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Volume 16, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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ZHENG-LAN ZONG, XI-HAO YANG, XI-YIN ZHENG1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVapor-liquid equilibrium data for eight binary and one ternary alcohol-hydrocarbon systems were determined by using an Ellis still and for six binary, one ternary and one quaternary butanol isomer mixtures by using a modified Gillespie still under atmospheric pressure. In addition, VLE data for three binary and one ternary alcohol aqueous solutions with limited miscibility were determined with a modified Pratt still.
All binary data were fitted by the Wilson equation to obtain pair energy parameters, which were then used to predict the available multicomponent data. Their accuracies of prediction appear to be fairly good.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
KOZO KOIDE, TOMOMI YASUDA, SHINJI IWAMOTO, EIZO FUKUDA1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe critical gas velocity required for complete suspension of solid particles has been studied experimentally in solid-suspended bubble columns. It was shown that the critical gas velocity increases with increasing terminal velocity of a single particle, column diameter and the density difference between solid and liquid, and decreases with increasing liquid viscosity and liquid surface tension. It was also shown that the critical gas velocity decreases when a conical bottom is used instead of a flat one.
Based on these observations, an empirical correlation for critical gas velocity has been proposed that is applicable to columns with diameters of 0.1-0.3 m.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
HIROMOTO USUI, HIROMICHI FUKUMA, YUJI SANO1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFully developed turbulent flow through isosceles triangular ducts was investigated over a Reynolds number range of 5000 to 50, 000. The apex angle was varied from 5.7° to 60°. For flow prediction, the vorticity production terms were expressed by modelling the Reynolds stress in terms of the mean axial velocity gradients and a geometrically calculated turbulence length scale. The predicted results of velocity distribution and wall shear stress distribution are in good agreement with the experimental results in the literature except very near the apex. The secondary flow pattern over a wide range of apex angle was predicted. Maximum secondary velocity was less than 2% of the bulk velocity.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
PAILIN CHUCHOTTAWORN, AKIRA FUJINAMI, KOICHI ASANO1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 18-24
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Navier-Stokes equation for a flow around a sphere with and without uniform mass injection or suction was solved numerically by a finite difference method for Reynolds numbers from 1 to 200 and injection or suction ratios from - 0.2 to 0.5. The predicted drag coefficients for the case without mass injection showed good agreement with the results of previous workers. The effects of uniform mass injection or suction on flow field around a sphere and on skin friction drag and form drag were investigated for low to intermediate Reynolds number ranges.
A new correlation for the effects of mass injection or suction on drag coefficients of a solid sphere is proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
NAOHIRO SHIRAGAMI, ICHIRO INOUE1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 24-29
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeparation phenomena in a 90-deg square section bend with long tangents were studied by the flow visualization technique.
A formula for the separation point on the inner wall is obtained by experiments at Reynolds numbers ranging from about 4000 to 20, 000.
The onset of separation is discussed on the basis of streamwise distribution of pressure in a bend. It is shown that the increment from the pressure at the inner wall in the 45-deg cross section to that at the separation point takes a constant value. This constant is independent of both the dimensionless curvature and the Reynolds number. By applying this value to the index for the separation, a calculation procedure for predicting the existence of separation is proposed.
There is good agreement between the calculation and the experiments for dimensionless curvatures from 0.125 to 0.5 at Reynolds numbers ranging from about 4000 to 20, 000. It can be predicted whether separation actually takes place or not in a 90-deg square section bend with long tangents.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
TADAE YAMANAKA1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA systematic method is proposed to derive the dispersion equation in a cylindrical channel, based on the projection operator technique originated by Nakajima and Zwanzig. Under the general condition that the axial flow velocity and the diffusion coefficient are arbitrarily dependent on the radial distance, an analytical expression of the Taylor-type dispersion equation is obtained. In the classical Taylor problem, this expression coincides with the result of Gill and Sankarasubramanian. The sufficient condition, under which the approximate dispersion equation is valid, is explicitly presented. The transient term dependent on the radial concentration heterogeneity in the initial condition can be also accounted for.
The present result can be applied to various problems of dispersion phenomena, such as unsteady mass or heat transfer in tubular mass or heat exchangers. Because the projection operator technique is a general method to treat dynamic systems with many degrees of freedom, this method can be applied systematically to various problems in transport phenomena.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
YUJI NAKA, KIKUO KOBAYASHI, HITOSHI OCHI, TAKEICHIRO TAKAMATSU1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 36-42
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAzeotropic mixtures have a strong non-linearity of vapor-liquid equilibria. The non-linearity called the valley or ridge imposes restrictions on the composition profiles of distillation columns. The valley and ridge make it difficult to determine the system structure, the quantity and the location of make-up solvent. In other words, when designing an azeotropic distillation system, engineers should know the relationships between a valley and ridge and composition profiles. But, since the definition of valley and ridge is vague, these relationships have not been known but are merely interpreted empirically. If these relationships are made clear, it will become easy to select a solvent and to design azeotropic distillation systems.
In this paper the above-mentioned relationships for homogeneous and heterogeneous azeotropic distillation systems are presented by experiment, and the effective use of a decanter is discussed on the basis of the relationship between a valley and liquid-liquid tie lines.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
HARUO HIKITA, SATORU ASAI, YASUHIRO KONISHI1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 42-49
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption of pure chlorine into aqueous sodium bicarbonate solutions accompanied by the desorption of carbon dioxide was studied. The absorption rates of chlorine and the desorption rates of carbon dioxide were measured at 25°C using a baffled agitated vessel operated batchwise. The experimental results were analyzed by using the chemical absorption theory based on the Lévêque model. The absorption and desorption rates measured with sodium bicarbonate solutions of concentrations below 502 mol/m3 were in good agreement with theoretical predictions. However, the results obtained with 1020 mol/m3 sodium bicarbonate solution deviated upward from the theoretical lines. This deviation may be due to the generation of gas bubbles and subsequent turbulence in the liquid phase.View full abstractDownload PDF (624K) -
C. B. CHING1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 49-53
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe principle of operation of a semi-continuous chromatographic refiner (SCCR 4) is described. A theoretical model for selecting run parameters and for simulating the operation of the SCCR 4 unit was formulated. Good agreements between the simulated and the experimental results were achieved.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
KAZUYUKI CHIHARA, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 53-61
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNonisothermal pressure swing adsorption is simulated by numerical calculation, by accounting for mass transfer as well as heat transfer in the column, where linear driving force for adsorption rate and linear isotherm were assumed. 40 cycles of PSA operation from start-up are iterated in the computer as a case study of air drying by activated alumina. Assuming that volumetric ratio of purge to feed is 2, steady mode is observed after 30 cycles and almost constant distribution of amount adsorbed in the bed is found to be established. Condition for isothermal, nonisothermal or adiabatic assumption can be determined by this simulation in terms of column diameter. Bed length, cycle time and purge to feed ratio have significant effects on product concentration in the simulations. Further, optimizations are discussed as for the relation between column length and purge-to-feed ratio and as for cycle time in the case of air drying by silica gel.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
MASAO SUDOH, TORU MURAKAMI, TADASHI SHIROTSUKA1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 61-66
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo find a method to increase the output of the iron-thionine photogalvanic cell, experimental and theoretical research regarding a new type of cell with flow-through electrodes was carried out. The electrode-active species, leucothionine, is deactivated by the reaction of ferric ion and its own. If the active species reaches the electrode surface before its deactivation, an increase in output is expected. In the new system, leucothionine is produced in the illumination zone and transported to flow-through electrodes of carbon fiber felt by the flow of the solution.
The conversion efficiency of light intensity to electric power reached 0.236% at the maximum value. A theoretical analysis was then made of the mixed potentials of thionine and iron redox couples by using a two-phase model of the porous electrode.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
IN Ho KIM, Ho NAM CHANG1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 67-71
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA general model for the sinusoidal convective operation of a two-compartment membrane enzyme reactor was suggested to investigate theoretically the effect of ultrafiltration on reactor performance. From a phenomenological theory for membrane and solvent balance in the two regions separated by an ultrafiltration membrane, a pair of governing equations and physically meaningful dimensionless variables were obtained. Damkohler number (λ2), ratio of convective to diffusive fluxes (F) and dimensionless frequency (W) well explained the behavior of the reactor in batch mode, and residence time parameter (L-1) was added to study the performance in continuous mode.
In the batch reactor, the data from numerical simulation were fitted to the exponential decay proposed by Furusaki et al. and decay slope was studied in view of λ2, F and W. Conversion enhancement in the continuous reactor was observed in a diffusion-controlled region. Dimensionless frequency W was related to the volume change in the two compartments. It was found that lower frequency favors conversion under the restriction of W>F.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
KAZUNARI OHGAKI, HAYATO NISHII, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 72-73
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (148K) -
MINORU KUMAGAI, KAZUO ENDOH1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 74-75
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (172K) -
TAKEHIKO FURUSAWA, SHUNICHI ISHIKAWA, SEIICHI SUDO, DAIZO KUNII1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 76-77
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (132K) -
SEIICHIRO KAGUEI, NORIAKI WAKAO1983 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 78-80
Published: February 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (151K)
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