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Volume 3 (1970)
- Issue 2 Pages 129-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 3, Issue 1
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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MASAHIRO KATO, MITSUHO HIRATA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new method for determining activity coefficients at infinite dilution from dew point and/or bubble point data in binary systems is proposed.
The extrapolated values of dew point and bubble point parameters, respectively, defined as D≡ a1a2/(1 - a1) (1 - a2) and B≡ (1 - b1) (1 - b2)/b1b2, agree thermodynamically with the activity coefficients at infinite dilution. The values of ''a'' and ''b'', respectively, can be calculated by a≡ γ× = (π/P)y from dew point data and by b≡ (y/γ) = (P/π)× from bubble point data, where x, y, P, π and γ, respectively, express mole fraction in liquid phase, that in vapor phase, vapor pressure, total pressure and activity coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
TOSHIKATSU HAKUTA, MITSUHO HIRATA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 5-8
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn estimation method for critical properties that is easily available for both organic and inorganic compounds with considerable accuracy is proposed. In this method critical temperature, critical pressure and critical volume can be estimated solely from data of the normal boiling point and the liquid density of pure substance by means of succesive approximations that are repeated until calculated critical pressure (Pc) converges.
The average errors of Tc, Pc and Vc for about 24O substances studied were 1.39, 2.61 and 2.OA percent, respectively, but the errors for nitrogen compounds, bromide compounds, metallic elements, and compounds associated in the vapor phase were sometimes larger.View full abstractDownload PDF (299K) -
NORIAKI WAKAO1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 9-13
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of a pore model, a difference in average pore radius under reactive and non-reactive diffusion conditions is discussed. This model suggests a difference in intraparticle effective diffusivity value (pore volume diffusivity with no surface diffusion contribution) between these two systems. Experimental pore tortuosity measurements are also reported for commercial catalyst pellets.View full abstractDownload PDF (346K) -
HAJIMU UYEHA, YUTAKA HAGIHARA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 13-17
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements of the vapor-liquid relationship for E. H. P.-mT. C. P. system were performed by use of an agitator vessel under a residual air pressure less than 1.5×10-3mmHg. The results areas follows: (l) On molecular distillation, there are vapor-liquid relationships for each operation liquid surface temperature (Ts). (2) At low liquid surface temperature, E. H. P.-mT. C. P. system behaves as an ideal solution, but deviates at high liquid surface temperature. (3) In composition range 2O mol % to 8O mol %, the change in the ratio of aob/ath to × is approximately shown as a quadratic equation: aob/ath=b-a(×- 0.5)2. a is the constant value for the same system, b is shown as an equation of the first degree of Ts. The empirical formula derived in this work, shows agreement with the observed values in composition range 2O mole % to 8O mole%.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
KAKUSABURO ONDA, EIZO SADA, TAKESHI KOBAYASHI, SHIGEHARU KITO, KUNIMIT ...1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 18-24
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolubilities of carbon dioxide and ethylene in water and a number of aqueous salt solutions are measured at about I atm. and 25°C by the gas volumetric method. A experimental results are correlated by the modified empirical Setschenow equation. The salting-out parameters which consist of three components ascribed to gas, cation and anion in aqueous salt solution, are estimated from the results of this experiment as well as from those listed in International Critical Tables and Landolt-Börnstein Tables. With these calculated salting-out parameters, the solubilities of gas in aqueous salt solutions are predicted accurately within the standard deviation 0.052. Nine more species of gas, sixe more species of cation and five more species of anion than the data by van Krevelen and Hoftijzer include are taken into account.View full abstractDownload PDF (510K) -
EIICHI KUNUGITA, MICHIO IKURA, TSUTAO OTAKE1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 24-29
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe motion of a solid particle which was allowed to drift in a liquid phase was pursued by a camera to find the following:
(1) There is no remarkable irregularity of liquid flow in the bubble column.
(2) The distribution function of axial displacements of a solid particle was discribed by the normal distribution function. The assumed dispersion model coincided well with the experimental results. From this fact the mechanism of the mixing of liquid element was considered to be analogous to that of diffusion. The dispersion coefficient was also determined experimentally.
(3) The dynamic behaviour of bubbles, especially the coalescence of bubbles, has the controlling effect on the gas holdup and the dispersion coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
HIROSHI YOSHITOME, TAKASHI SHIRAI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 29-33
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe drag force acting against a spherical float was investigated to define the complex flow of gas-liquid mixture in a bubble bed, and was converted to the average intensity of bulk flow, vz. The values of vz were found to be quite uniform over the central half cross-section of the bed and its directions were upward.
Over the outer annular cross-section, the values of vz were equal to those in the central section although their directions were downward.
Effects of various factors were further investigated, and a method for the calculation of vz was also established.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
TOKURO MIZUSHINA, RYUZO ITO, HIROMASA UEDA, SHIGEKI TSUBATA, HIDEO HAY ...1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 34-38
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental and theoretical study has been made on turbulent flows in the entrance region of a circular tube. Direct measurement of shear stress at the tube wall was made by an electrochemical method, and velocity profiles at various cross sections were measured by a total pressure tube. From plotting these results in universal coordinates, it is found that there exists a similarity in the velocity distributions in the turbulent boundary layer in the entrance region, and that they are represented by the power law equation. The coefficient and exponent of this equation are functions of the Reynolds number based on inlet velocity only.
Based on the assumption of this similarity, the momentum equation for a circular tube is solved. Analytical solution agrees fairly well with the experimental results on turbulent boundary layer developments.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
TOMOAKI KOMORI, EIJI HIRAI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 39-44
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe analytical solution of the problem involving a change of phase with convection at the surface is very difficult. Previously, heat conduction problems with a change of phase (called Neumann''s problem) have been solved. The concept may be used to obtain analytical solutions for a semi-infinite solid and an infinite cylinder in the freezing of foods.
This paper presents an analytical Stefan-type solution for a cylinder with convection at the surface and experimental results of the temperature distribution, fusion front moving and the time required to freeze a cylinder in the freezing of cylindrical food stuff.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZERYOHEI YAMAZAKI, GENJI JIMBO1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 44-49
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat transfer coefficients between flu id i zed beds and heating surfaces were experimentally determined by unsteady state method. An equation of the heat transfer coefficient was proposed by considering a simple model. For high velocity of solid particles, experimental results, especially the effect of particle size, were found to be easily explained by the equation.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
MASARU ISHIDA, KISHIO YOSHINO, TAKASHI SHIRAI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe equations of diffusion and heat transfer for moving boundary problems in spherical particles were computed in order to test the applicability of the pseudo-steady state approximation, which is usually believed to be valid for the case of gas diffusion. This approximation, however, may sometimes induce considerable errors for the case of heat transfer.
In this study, figures are presented to test such applicability in the literature data and further to correct the experimental data under those conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
ASASHI KITAMOTO, YOICHI TAKASHIMA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 54-62
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe preferential transport of a certain ionic species to others through an ion exchange membrane has been investigated. It was found from some experimental data that the preferential ion transport, SBA, should be closely related to an operating parameter ξ, where SK+NA+ for example, is defined as the ratio of the Sherwood number concerning the transfer rate of K+ to that of Na+, and E is defined as (∧Δφ/2FDV). The Stanton number St=(l/F)/C10V defined as the ratio of the total ionic flux in the direction to the membrane to that in the direction of the bulk flow, was also a function of ξ. These factors, ∧, Δφ, F, D, V, I, and C10 are the equivalent conductivity, the effective applied voltage to a single desalting compartment, the Faraday constant, the channel thickness, the linear flow velocity, the current density and the total equivalent concentration, respectively.
Under the operating condition of ξ> IO-3, no ion exchange membrane will serve to transport a certain ion preferentially. If ξ∧1O-4, however, the membrane will fully reveal its own ability for selecting a certain ionic species, because the concentration ratio of two ionic species at the membrane surface will approach that in the equilibrium state.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
EFFECTS OF CONTACT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONJOSÉ C. MERCHUK, KAZUHIRO NAKANISHI, FUMITAKE YOSHIDA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 62-67
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbsorption of carbcn dioxide into aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide was studied in a packed column under conditions such that the accompanying reaction was of the second order. In this case the average or volumetric reaction factor for the packed column, i.e. the ratio of the volumetric coefficients for absorption with and without chemical reaction, is complicated by the non-uniform contact-time distribution. However, the assumption of Porter''s "long, slow flow paths" model for the contact-time distribution led to a successful correlation for the average reaction factor.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
HYDROGENATION OF ETHYLENESHIGEO GOTO, NORIYOSHI MORITA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 67-71
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHydrogenation of ethylene on a single spherical catalyst in a tubular reactor was carried out at ambient temperature of 35-75°C and with volumetric velocity of reactive gases of 10-40cm3 (18°C I atm)/sec. The conversion at the outlet and the temperatures at the center and at various azimuthal angular positions to the stream on the outer surface of the catalyst were measured.
The method of Bischoff to evaluate effectiveness factor for catalyst particle with non-uniform surface temperature was extended to include transport effects of fluid film, applying the method presented previously by the present authors. Numerical values of the effectiveness factor obtained by various methods are compared and discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
KAZUO HATTORI, YUJI TANAKA, HIROYUKI SUZUKI, TSUNEO IKAWA, HIROSHI KUB ...1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 72-78
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquid phase oxidation of cumene in the absence of solvent was carried out in a bubble column in temperature range from 100°C to 130°C. The reaction scheme in the batch-wise operation was classified in terms of three periods: the induction, the steady chain-propagation and the termination periods. The kinetics in the steady chain-propagation period, which is industrially important, was studied and the rate expressions of chemical steps were derived.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
MASAAKI TERAMOTO, SHOJI FUJITA, MASAHIRO KATAOKA, KENJI HASHIMOTO, SIN ...1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 79-82
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of bubble size on the selectivity of consecutive gas-liquid reaction is studied by means of the chlorination of p-cresol. The reactors used are a bubble column and a stirred vessel with various types of gas distributors. It is found that under the conditions studied stirring speed has no effect on the yield of the intermediate product, and that "large bubbles" gives higher yield, while "small bubbles" give lower yield. The experimental results are satisfactorily explained by relating the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient to bubble size and relating the yield of the intermediate product to the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
SHIGERU MATSUMOTO, SHOZABURO SAITO1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 83-92
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of suspension of particles in horizontal pneumatic conveying was studied by experimental and numerical analyses. It was found from experiment that the particles flowing in the duct were rotating at high speeds such as 1, 000 r. p. s. or more. A model based on the ellipsoid approximation of the particle shape was constructed and was applied to account for the irregular bouncing phenomena of nonspherical particles. Moreover, the real pneumatic transport process was simulated satisfactorily by introducing a random factor into the ellipsoid model.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
TAKAO SATOH, KUNIO ATSUMI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 92-98
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA basic differential equation for expression of pasty mixture of finite thickness, consisting of fine solid particles and liquid, is solved by method of moments.
By this method, expression coefficient E(e), a function of void ratio e, is determined only from data of expressed liquid volume Vepd vs. time Θ in the earlier half period of the expression and the ultimate liquid content emin. Time dependence of liquid content distribution in the mixture e (CV, Θ) is calculated using the E(e), and the relation of Vepd vs. Θ is calculated by integration of the e(CV, Θ).
Pasty mixture of TiO2-water was used for this study, and a fairly good coincidence between the observed relation of Vepd vs. Θ and the calculated one was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
MOMPEI SHIRATO, HIROO KATO, KAZUMASA KOBAYASHI, HIROO SAKAZAKI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 98-104
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInternal mechanisms of settling sediments are mathematically analysed on the basis of consolidetion theory and the basic differential equations for settling of concentrated suspensions are presented.
The basic equations are solved numerically in view of variable consolidation coefficients C1. The analytical solutions of the variations of hydraulic excess pressure distribution and porosity distributions in settling sediments and of the settling curves compare very favorably with settling data experimentally obtained by using thick suspensions of zinc oxide and ferric oxide. It is emphasized that the basic equations should be solved numerically on the basis of variation in C1 and it may be enormously in error if a constant C1 is assumed.
In addition, the so-called comprssion-permeability characteristics in the low compressive pressure region can be well determined analytically by using batch settling data.View full abstractDownload PDF (561K) -
MOMPEI SHIRATO, TOSHIRO MURASE, MASAKAZU NEGAWA, TERUO SENDA1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 105-112
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo afford mathematical tools for expression operations under variable pressure-variable rate and constant rate conditions, expression processes are analysed in view of the flow through compressible porous media.
From the previous paper17), it is evident that the expression mechanism of slurry consists of two flow phenomena. These types of phenomena during the variable-pressure expression process may be analysed by consideration of the flow mechanisms throug hcompressibe porous beds, first by the filtration theory and second by the so-called consolidation theory. It has been demonstrated that the operational variables for variable-pressure expression operations are well predicted from calculations based upon compression permeability cell data. For both the original mixtures of slurry and saturated semi-solid, a favorable coincidence between theories and experiments are assured under constant rate and variable pressure-variable rate conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (648K) -
SHIN-ICHI MAKISHIMA, SUSUMU OHKATA, TAKASHI SHIRAI1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 112-116
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe discharge rate of solid particles through orifices is one of the important problems in handling solid particles.
In this paper, the equation for estimating the discharge rate of solid particles, which was derived theoretically from Janssen''s and Ergun''s equations, have been proved experimentally to predict the discharge rate through orifices of different shapes when accompanied by a cocurrent stream of gas.
The effect of the gas velocity, ur/umf is shown in the figure and the procedures for the design calculation are illustrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
HIROSHI KOMIYAMA, HAKUAI INOUE1970 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 117-118
Published: January 31, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effectiveness factor and the selectivity are calculated for a consecutive reaction where the kinetics follow the Langmuir-Hinshelwood types of rate equations. The computational results are extended to cases where the first order specific catalytic activity varies inside a catalyst pellet and it is shown that the selectivity is greatly changeable by the difference in the distribution of the rate constant inside the catalyst even in the case where the overall reaction rate of the reactant has the same value.View full abstractDownload PDF (153K)
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