JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN
Online ISSN : 1881-1299
Print ISSN : 0021-9592
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Volume 15, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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  • INTERACTION SECOND VIRIAL COEFFICIENTS FOR SIX BINARY SYSTEMS CONTAINING CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE, ETHYLENE AND PROPYLENE AT 125°C
    KAZUNARI OHGAKI, YUKIHIRO NAKAMURA, HIDEYUKI ARIYASU, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 85-90
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.85
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    The pure virial coefficients of carbon dioxide, methane, ethylene and propylene at 125°C were measured with the Burnett method by an apparatus newly built for the high-temperature region. By use of the same apparatus, the excess second virial coefficients for the six binary systems composed of these components were measured at 125°C with a gas-mixing method.
    The temperature and pressure measurements were performed with a high accuracy of 5 ppm and 3 ppm, respectively. The estimated errors of pure and excess second virial coefficients are within 0.5% and 1.5%, respectively. The pure third virial coefficients are obtained within an accuracy of 10 %.
    The interaction second virial coefficients for the six binary systems are calculated from the results of the pure and excess virial coefficients obtained in this experiment. The estimated error of the interaction second virial coefficients for all systems is smaller than 0.5 %.
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  • ISOTHERMAL VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF PROPYLENE OXIDE-ETHYLENE AND ETHYL ETHER-ETHYLENE SYSTEMS AT HIGH PRESSURES
    KAZUNARI OHGAKI, TAKAYUKI NAKATANI, TETSURO SAITO, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 91-97
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.91
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    Isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data of propylene oxide-ethylene and ethyl ether-ethylene systems were measured by a static method at 25°C and 40°C. The consistency of experimental results is examined by an enhancement factor of the vapor phase and by the Henry constant (f2/x2) of the liquid phase.
    By use of the Lewis fugacity rule for ethylene in the vapor phase, the activity coefficients of liquid phase and the fugacity coefficients of vapor phase are evaluated from themodynamic relationships.
    The P-x-y data of both systems are correlated with the Redlich-Kwong equation modified by Soave and the perturbation equation proposed by Gubbins and Twu. In the normal probability plot of the residuals, the SRK equation gives better correlation results for both systems.
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  • FREE CONVECTION MASS TRANSFER IN K3Fe(CN)6-K4Fe (CN)6-KOH SOLUTION
    SETSURO HIRAOKA, IKUHO YAMADA, HIROMI TAKEUCHI, HIDENORI IKENO, HIROMI ...
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 98-104
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.98
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    Free convection ion transfer at a vertical flat plate electrode is studied both theoretically and experimentally for a dilute solution system of K3Fe(CN)6-K4Fe(CN)6 with KOH supporting electrolyte. The numerical results of the ion concentration and velocity profiles are very similar to those of the temperature and velocity profiles for free-convection heat transfer. The slight dependency of the ion transfer rate on bulk concentration, obtained from the numerical result, is confirmed experimentally. To correlate the experimental data of the ion transfer rate, a conventional estimation equation of the characteristic densification coefficient is proposed.
    β0=βk4Fe(CN)6-βk3Fe(CN)6-O.5βKOH
    By using this equation, the experimental data are correlated almost exactly by the correlation equation for free-convection heat transfer.
    In addition, it is confirmed from the numerical result on the density difference in boundary layer that the analogy between ion and heat transfers holds well in the non-equimolar solution.
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  • STRUCTURE, HABIT AND COMPOSITION OF CRYSTALS OBTAINED BY ADDUCTIVE CRYSTALLIZATION USING Ni-COMPLEX
    MITSUTAKA KITAMURA, TASUKU NAKAI
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 105-109
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.105
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    Structure, habit and composition of clathrate crystal using tetra(4-methylpyridine)nickel(II) thiocyanate (Ni(4-MePy)4(SCN)2) were investigated by pyrolysis gas chromatography and X-ray diffraction analysis.
    When the Ni-complex was recrystallized in chloroform, octahedral β9-type crystal including chloroform was obtained. However, needlelike α-type crystal including ethanol was precipitated from ethanol.
    p-Xylene clathrate crystal of β-type was precipitated in (4-methylpyridine 10 vol%-fmethylcellosolve 90 vol %) solution containing various amounts of p-xylene and constant amount of Nicomplex. When p-xylene was excessively present in the solution, pure p-xylene clathrate was obtained. On the other hand, from solution containing no p-xylene solvent molecules of both 4-methylpyridine and methylcellosolve were found to be clathrated. From detailed analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns, it was observed that unit cell volume of pure p-xylene clathrate is larger by about 6 % than that of solvent clathrate.
    However, when p-xylene was not present excessively in the solution, 4-methylpyridine, methylcellosolve and p-xylene were simultaneously clathrated. The summation of molar ratios for each guest molecule to Ni-complex seems to become constant to the extent that the molar ratio of p-xylene as a guest molecule to Ni-comple is larger than about 0.3. These facts may suggest that there is a kind of "anchor effect", i.e., 4-methylpyridine and methylcellosolve are dragged into the clathrate crystal with p-xylene.
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  • EQUILIBRIUM AND RATE OF HYDROGEN SORPTION IN TITANIUM SPONGE IN LOW PRESSURE RANGE
    KATSUMI YASUFUKU, MOTOYUKI SUZUKI
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 110-114
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.110
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    Sorption equilibrium and rate relation of low-pressure hydrogen in commercial titanium sponge is needed for design of the helium purification system in a high-temperature gas reactor. Stepwise sorption experiments were performed in a high-vacuum Pyrex apparatus for 10-2-102 Pa between 723 and 1023 K.
    After correction for thermal transpiration effects, equilibrium data are well correlated by a dissociation-type equation and the heat of sorption is determined. Sorption rate is controlled by solid diffusion at temperatures below 923 K, and solid diffusivity is obtained.
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  • NON-ISOTHERMAL BEHAVIOR OF GAS-SOLID REACTIONS BASED ON THE VOLUME REACTION MODEL
    SHOICHI KIMURA, JUN''ICHI NAKAGAWA, SETSUJI TONE, TSUTAO OTAKE
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 115-121
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.115
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    The effect of heat of reaction in gas-solid reactions is analyzed on the basis of the volume reaction model with a second-order rate equation. The variation of the effectiveness factor in the progress of reaction is graphically represented. For highly exothermic reactions, multiple solutions and the transition of the rate-controlling regime are shown to occur in connection with the magnitude of the Thiele-type modulus.
    On comparison with the experimental data readily obtainable in the literature, the model is found to satisfactorily describe the data for non-isothermal reaction systems.
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  • MIXING PROPERTIES IN LOOP REACTOR
    YASUHIRO MURAKAMI, TSUTOMU HIROSE, SHINICHI ONO, TORU NISHIJIMA
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 121-125
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.121
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    Mixing process under batch operation was investigated by the impulse response method. A series solution of the dispersion model for recirculation flow is given and a simple procedure to determine the model parameter, Bodenstein number Bo, is proposed. Dimensions of the loop reactor used in most experiments are: inner diameter = 10 cm, whole pipe length-=280 cm and reactor volume=22l. The impellers used are: pitched paddles of three different pitched angles and three different diameters, an axial flow pump-type impeller and a marine screw.
    Bodenstein number was converted into Peclet number, Pe, which in turn is correlated with the pipe Reynolds number, Rep. For the experimental range of Rep=2.5×103-2×105, Pe ranges over 3-16, which is 2-3 times that in a straight pipe. Geometry of the impeller does not affect the value of Pe for a given value of Rep. Pe in unbaffled condition is larger than that in baffled condition because of helical motion of fluid. The number of circulations before the fluctuation decays below 1 % of average concentration is analytically found to be 0.134 Bo.
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  • ON FINITE AND SEMI-INFINITE STEADY STATE TUBULAR REACTOR MODELS
    K. S. CHANG, K. BERGEVIN, E. W. GODSALVE
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 126-131
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.126
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    Two contrasting models of one-dimensional axial dispersion tubular reactors are studied. One is a finite reactor model with zero concentration gradient at the exit and the other is a semi-infinite reactor model with its solution truncated at the exit. The comparison of concentration profiles and conversions between the two models for first-oder reactions shows that, for a reasonably wide range of Péclet and Damkohler numbers, the profiles as well as the conversions agree quite well and the choice of model is of little consequence. It is within the intermediate range of Damkohler numbers and low Peclet numbers that the two models give rise to considerably different profiles and conversions.
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  • THE EFFECT OF STABILIZER ON COALESCENCE OF DISPERSED DROPS IN SUSPENSION POLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE
    MIKIO KONNO, KUNIO ARAI, SHOZABURO SAITO
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 131-135
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.131
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    Suspension polymerization of styrene was conducted to study the effect of polyvinyl alcohol, added as a stabilizer to the continuous phase, on dispersed drop size distribution. Transient drop size distributions were measured under several experimental conditions with dispersedphase volume fractions ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 and stabilizer concentrations from 0.3 to 10g/l. The experimental results show that at the early stage of the reaction, where the dispersed phase viscosity is lower than about 50 cp, drop size does not depend upon stabilizer concentration. Above this viscosity, stabilizer concentration influences on drop size. Whenever drop agglomeration occurs, drop size distribution reveals a bimodal form in which the lower drop size mode in the distribution maintains a constant drop diameter while the higher drop size mode moves toward a larger drop size. The experimental results may be accounted for by the hypothesis that the coalescence of dispersed drops above the maximum stable drop size for breakup is not effectively prevented by the stabilizer.
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  • PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS METHOD FOR HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK
    MASAAKI MURAKI, TOYOHIKO HAYAKAWA
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 136-141
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.136
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    Synthesis of an optimal (minimum-cost) heat exchanger network is very important from the viewpoint of energy saving and cost reduction, but it is difficult to solve these synthesis problems because there exist an extremely large number of possible stream combinations to be considered.
    A practical method composing three stages [pre-analysis, generation of initial networks, and evolution] was developed to synthesize an optimal network by hand calculation. The problem table is adopted to determine the minimum utility requirement precisely, and to search necessary conditions of maximum heat recovery in the pre-analysis stage. A simple algorithm of initial network generation is developed to generate nearly optimal networks considering maximum heat recovery and optimal locations of heaters and coolers. Initial networks are improved by simple evolutionary rules based on stream-splitting to increase the heat duties of units and to vary the exchanger sizes in the evolution stage. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by solving the synthesis problems reported in previous works.
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  • THEORETICAL STUDY OF CONTINUOUS NAD RECYCLING BY CONJUGATED ENZYMES IMMOBILIZED IN ULTRAFILTRATION HOLLOW FIBER
    OSATO MIYAWAKI, Kozo NAKAMURA, TOSHIMASA YANO
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 142-147
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.142
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    The steady-state solution of continuous conjugated enzyme reactions was theoretically obtained by application of the Theorell-Chance reaction mechanism for the system of alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase immobilized in an ultrafiltration hollow-fiber tube. The reactor was a dialyzer of complete mixing type. The coenzyme, NAD, was dynamically recycled between its oxidized and reduced state by the action of the conjugated enzymes under continuous operation. The results of numerical calculation elucidated the dependence of NAD recycle number on such conditions as concentration of immobilized enzyme, feed concentrations of NAD and substrates, permeability, reactor volume, flow rate and fractional volume of fiber packed in a reactor. With a sufficiently high enzyme concentration and a low NAD concentration, a very high NAD recycle number (>1000) with a good conversion of substrate (>50%) was theoretically possible through the strong affinity between the enzymes and the cofactor. The cost of cofactor in an immobilized enzyme reaction may be greatly reduced by the present method of dynamic recycling.
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  • EFFECT OF COMPACTION ON CONVERSIONS IN IMMOBILIZED ENZYME PACKED COLUMNS
    SHINTARO FURUSAKI, YASUMASA OKAMURA, TERUKATSU MIYAUCHI
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 148-153
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.148
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    Effect of compaction on behavior of immobilized enzyme packed bed reactor is investigated by the use of invertase entrapped by polyacrylamide gel. Void fraction decreases with increase of superficial velocity. Also, apparent reaction rate decreases extraordinarily. This phenomenon is explained by decrease of surface area of immobilized enzyme particles. The ratio of surface area to volume of particles is found to be five times smaller than for spherical particles in the extreme case.
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  • PREDICTION OF ACENTRIC FACTOR OF ALKANES BY THE GROUP CONTRIBUTION METHOD
    DAISUKE HOSHINO, KUNIO NAGAHAMA, MITSUHO HIRATA
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 153-155
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.153
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  • VISCOSITY OF CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (R22) AT HIGH PRESSURES
    MASARU KONGO, SHINJI TAKAHASHI
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 155-158
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.155
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  • DISCUSSION OF ZERO-ORDER REACTION MULTIPLICITY
    GORDANA M. CIRIC-MATIJEVIC, RATOMIR N. PAUNOVIC
    1982 Volume 15 Issue 2 Pages 158-161
    Published: April 20, 1982
    Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.15.158
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