROYUKI SHUNDOH, HITOSHI MATSUO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 17-22
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA generalized model for axisymmetric free jets which allows for change in fluid density with temperature is proposed by experiment. Experimental work was carried out to obtain data on jet velocity and temperature variations over a wide range of jet-to-ambient fluid density ratio (i.e. the initial density ratio) by use of nonisothermal free jets of burned gas exhausting into quiescent air as well as isothermal free jets of CO2-air mixture into air. Core lengths of velocity and temperature can be correlated as a function of initial density ratio and jet Reynolds number. The radial profiles of velocity and temperature in the fully-developed region can be expressed by the isothermal formulation using the corresponding jet half-radii as the characteristic radial distance. The jet half-radii and centerline decays can be described by new characteristic streamwise coordinates which take into account the effects of core length and initial density ratio. If the initial condition at the nozzle exit is specified, the present model can determine the radial distributions of velocity and temperature at any axial position.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
EIII OBATA, HARUO WATANABE, NAOTOSHI ENDO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 23-28
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method of particle size distribution measurement using a fluidization curve is developed.
The size distributions observed in binary and the tertiary mixtures were in agreement with those by microscopic measurement. For those mixtures the apparent minimum fluidizing velocity, if the particles were completely segregated, us, determined by
Us=(ΣWi/Woumfi)-1
where Wi/Wo is the weight fraction corresponding to umfi. The values calculated from the above expression were in good agreement with the experimental data.
The main disadvantage of this method is that, in the fluidization bed, the terminal velocity of the minimum-diameter particle must be less than the fluidizing velocity of the maximumdiameter particle, and the measurable size ratio (xmax/xmin) is 8-10.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
SHIGEHARU MOROOKA, KAZUMICHI UCHIDA, YASUO KATO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 29-34
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAxial and radial distributions of gas holdup and liquid velocity were studied in a gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed of 0.12 m i.d. Air, water and glass beads (0.58, 1.2 and 2.2 mm in diameter) were used as gas, liquid and solid particle phases, respectively. Local gas holdup was meaured by using an electric conductivity probe, and local liquid velocity was obtained by the electrolyte tracer method.
The value of local gas holdup was in proportion to the square of the distance from the column wall. The liquid flow pattern was similar to that of the bubble column, showing an up-flow in the central region and a down-flow in the peripheral region with respect to the interstitial mean liquid flow. Liquid velocity at the central axis increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and with decreasing particle diameter.
The results were analyzed on the basis of the circulating flow model, where a constant turbulent viscosity and a constant composition of the liquid-solid mixtures were assumed. The turbulent viscosity for fully developed fluidization was correlated as a function of particle diameter and superficial gas velocity, and was compared to that of the bubble column.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
MASAAKI MURAKI, YOSHINORI IWASHIMA, TOYOHIKO HAYAKAWA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 34-39
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method is developed to determine the dependence of surface diffusion coefficient on the amount adsorbed, derived for Freundlich adsorption isotherm, from adsorption rates in a finite bath. The adsorption rates on activated carbon of p-nitrophenol, benzoic acid and p-chIorophenol from dilute aqueous solutions are measured, where Freundlich adsorption isotherms are applicable, and the relations between surface diffusion coefficient and the amount adsorbed are determined for three adsorbates by this method. It is proved that the external mass transfer resistance in the stirred tank has a large influence on adsorption rate as well as intraparticle mass transfer resistance in finite bath adsorption. It is also clear from these relations that the ratio of activation energy for surface diffusion to adsorption energy is nearly equal to 0.5. The time-concentration curves predicted by this method coincide well with experimental data.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
KUNIO KATO, TAKASHI TAKAHASHI, TOSHIYUKI KOBAYASHI, KATUMI KOMAGATA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lateral effective thermal conductivity was measured in a fluidized bed with horizontal multitube internals. The tube diameter and tube pitch used in this work were in the range from 1.0 to 5.0 cm and 2.5 to 10 cm, respectively. The minimum fluidized gas velocity of fluidized particles and the superficial velocity were in the range from 4.0 to 27 cm/sec and 10 to 70 cm/sec, respectively.
The lateral effective thermal conductivity in the bed is influenced by the properties of fluidized particles, the hydraulic diameter of the tube internals, the minimum fluidized gas velocity and the intensity of fluidization. An empirical equation for the lateral effective thermal conductivity in a fluidized bed with horizontal multi-tube internals is obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
KATSUKI KUSAKABE, SHIGEHARU MOROOKA, YASUO KATO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 45-50
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of bipolar packed-bed electrodes were studied by using copper deposition reaction from a copper sulfate solution. Ferrite pellets were used as a particulate phase and were packed in three kinds of mode. The Faradaic current in the particulate phase, the by-pass current in the electrolyte phase and the short-circuiting current were measured separately.
The minimum bipolar cell voltage was a function of decomposition voltage, distance between two plate electrodes, pellet diameter, and solid holdup. For regularly packed bipolar electrodes, the interaction between Faradaic and by-pass current was small, and a simplified parallel current model is proposed. For randomly packed bipolar electrodes, the interaction was not negligible at higher cell voltages.
The minimum value of energy consumption was observed at a particular cell voltage which was a function of pellet size and packing mode. Because of increase in the short-circuiting current due to copper deposition, the energy consumption in the randomly packed bed increased with increase in electrolysis time. The regularly packed bed where the direction of current was parallel to the plain faces of the pellets was found to be the most efficient under the present experimental conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
HIROSHI OAKI, MASARU ISHIDA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen thermodynamic characteristics of processes are represented by a vector on the (ΔH, T0ΔS) diagram, the processes may be classified into six types: heating, separation, refrigeration, heat source, mixing, and refrigerant. Based on this classification, which is quite appropriate to process synthesis, the analogy between chemical reactions and physical operations is discussed.
Since a chemical process system is considered to be an isolated system, the criterion for those processes to constitute a process system is examined and a new criterion based on the dissipation factor, D=T0Δs/ΔH, is proposed. It is shown that there are only six basic patterns for the combination of processes to make up a process system.
When an endergonic process and an exergonic one constitute a process system and the former process is carried out with the help of the latter, the exergy transformation between these two processes becomes an important factor. The concept of the ideality index is introduced and the relationship between this ideality index and the dissipation factor D is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
SHINJI TAKAHASHI, MASARU HONGO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 57-59
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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KENJI OCHI, SHIGERU HIRABA, KAZUO KOJIMA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 59-61
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (192K) -
YOSHIHIRO KAWAGUCHI, YUKO TASHIMA, YASUHIKO ARAI1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 62-63
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (149K) -
MOMINUDDIN CHOWDHURY, TAKESHI ISHIKAWA, KUNIO NAGAHAMA, MITSUHO HIRATA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 63-66
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (362K) -
DRAGOSLAV M. MISIC, YOSHITAKA SUDO, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI, KUNITARO KAWAZOE1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 67-70
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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YOSHIO NAKANO, AKIHIRO TAKAZAWA, MOTOHIKO KIMURA1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 70-73
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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SHOICHI KIMURA, SETSUJI TONE, TSUTAO OTAKE1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 73-75
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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YASUO KOUSAKA, KIKUO OKUYAMA, CHIU-SEN WANG1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 75-76
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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KOJI TAKAHASHI, KUNIO ARAI, SHOZABURO SAITO1982 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 77-79
Published: January 20, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (200K)
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