JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN
Online ISSN : 1881-1299
Print ISSN : 0021-9592
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Volume 7, Issue 4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • ESTIMATION OF HEAT OF MIXING OF NONPOLAR ORGANIC LIQUID MIXTURES
    RUITEN OUYANG
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 237-242
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.237
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    The mechanism of heat of mixing of two nonpolar organic liquids A and B has been studied. Most liquids have their minimum volume at the melting point.
    As the temperature is increased, the liquids expand by virtue of creating the free volume vf Inside the liquids. Suppose liquid A has the free volume vfA and B, vfB. Here, let vfA>vfB. As the consequence of the mixing of A and B, vfA and vfB are shared by both at the contact surface [or mixed fraction, cf. J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 1, (2), 99 (1968)], which results in the expansion of B and the contraction of A. When they contract or expand, heat is evolved or absorbed. In this way, using excess volume data, VE, specific heats and densities of pure liquids and the equation written below, heat of mixing can be predicted approximately. Of more than twenty nonpolar binary liquid mixtures predicted, part of them showed good agreement with the experimental excess enthalpy in the literature, while setting FA≈FB≈1 in the following equation. Others showed a regular relation of FA and FB, which are characteristic of a homologous binary series.
    ??
    where, HE= excess entnalpy, VE=Jixcess volume,
    XA, XB=Mole fractions of A and B in a liquid mixture,
    FA, FB=Factors characteristic of a homologous binary system and for particular homologous mixtures FA≈FB≈1.
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  • LOWER BOUND ON THE DRAG OFFERED TO A NEWTONIAN FLUID SPHERE PLACED IN A FLOWING ELLIS FLUID
    V. MOHAN, D. VENKATESWARLU
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 243-247
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.243
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    The lower bound on the drag offered to a Newtonian fluid sphere placed in an Ellis model fluid in creeping flow has been found using variational principles. For a solid sphere, the results fall below those reported earlier.
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  • STUDIES OF FLUIDIZATION OF MOIST PARTICLES
    NORIO ARAI, SACHIO SUGIYAMA
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 247-251
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.247
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    In this paper, the effect of moisture content on the quality of fluidization in the gas-solid fluidized bed was investigated experimentally and theoretically, using nonporous particles such as glass bead, glass powder, silica sand and so on. It was confirmed that the minimum fluidizing velocity (umf) of moist particles can be estimated from existing theory with aid of the observed value of the minimum fluidizing voidage (εmf), provided the moisture content (w) is lower than 0.1 wt%.
    Further, the expansion ratio of the bed proved well estimable on the lines of Ergun''s idea except in the case of high expansion ratio.
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  • FREQUENCY RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS OF PACKED BEDS OF HOLLOW EPOXY SPHERES
    LAMBERT OTTEN, G. A. TURNER
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 251-254
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.251
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    Experimental and theoretical frequency response curves are presented for a system in which heat is transferred sinusoidally between a flowing fluid and a stationary packing. The packing material consists of hollow epoxy spheres and the fluid is air.
    The observed agreement between experiment and theory led to the conclusion that the model is a satisfactory description of the physical system.
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  • MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS FOR SUSPENDED PARTICLES IN AGITATED VESSELS AND BUBBLE COLUMNS
    YUJI SANO, NOBUTAKA YAMAGUCHI, TOSHIRO ADACHI
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 255-261
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.255
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    Mass transfer coefficients of suspended particles were measured in agitated vessels and in bubble columns. Four sizes of agitated vessels (diameter: 9.5, 17.5, 20, 40 cmØ) including both fully baffled and non-bafHed conditions and two sizes of bubble columns (diameter: 10, 20cmØ) were used. Particle sizes ranged from 60 to 1100 μØ including both spherical beads (ion exchange resin) and granules (benzole acid, KMnO4, and β-naphthol). We correlated the mass transfer coefficients using the surface factor as
    Sh=[2+0.4(εdp4/ν3)1/4•Sc1/3]•φc
    with a standard deviation of 30.8% for the Sherwood number. Sh[-]: Sherwood number, e [cm2/sec3]: rate of energy dissipation, dp [cm]: specific surface diameter, v [cm2/sec3]: kinematic viscosity, Sc [-]: Schmidt number and Øc [-]: surface factor.
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  • ZONE SPREADING IN GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY
    MOTOYUKI SUZUKI
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 262-266
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.262
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    Axial dispersion in interparticle spaces and intra-gel diffusion are the two unknown factors to control the spreading of a pulse introduced in a dextran gel bed. Macromolecule (blue dextran) which is excluded by gel particle and small molecule (sodium chloride) are used together to separate these two contributions. Axial dispersion is of unusual significance, and intraparticle diffusivities of sodium chloride in Sephadex G-25 and G-50 are 1.55 × 10-6 and 1.5 × 10-5 cm2/sec at room temperature.
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  • MODIFIED TRIDIAGONAL MATRIX METHOD FOR NON-IDEAL MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION IN COMPLEX COLUMNS
    HIDEO SAITO, HIDEO WADA, SATORU KANNO, ANDREW H. SUGIE
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 267-270
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.267
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    A calculation method is proposed for a non-ideal multicomponent distillation column with any number of feeds and side-cut streams. The tridiagonal matrix method proposed for ideal systems by Wang and Henke was modified for non-ideal systems by means of an approach based on the principle of perturbation. The over-correction phenomenon in iterative calculations is improved by introducing a correction parameter. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by the excellent convergence for several examples.
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  • BEHAVIOR OF MINOR COMPONENT IN BATCH RECTIFICATION OF AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ETHANOL
    ATSUSHI IKARI, SHIGEAKI MISHIMA, ICHIRO OTSUBO
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 271-276
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.271
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    Batch rectification of an aqueous solution of ethanol containing 0.3 wt % furfural was carried out in a glass laboratory packed tower or an Oldershaw-type column. The distillation curves of ethanol and furfural were obtained under several conditions. The curves of the minor component (furfural) were found to show a sharp peak. The ratio of mole fraction of furfural in distillate to that in charge goes up to over 160.
    With some assumptions, a set of equations governing the behavior of ethanol and a minor component has been derived from the mass balances around a still, a typical stage and a condenser.
    It is shown that the results of numerical calculation are similar in shape and magnitude to the observed distillation curves.
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  • KINETIC STUDY OF OXIDATION OF ZINC SULFIDE PELLETS
    TETSUJI TAKAMURA, KUNIO YOSHIDA, DAIZO KUNII
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 276-280
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.276
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    Pelleted spheres of zinc sulflde were oxidized in an air stream within a temperature range of 560°C-970°C. The reaction rate at zero time where no ash layer builds up was correlated as
    ks=3.66×107 exp (-3.48×104/ℜT)
    The control regime of the reaction rate was found to be a function of temperature, and the predicted reaction rates were in reasonable agreement with experimental data.
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  • EFFECTS OF INTRAPARTICLE FLOW ON CATALYTIC REACTIONS
    HIROSHI KOMIYAMA, HAKUAI INOUE
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 281-286
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.281
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    The effects on solid-catalyzed reaction of intraparticle flow resulting from an axial pressure gradient in a flow reactor are investigated theoretically and experimentally.
    First, an equation which gives the effectiveness factor under the combined effects of flow and diffusion is presented and the results are compared with experiments using an ion exchange reaction.
    From the analyses the large effects of intraparticle flow on reaction are proved, and it is found that a packed bed of catalyst pellets permitting intraparticle flow is the most suitable reactor for reducing reactor volume and flow resistances.
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  • SIMULATION OF PYROLYSIS OF PARAFFINIC HYDROCARBON BINARY MIXTURES
    MITSUO MURATA, NORIO TAKEDA, SHOZABURO SAITO
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 286-294
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.286
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    Pyrolysis of several binary mixtures composed of ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane, and neopentane at small extents of reaction has been studied in order to extend the method previously proposed for a single component to the prediction of the initial pyrolytic products from mixtures. In the pyrolysis of each binary system, generally, one component disappears faster than when it is pyrolyzed by itself, while the rate of disappearance of the other component changes little. In particular, the rate of propane decomposition increases by a maximum of 2.8 times in the propane-neopentane mixture.
    The product distributions from mixtures are approximately uniform with the extents of reaction, being analogous to the case of single components. The distributions of the mixtures predicted on the basis of the results for the single components are found to be in good agreement with those experimentally observed, with the assumption that the selectivity to products of a single component is maintained in its mixture system. The reaction can be accounted for by a free-radical chain mechanism, and it is confirmed that the change of overall reaction rate, affected by the existence of the other component, depends on the concentration of hydrogen atoms and methyl radicals, and that the initiation reaction rate of each component has a central role.
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  • THE BEHAVIOR OF AGGLOMERATES UNDER TENSILE STRAIN
    H. RUMPF, H. SCHUBERT
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 294-298
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.294
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    This paper deals with the tensile strength and strain behavior of agglomerates. For moist agglomerates the tensile strength in the whole region of liquid saturation may be described. The theory agrees well with the experimental results. For agglomerates bound together by liquid bridges, a model which reproduces the force-displacement behavior of agglomerates under unidirectional loading is proposed. The validity of this model is demonstrated with the help of a specially developed apparatus which enables the strain for a given force to be measured. The theoretically and experimentally determined stable and unstable regions of the stress-strain curves of the agglomerates are discussed.
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  • DIRECT MEASURING METHOD OF CONCENTRATION SPECTRA BY ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY
    HIROO TSUJIKAWA, SAICHIRO MISHIMA, HIDETOSHI NAGAMOTO, OSATO MIYAWAKI, ...
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 299-303
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.299
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    A new method to measure concentration spectra is developed. The electric current between electrodes is proved proportional to the integral function of the Fourier transform of concentration. Concentration spectrum is obtained by integrating varying frequency of the electric current. The specific feature of this method is that it does not use any wave filter. High selectivity of frequency and ease of analyzing low frequency components of the spectrum are advantages of this method. The method is, however, easily affected by noise, and a means of avoiding this defect is developed.
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  • SOME CONSIDERATIONS OF A CLASS OF MULTISTAGE ALLOCATION PROBLEMS
    Ko OI, HAYATOSHI SAYAMA, TAKEICHIRO TAKAMATSU
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 304-309
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.304
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    Some multistage allocation problems which appear in several engineering fields are mathematically identical and reduced to a class of problems. In consequence of this generalization the nature of these design problems is examined comprehensively. The similarity common to this variety of problems and the difference between them are discussed.
    The objective function appearing in this class of design problems sometimes has multimodality. A sufficient condition for a unique optimum point of the objective function is derived for an arbitrary number of stages. Finally, a sufficient condition for local optimality of a stationary point is given.
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  • SOLUBILITIES OF GASES IN MIXED SOLVENTS
    ADVANTAGE OF VOLUME BASIS EXPRESSION
    TOMOSHIGE NITTA, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 310-312
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.310
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  • GAS VOID FRACTION ON A PERFORATED PLATE
    GAS LIQUID COCURRENT AND COUNTERCURRENT FLOW
    TERUO TAKAHASHI, TOSHIRO MIYAHARA, KENGO SHIMIZU
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 312-313
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.312
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  • THE INFLUENCE OF CONDENSATE DROP SIZE ON THE DROPWISE FILMWISE TRANSITION FOR PURE VAPORS
    A. P. BOYES, A. B. PONTER
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 314-316
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.314
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  • EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF OPERATING LIMITS OF FALLING FILM COLUMN IN VACUUM DISTILLATION
    TSUYOSHI MUNAKATA, AKIRA MATSUDA, KAZUNORI WATANABE
    1974 Volume 7 Issue 4 Pages 316-319
    Published: September 30, 1974
    Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.7.316
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