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Volume 16 (1983)
- Issue 6 Pages 449-
- Issue 5 Pages 345-
- Issue 4 Pages 257-
- Issue 3 Pages 167-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 4
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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MASATAKA TANIGAKI, SHIZUHARU MACHIDA, MAKOTO HARADA, WATARU EGUCHI1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 257-262
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMulticomponent diffusion experiments for three concentrations in the H2O-SmCl3-NdCl3 ternary system and for a single concentration in the H2O-SmCl3-NdCl3-PrCl3 quaternary system were carried out with the positionscanning spectrophotometer and the diffusion coefficients were determined using the extended Boltzmann method. Binary diffusion coefficients for the H2O-SmCl3 and H2O-NdCl3 systems were also measured. They were nearly the same as each other, slightly increasing as the solute concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0kmol/m3. Reliability of the measured multicomponent diffusion coefficients was supported by the fact that they satisfied Onsager''s reciprocal relation. Cross diffusion coefficients were between 20 and 50 percent of the main terms and cannot be neglected, even from the engineering viewpoint. The large cross diffusion coefficients were due to the electrostatic interaction among the constituent ions and the observed multicomponent diffusion coefficients could be estimated fairly well by the method of Wendt at low concentrations. Improvement in the estimation of the multicomponent diffusion coefficients by the method of Miller was pronounced, especially at higher concentrations.View full abstractDownload PDF (447K) -
KAZUNARI OHGAKI, HAYATO NISHII, TETSURO SAITO, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 263-267
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsothermal phase equilibria for the system methanol-ethylene were measured at 25°C and 40°C by a static method.
At each temperature, an invisible boundary in a high-pressure equilibrium region was found by gas chromatographic analysis.
For studying the phase behavior of the methanol-ethylene system, the critical loci for the system were estimated by using the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state. The calculation shows that an isothermal phase equilibrium of the methanol-ethylene system exhibits one to three critical points.View full abstractDownload PDF (327K) -
TORU TAKAMATSU, MANABU YAMAGUCHI, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 267-272
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFormation of single drops in a non-uniform electric field is studied for water drops in the atmosphere and in three kinds of dielectric liquids. Theoretical equations are derived for the volume and the electric charge of the formed drop and corresponding experiments were performed in a range of applied electric potential of 0-7.5 kV.
It was clarified that measured drop volumes agree well with theoretical values for systems of liquid-gas and liquid-liquid. The experimental drop charges are not satisfactorily represented by theoretical analysis, but are well evaluated by a semi-empirical equation presented here.View full abstractDownload PDF (375K) -
YUKINARI SATO, KAZUO YAMAMOTO, TOKURO MIZUSHINA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 273-280
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn empirical equation for the double velocity-correlation function f(r, t) in the Kármán-Howarth (K-H) equation, which represents the dynamic behavior of homogeneous isotropic turbulence, is proposed by use of two parameters: the rms fluctuating velocity u'' and the turbulent Reynolds number Rλ=u''λ/√2v (λ is the longitudinal microscale and v the kinematic viscosity), in the form of f(ψ, Rλ), where ψ = r/λ. The empirical equation is obtained by rearranging the data measured in a nearly isotropic field behind a grid with reference to other investigations reported previously. The validity of this empirical equation is confirmed by comparison of calculated results with experimental data over a wide range of Rλ, 10 to 104. Further, the triple correlation function k(r, t) is computed numerically based on the K-H equation with the known variable u''2 f, and consequently can be expressed in the form of k(ψ, Rλ Iλ), where Iλ is introduced to describe the decay state, as defined by Iλ = (1/4v)dλ2/dt. The calculated results are consistent with data of k(r) obtained by direct measurements and some relevant measurements reported for 10 ?? Rλ ?? 104. The energy spectrum function E(κ) and the transfer function T(κ) calculated from u''2f(r) and u''3k(r), respectively, are also considered quantitatively to be compared with some measurements and Kolmogorov''s - 5/3 power spectrum on E(κ). In addition, the application of these empirical equations to grid turbulence is described.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
MASARU ISHIDA, TAKUYA OHNO1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 281-287
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn energy-direction factor diagram elucidating both the exergy required for distillation and the irreversible exergy loss in a distillation column is proposed. For this purpose the concept of a reversible distillation column with interstage heat exchangers is introduced and the energy exchange between the energy-donating processes and the energy-accepting ones is discussed. Although it is composed of a finite number of stages, this reversible column may theoretically perform separation without exergy loss.
By comparing a real distillation column with the corresponding reversible one with the same number of stages, the irreversible exergy loss in the distillation column can be obtained, facilitating a visual grasp of its thermodynamic characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
MITSUTAKA KITAMURA, TASUKU NAKAI1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 288-293
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen o-chlorobenzoic acid (OCBA) is recrystallized from toluene solution containing benzoic acid (BA) as impurity, BA co-crystallizes with OCBA because of formation of solid solution. The distribution coefficient of BA between crystal and toluene solution was estiamted by the differential crystallization method. The coefficient was observed to remain almost constant independently of solution composition for XLBA less than 0.6. However, it decreased with crystallization temperature. If the concentration of BA in solutions increased more than some limiting value during crystallization, not only the solid solution but also BA crystals precipitated simultaneously and the purity of OCBA crystals suddenly decreased.
Batch crystallization was carried out by evaporation at constant temperature. The evaporation rate was controlled using an electro-controller, but no influence of evaporation rate on average composition of crystals was observed. The average composition of crystals was calculated using the distribution coefficient obtained by differential crystallization. The calculated values agreed well with experimental data and it became clear that the distribution coefficient for differential crystallization hardly differs from that in batch evaporative crystallization.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
KAZUYUKI CHIHARA, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 293-299
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAir drying experiments by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) were carried out, using two columns packed with silica gel as adsorbent. Measurements were also made of batch adsorption of water vapor on silica gel to obtain input data for the authors'' PSA simulation program. Experimental PSA results were compared with this computer simulation. Good agreement was obtained and the trend of experimental results was well explained by simulation for both isothermal and non-isothermal cases. In the simulation, however, mass transfer coefficients two or three times larger than those estimated conventionally from batch measurement were used to obtain good coincidence. These larger mass transfer coefficients were determined by a recently developed method for short adsorption and desorption cycle.5) The simulation method is useful in predicting the performance of air drying PSA.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
KO HIGASHITANI, KIYOYUKI YAMAUCHI, YOSHIZO MATSUNO, GIJIRO HOSOKAWA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 299-304
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA kinetic equation for the turbulent coagulation of particles in a viscous fluid in which the hydrodynamic interaction between colliding particles is taken into account is proposed. The theoretical prediction of the time-dependent behavior of particle concentration is compared with results of experiments in which latex particles in KC1 solutions are coagulated in a stirred tank. It is found that the effect of the hydrodynamic interaction is not negligible, and that changes of particle concentration under various experimental conditions are quantitatively predicted by the present theory. On the other hand, the Saffman-Turner theory is found to overestimate the coagulation rate considerably and to yield a systematic error in the dependence of coagulation rate on the dissipation energy.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
HIROSHI YUKAWA, KAZUHIRO SHIMURA, AKIHIRO SUDA, AKIO MANIWA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 305-311
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the major bottlenecks in ultrafiltration of colloidal solutions of such materials as protein is gel layer formation, which exhibits very large filtration resistance. Cross-flow electro-ultrafiltration is very effective in increasing the filtration flux because the thickness of the gel layer formed on the membrane is decreased by electrophoresis and the shear force caused near the membrane. Moreover, the filtration resistances of the gel layer and the membrane are apparently decreased by electroosmosis. In this paper, the performance and the design equation of a cross-flow electro-ultrafilter are reported for a colloidal solution of gelatin.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
MIKIO KONNO, MINORU AOKI, SHOZABURO SAITO1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 312-319
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of scale on the breakup process in liquid-liquid agitated tanks was investigated. Transient drop size distributions in the breakup process were measured in geometrically similar mixing vessels at equal power input per unit mass, which was taken as a scale-up criterion under the assumption of isotropic turbulence for the flow around drops. The distributions in each vessel, however, did not undergo the same variation with time and the condition of equal power input per unit mass was found to be inappropriate as a scale-up criterion for the breakup process.
The experimental result was explained from direct observation of breakups in the mixing vessels by high-speed cine-photography. The observations made it clear that breakups occurred not only in the isotropic turbulent region but also in the nonisotropic turbulent region. A new model for the breakup process was proposed which considers breakups in both regions. This model successfully predicted the transient drop size distributions.View full abstractDownload PDF (719K) -
KIYOTAKA SAKAI, MICHIO MINESHIMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 320-323
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper discusses a new quantitative evaluation of the removal dynamics in the artificial kidney system. New therapeutic parameters (KC/V and CL/V) were introduced into the evaluation.
By means of these parameters, which can be determined by simulation analysis, concentration-time profiles of each patient could be drawn during dialysis and off-dialysis periods.
The newly defined concept of "CSMAX", which means a maximum solute concentration in stable periods, is presented as the characterization parameter in long-term treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
TORU TAKAMATSU, MANABU YAMAGUCHI, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 324-326
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (226K) -
TSUNEO SEKIZAWA, HIROSHI KUBOTA, WOO CHANG CHUNG1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 327-330
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (264K) -
SHIN-ICHI NAKAO, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 330-332
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (228K) -
KAZUYUKI SHIMIZU, R. S. H. MAH1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 332-334
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (160K) -
JOSÉ COCA, JULIO L. BUENO, HERMINIO SASTRE1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 335-338
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
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A. T. JACKSON, N. DOMBROWSKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 4 Pages 338-339
Published: August 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (109K)
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