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Volume 16 (1983)
- Issue 6 Pages 449-
- Issue 5 Pages 345-
- Issue 4 Pages 257-
- Issue 3 Pages 167-
- Issue 2 Pages 85-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 5
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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CHIAKI YOKOYAMA, KUNIO ARAI, SHOZABURO SAITO1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 345-352
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new semiempirical equation of state applicable both to non-polar and to polar substances was developed, by a modification of the perturbation theory. This equation is composed of four terms, each characterized by one of the four kinds of interactions: repulsion, symmetric, non-polar asymmetric and polar asymmetric interactions. For the first one, the hard convex fluid equation of Boublík was used. The functional forms of the second and third ones were determined by analogy to the Padé function of Stell and the second virial coefficient equation of Tsonopoulos. The last one was approximated by the polar deviation function of Stell. The universal constants of the second and third terms were obtained by use of the P-V-T data of the reference substances having the corresponding interaction. Four characteristic parameters, with well-defined physical meaning, were required to characterize the pure substances. The values of these parameters are presented for non-polar and polar substances. The proposed equation produced good correlation results for the P-V-T relations of the non-polar and polar substances, except in the critical region of polar substances.View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
TOMOSHIGE NITTA, TOSHIO AKIMOTO, AKIRA MATSUI, TAKASHI KATAYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 352-356
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn apparatus and procedures are described for accurate determination of both gas solubility and vapor pressure of mixed solvents. A degassing process in which a mixed solvent is degassed thoroughly while keeping the composition unchanged is examined carefully. Measurement of the vapor pressure of the solvent is made before the introduction of the gas component, which increases the reliability of gas-solubih''ty data determined later. Experimental data are presented for the vapor pressures and nitrogen solubilities of binary mixtures of cyclohexane and benzene at 25°C. Reproducibilities are ±10 Pa and ±0.1% for the vapor pressures and the solubilities, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
MINORU KUMAGAI, KAZUO ENDOH1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 357-363
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt has been made to measure the mean residence time of the gas entrained by a plunging water jet. The mean residence time, in the high jet velocity region on the gas entrainment curve, does not depend on jet velocity and tends to remain approximately constant for each set of experimental conditions. The experimental data are correlated with both the ratio (Lj/D) of jet length (Lj, ) to nozzle inside diameter (D) and the angle (α) between the water jet discharge and the bath surface.
The gas holdup (H) is evaluated by multiplying the gas entrainment rate by the mean residence time of the entrained gas. From the evaluation of the gas holdup the following two relationships can be established for region IV depending upon the Lj/D ratio:
Lj/D≤70: H=8.07 × 10-5(ρ1D2V2)(Lj/D)0.35 sin0.2α
Lj/D>70: H=1.86 × 10-4(ρ1D2V2)(Lj/D)0.15sin0.3α
where V is the water jet velocity and ρ1 is the density of the liquid.View full abstractDownload PDF (576K) -
RYOZO TOEI, HIRONOBU IMAKOMA, HAJIME TAMON, MORIO OKAZAKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 364-369
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWater transport in wet porous materials is expressed as the simultaneous transport of adsorbed water, capillary water and water vapor. The sum of the surface flow coefficient and the liquid water transfer coefficient is defined as the water transfer coefficient in this paper.
The water transfer coefficient was measured by a modified method which is a kind of constant-volume method for adsorption equilibrium. An activated alumina whose pores are fine was used as the experimental material.
Based on the water transfer model previously proposed by the authors, the observed dependence of the water transfer coefficient on water content and temperature were successfully interpreted.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
MASAHIRO KINOSHITA, IORI HASHIMOTO, TAKEICHIRO TAKAMATSU1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 370-377
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA powerful new simulation procedure is developed for multicomponent distillation columns processing nonideal solutions or reactive solutions. Although the tridiagonal matrix algorithm is incorporated, the main calculational loop is the Newton-Raphson method in which liquid mole fractions are chosen for the independent variables and the functions to be zeroed are originally defined. The procedure does not vitiate at all such great advantages of the conventional tridiagonal matrix method as the ready incorporation of heat balances, nonideality of the solutions and chemical reactions, and still the algorithm and computer programming are rather simple. Nevertheless, the procedure presents much greater stability in finding converged solutions. A total of eight numerical experiments are made under a variety of conditions, and in all cases rigorous solutions are obtained achieving convergence in three to nine iterations.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
ISAO KOMASAWA, TSUTAO OTAKE1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 377-383
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn investigation of diluent effect in the extraction of metals was carried out by examining the equilibrium distribution of copper and nickel in hydroxyoxime as extractant, using n-heptane, xylene, nitrobenzene and several oxygen-containing polar solvents as diluents. From a comparison in the shift of the infra-red absorption band of oxime and the extraction constant for each diluent, the strength of the interaction between the oxime and diluent molecules resulting from hydrogen-bonding can be used as a measure of the diluent effect.
Progressive replacement of n-heptane by an oxygen-containing polar solvent causes the extraction performance to be sharply reduced, without changing the molecular form of the extracted species. The extent of this reduction can be accounted for by the formation of an intermolecular complex between the oxime and polar solvent molecules, and the equilibrium constants of these complexes are reported. Identical treatment and analysis have been carried out for the combinations of xylene and polar solvents, and for n-heptane and xylene.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
ISAO KOMASAWA, TSUTAO OTAKE, ICHIZO HATTORI1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 384-388
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the extraction of cobalt and nickel from an aqueous solution containing both metals and using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHPNA), interaction occurs which influences the amount of each of the metals extracted. For ideal conditions where only monomeric metal species is extracted, an extraction equilibrium expression for a mixed metal species has been obtained and the separation factor for cobalt and nickel can be reasonably expressed as a function of the concentrations of the species and the extraction constants involved. Under conditions typical of industrial operation, the separation factor cannot be correlated by such a simple function. The observed values, however, are found to be not greatly different from those obtained using the data for pure metal extraction, except in the limiting case of a highly loaded organic phase. The separation factor obtained with 100 mol/m3 EHPNA in xylene is around 1000, which is much greater than the values obtained using HDEHP.View full abstractDownload PDF (381K) -
IKUO JITSUHARA, SHOJI KIMURA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 389-393
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNegatively charged ultrafiltration membranes were prepared from Na-form sulfonated polysulfone (SPS), which was made by sulfonation of polysulfone using SO3-triethyl phosphate complex. Two kinds of SPS, having charge densities of 1.60 and 0.776meq/g, were obtained. Casting conditions were optimized by varying polymer concentration, evaporation temperature and casting period. This membrane showed less fouling when ovalbumin was negatively charged at high pH. Tubular membranes were used to get reflection coefficient and solute permeability with PEG #600 to #6, 000. Using these values and pure water permeability, pore radius and Ak/ΔX were calculated on the basis of the steric hindrance pore model. The radius was 18.7Å and 24.0Å for the high and the low charge density membrane, Ml and M2, respectively. Ak/ΔX calculated from water and solute permeabilities coincided well for Ml, but not for M2. This may be due to the hydrophobicity of the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
IKUO JITSUHARA, SHOJI KIMURA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 394-399
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA charged ultrafiltration membrane made of sulfonated polysulfone is used to separate 10 inorganic solutes. Rejections are high when solute concentration is low, and become lower with higher concentration, which is the typical trend of the charged membrane. Thus the charged membrane can remove low content of inorganic solute at low pressure of ultrafiltration range, resulting in energy saving. Reflection coefficients and solute permeabilities are determined as functions of concentration and these are compared with the values predicted by the theoretical treatment developed here on the basis of the frictional interpretation. The osmotic coefficients of membranes are determined by use of the reflection coefficient, and are then used to calculate solute permeabilities. Though the theory predicts lower permeability at low concentration, general coincidence of theory and experiment is good. By using this result the characteristics of the charged membrane can now be estimated.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
KENJI HASHIMOTO, SHUJI ADACHI, HIROMITSU NOUJIMA, HIROKI MARUYAMA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 400-406
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe continuous separation of a glucose/fructose mixture was experimentally performed using a simulated moving-bed adsorber packed with the Ca2+ ion form of Y zeolite. In the adsorber, the continuous and countercurrent contact of the liquid stream with the solid adsorbent is simulated by advancing adsorption columns against the fixed inlets and outlets of liquid streams, without actual movement of the solid adsorbent. Two mathematical models, i.e., an intermittent moving-bed and a continuous moving-bed type, are presented for calculating the concentration profiles of glucose and fructose in the simulated moving-bed adsorber. The validity of the models is experimentally confirmed, and a criterion for good separation in the simulated moving-bed adsorber is presented.View full abstractDownload PDF (598K) -
KOZO KOIDE, HIROYUKI SATO, SHINJI IWAMOTO1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 407-413
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gas holdup ε and the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kLa were studied experimentally in a bubble column with a draught tube and with gas dispersion into the annulus. It has been shown that ε and kLa increase with increasing gas velocity and frothing ability of liquid, while the dimensions of the column have a minor effect on ε and kLa. Based on these observations, empirical equations for ε and kLa are proposed which are applicable to columns with diameters of 0.1-0.3 m.
It was shown also that at the same gas velocity the values of ε and kLa in this column are larger than those in a bubble column without a draught tube, when a liquid with frothing ability is used.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
KOZO KOIDE, KATSUMI KUREMATSU, SHINJI IWAMOTO, YUTAKA IWATA, KAZUYOSHI ...1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 413-419
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gas holdup ε and the volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kLa were studied experimentally in a bubble column with a draught tube and with gas dispersion into the tube. From experimental observation ε increases with increasing gas velocity and frothing ability of liquid, while the other properties of the liquid and the column dimensions have a minor effect on ε. kLa increases with gas velocity, column diameter, frothing ability of liquid and diffusivity of the dissolved gas, and decreases with increase in (Di/Do). Other dimensions of the column have a minor effect on kLa. Based on these observations, empirical equations for ε and kLa are proposed which are applicable to columns with diameters of 0.1-0.3 m.
At the same gas velocity, kLa in this column is larger than that in the bubble column and smaller than that in the column with a draught tube and with gas dispersion into the annulus for a liquid with frothing ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
SHINJI OGAWA, HIROSHI YAMAGUCHI, SETSUJI TONE, TSUTAO OTAKE1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 419-425
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLiquid-side volumetric mass transfer coefficients and effective gas-liquid specific interfacial areas were measured from the longitudinal distribution of oxygen concentration in gas phase by catalytic sulfite oxidation with air in the spouting and the calm sections, which were the lower and upper regions respectively in the jet reactor with liquid jet ejector.
Both liquid-side volumetric coefficients and effective gas-liquid specific interfacial areas increased with the kinetic energy of the liquid jet, and their values in the spouting section were larger than those in the calm section. Further, effective gas-liquid specific interfacial area showed greater values than in other types of reactors, at a similar power supply per unit reactor volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
KEN-ICHI KIKUCHI, TAKUO SUGAWARA, HIROYASU OHASHI1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 426-428
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (222K) -
TOSHIO KAJIUCHI, TAKAO KANNO, HISAO SAKA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 428-430
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (241K) -
RYOZO TOEI, HIRONOBU IMAKOMA, HAJIME TAMON, MORIO OKAZAKI1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 431-432
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (148K) -
MASAKUNI MATSUOKA1983 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 433-435
Published: October 20, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 04, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (188K)
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