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J. SIMONS, A. B. PONTER
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
347-350
Published: October 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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Diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in aqueous ethanol solutions have been determined at 25°C and at atmospheric pressure, using a short wetted-wall column.
The diffusional behaviour is compared with both that predicted by equations containing a relationship between diffusivity and liquid viscosity and equations correlating diffusivities to the values for the pure components of a binary liquid.
The diffusional behaviour at low ethanol concentrations is compared with other physical changes occurring at these conditions such as the wetting properties, partial molal volumes, sound velocity etc., to provide some insight into the combined effect of relative molecular size and hydrogen bonding on the diffusional mechanism.
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MAKOTO HARADA, MASATAKA TANIGAKI, YUICHI TOYOTA, WATARU EGUCHI
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
350-356
Published: October 31, 1975
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The relaxation model previously proposed by the authors was applied to the self-diffusion process in liquid metals. A Lennard-Jones type pair potential function was used to evaluate the term related to the frequency of the oscillatory motion in liquids. The self-diffusivity of liquid metals can be calculated simply from the melting temperature, T
m, and the liquid density, ρ, with the use of the final formulae:
D=0.135
z(kT)
1/2m
-1/6ρ
0-1/3(T/T
m)
1/2(1-ρ/ρ
0)=0.555(kT)
1/2m
-1/6/ρ
m-1/3(T/T
m)
1/2(1-ρ/1.068ρ
m)
The agreement of calculated values with observed ones is satisfactory, especially for temperature dependency. The physical meaning of the model parameters, z and ρ
o is also discussed.
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HIDEO NISHIUMI, SHOZABURO SAITO
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
356-360
Published: October 31, 1975
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A new equation of state applicable to lower reduced temperatures than the BWR equation of Starling and Han (BWRS equation) is proposed, adding four coefficients to their equation of eleven coefficients. Thermodynamic properties predicted by the two equations, such as density, enthalpy, isobaric heat capacity, f ngacity coefficient, vapor pressure, and vapor-liquid equilibrium, are compared to test the validity of the new equation of state. The ranges in which thermodynamic properties can be predicted, within about 10 % error, are extended down to 0.35 or below at reduced temperatures with the new equation. The limit for the prediction of saturated fugacity and vapor pressure for a pure substance, for instance, can be lowered from 0.47 with the BWRS equation to 0.32 with the new equation of state.
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MANABU YAMAGUCHI, TAKASHI FUJIMOTO, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
361-366
Published: October 31, 1975
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Mass transfer rate in the dispersed phase was measured on single drops falling or rising with oscillation of oblate-prolate type through stationary liquid fields. The two-liquid systems used were water and aqueous glycerine solution drops in benzene and in carbon tetrachloride, and water drops in toluene. The iodine was used as the solute which transferred from the drops to the organic solvents.
The moving behavior of the oscillating water drops during mass transfer was investigated in regard to frequencies, amplitudes and terminal velocities of the drops by use of a high-speed cine camera.
Experimental dispersed-phase Sherwood number is correlated with the dispersed-phase Schmidt number and the modified Reynolds number which is defined by use of diameter, frequency and kinetic viscosity of the dispersed phase. The extraction efficiency obtained is also compared with the model of Angelo
et al., and it is found that the experimental results were explained satisfactorily by use of their model.
An empirical equation for the critical drop diameter of the oscillation onset is also obtained.
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KENJI HASHIMOTO, KOUICHI MIURA, SHINJI NAGATA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
367-373
Published: October 31, 1975
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Diagrams showing concentration change in an agitated tank adsorber are presented to estimate intraparticle diffusivities under nonlinear isotherms, where either pore or surface diffusion is assumed to be controlling. The adsorption kinetics of DBS and phenol from dilute aqueous solutions onto two kinds of activated carbon are measured, and the intraparticle diffusivities are estimated with diagrams. An approximation method for the case where surface diffusion is controlling, which is a modification of the Dryden and Kay method, is also proposed. This method gives good agreement with the diagrams obtained numerically.
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REDUCTION OF IRON-OXIDE POWDER BED BY HYDROGEN-INERT GAS MIXTURES AT 900°C
YOSHIO NAKANO, MASARU ISHIDA, TAKASHI AKEHATA, TAKASHI SHIRAI
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
374-378
Published: October 31, 1975
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α-Hematite powder of 8.1 μm in average diameter was packed in a quartz tube and was reduced by feeding pure hydrogen toward the upper surface of the packed bed at 900°C and the pressure increase within the bed was measured. Midway through the reduction, hydrogen-inert gas mixtures were fed instead of pure hydrogen and the variation of the pressure increase
ΔP within the bed with increasing mole fraction of inert gas in feed gas, x
I, 0, was investigated. Nitrogen, argon, and helium were used as the inert gas and it was found that the relationship between
ΔP and x
I, a varied with each inert gas.
To interpret those phenomena, the concept of the multicomponent dynamic effective diffusivity is proposed. It will make the nonisobaric analysis of solid-multicomponent gas reactions possible.
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MOTOYUKI SUZUKI, KUNITARO KAWAZOE
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
379-382
Published: October 31, 1975
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Adsorption of fifteen kinds of volatile organics on activated carbon from aqueous solution was carried out in a batch system. It was assumed that the rate of adsorption was controlled by intraparticle surface diffusion, and the effective surface diffusion coefficient for each organic was determined by applying the concentration-time diagrams appropriated for Freundlich isotherms. The effective surface diffusion coefficients, D
ε, thus obtained, are successfully correlated to the ratio of the boiling point of adsorbate to adsorption temperature as
D
ε=1.1×10
-4exp(-5.32T
b/T) [cm
2/sec]
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LAMBERT OTTEN, G. ALAN TURNER
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
383-387
Published: October 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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The process involved in the transference of heat or matter between phases may embrace convective, diffusive, or conductive transport. The experimental determination of values of such transfer and diffusion coefficients, or of thermal conductivity, is often conveniently done by means of frequency response. This involves a knowledge of the relation between the flux between phases and the concentration (of heat or matter) in one of them. This relation between complex vectors has been called the shunt admittance by analogy with other systems. Specification of this admittance requires that the geometry and structure of the system be defined.
One important system comprises a fluid phase flowing adjacent to a stationary system. The latter may be continuous, or a collection of discrete solids. The estimation of parameters requires two things: the experimental measurement of the cyclic perturbation in the flowing phase and the above mentioned shunt admittance of the stationary phase.
Equations are presented giving the shunt admittance of a homogeneous spherical shell with radial symmetry. This is of interest because it occurs in a number of processes; e.g., in a "shrinking core" chemical or metallurgical reaction, or a faulty sintered sphere.
Numerical values of the admittance are plotted with dimensionless coordinates and parameters.
A discussion is presented of the extension of the method to microscopically inhomogeneous shells of porous solids.
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TSUTAO OTAKE, SETSUJI TONE, MASAO KAWASHIMA, TOSHIO SHIBATA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
388-392
Published: October 31, 1975
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Bubble size and the rise velocity of bubbles in fluidized beds at high temperature were measured by the electric capacitance method using an injection tube and a sintered-plate distributor. The bubble frequency increased with rise in temperature and the bubble size was rearranged as a function of bubble frequency and gas flow rate. The rise velocity of bubbles in swarms was divided into two terms, i.e., the rise velocity of isolated bubbles and the accelerated quantity due to bubble coalescence. The latter was correlated as a function of the ratio of distance between two successive bubbles to bubble radius. A model of bubble shape was proposed and effectively used to estimate the empirical coefficients included in the correlation for bubble size and rise velocity of bubbles.
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TOKURO MIZUSHINA, HIROMOTO USUI
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
393-398
Published: October 31, 1975
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The dynamic equation with the generalized Maxwell model is solved numerically in moderate Reynolds number range. The results of calculation reveal the effect of elasticity in cross flow around a circular cylinder. The electrochemical method is used for the measurement of Sherwood number in cross flow of dilute polymer solutions. Comparison of calculated values with the experimental results shows good agreement.
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ISAMU NAGATA, SHUHEI YASUDA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
398-400
Published: October 31, 1975
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S. RAMACHANDRAN, A. BARADARAJAN, M. SATYANARAYANA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
400-402
Published: October 31, 1975
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ACETONE-METHYL ACETATE SYSTEM CONTAINING A MINUTE AMOUNT OF CHLOROFORM
ATSUSHI IKARI, KIMIKO MURATA, SHIGERU MATSUSHITA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
402-403
Published: October 31, 1975
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TAKESHI TSUBOKA, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
404-406
Published: October 31, 1975
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ISAMU NAGATA, MASATAKA NAGASHIMA, MICHIO OGURA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
406-408
Published: October 31, 1975
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E. RIOLO, X. B. REED, S. HARTLAND
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
409-411
Published: October 31, 1975
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HARUO HIKITA, HIROSHI KIKUKAWA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
412-413
Published: October 31, 1975
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S. N. UPADHYAY, B. K. D. AGRAWAL, D. R. SINGH
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
413-415
Published: October 31, 1975
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MANABU YAMAGUCHI, SUMIO WATANABE, TAKASHI KATAYAMA
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
415-417
Published: October 31, 1975
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KUNIO YOSHIDA, DAIZO KUNII, FUJIO SHIMIZU
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
417-419
Published: October 31, 1975
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MASAO YAMAZAKI
1975 Volume 8 Issue 5 Pages
420-422
Published: October 31, 1975
Released on J-STAGE: March 28, 2006
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