JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EXPONENT n IN THE ENERGY-VOLUME RELATION, E=-A/Vⁿ, IN THE BEHAVIOR OF FLUIDS AND FLUID MIXTURES

F. J. HSU, A. G. POLLIN, VOJTECH FRIED

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 259-266
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.259

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The exponent n in the relation E= -A/Vⁿ is shown to be of great significance in the behavior of liquid solutions. The modified version of Flory''s theory presented here indicates that the enthalpy of mixing of binary solutions can be calculated from density measurements, if the value of n for the system is known. The method is applied to binary solutions of aliphatic hydrocarbons of various chain lengths and it is found that the value n=1.29 ±0.03 gives good agreement between measured and calculated values of H^E for this group of solutions. Good agreement is also observed for systems containing spherical molecules and for mixtures composed of aromatic hydrocarbons. The advantage of using n coupled with X₁₂ rather than the frequently applied interaction parameter, X₁₂, alone is discussed in detail.

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THE DETERMINATION OF GROUP WILSON PARAM ETERS TO ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS BY EBULLIOMETER

KATSUMI TOCHIGI, KAZUO KOJIMA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 267-273
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.267

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Infinite dilution binary activity coefficients have been measured for 6 systems at 40 to 100°C by using an ebulliometer, to develop an accurate and rapid method for determining the group Wilson parameters for predicting liquid phase activity coefficients by "Analytical Solutions of Groups" model. The systems measured are methanol-n-heptane, ethanol-n-heptane, n-butanolwater, acetone-n-heptane, acetone-methanol, methyl ethyl ketone-water. The group Wilson parameters for any system made up of CH₂, OH, CO groups have been determined at 40 to 100°C. Predictions of infinite dilution activity coefficients and isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria made for 32 binary and 8 ternary systems involving alcohols, water, paraffins, ketones showed good agreement with observed values.

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ISOBARIC VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM DATA OF PROPIONIC ACID-m-XYLENE SYSTEM

S. C. JAIN, O. P. BAGGA, K. S. N. RAJU

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 273-275
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.273

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Experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data have been obtained for the system propionic acid-m-xylene at 760 mmHg pressure using a recirculating type equilibrium still. The system formed a minimum boiling azeotrope. The activity coefficients were calculated from experimental data taking into consideration vapor phase imperfection. Nothnagel''s correlation based on chemical theory of vapor imperfection was used to estimate second virial coefficients. The data have been tested for thermodynamic consistency and correlated by Wilson equation as modified by Katayama and Tsuboka.

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EXCESS GIBBS FREE ENERGIES AND HEATS OF MIXING FOR BINARY ALCOHOLIC LIQUID MIXTURES

ISAMU NAGATA, TATSUHIKO OHTA, SHIGEO NAKAGAWA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 276-281
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.276

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Phase equilibria were studied in the systems methanol-methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol-methyl ethyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone-2-propanol, methyl acetate-1-propanol, and methyl acetate-2-propanol under isothermal conditions. Heat of mixing data were obtained for these systems. The Wilson and NRTL equations were able to represent simultaneously these two kinds of thermodynamic quantities under the assumption that their parameters were temperature-dependent.

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STABILITY OF A LIQUID JET IN AIR FLOW NORMAL TO THE JET AXIS

YOSHIRO KITAMURA, TERUO TAKAHASHI

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 282-286
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.282

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Aerodynamic effects on the breakup of liquid jets in the air flow normal to the jet axis have been studied. A characteristic equation for the growth rate of disturbances is theoretically derived on the assumption that disturbances in the liquid are symmetric about the jet axis and those in the surrounding air are non-symmetric. The numerical analysis of the equation predicts that the maximum growth rate increases with the Weber number based on the density of air. The breakup length was measured by the ejection of water, ethanol and aqueous glycerol solution from a nozzle, whose axis was normal to the direction of air flow. The experimental breakup length agrees with the theoretical one in the region of air velocities less than 500 cm/sec, where the disintegration of jets by symmetric disturbances is observed and the assumption of the jet normal to the air flow appears reasonable.

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MEASUREMENT OF NORMAL STRESSES BY THE CAPILLARY JET METHOD

RYO NAKAMURA, NAOYA YOSHIOKA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 287-291
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.287

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The capillary jet (die swell) method for the measurement of normal stresses has been studied in terms of many variables and rheological descriptions. The present paper deals with diameter effect first reported by Powell and Middleman, and proposes that the most important parameter is the ratio of the inertial force to the elastic stress. When this parameter is greater than 1, the momentum balance equation proposed by Metzner et al. gives reasonable values for the first normal stress difference. When this parameter is less than 1, the diameter effect begins to appear and the capillary jet method is not applicable. A more pronounced diameter effect corresponds to smaller values of this parameter.

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VELOCITY PROFILE IN VISCOELASTIC FLOW AT THE ENTRY OF A TUBE

RYO NAKAMURA, NAOYA YOSHIOKA, MUNEYUKI HIGUCHP, HITOSHI HIRAP

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 291-293
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.291

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Local velocities were measured for the flow of a viscoelastic fluid from a large pipe into a small one (an abrupt contraction with diameter ratio 3.5). Under certain conditions it was found that the velocity field at the entrance was distinctly different from the expected pattern, which would be one of gradually increasing velocity near the centerline. Rather it was found that the centerline velocity at the entrance was larger than the centerline velocity in the developed downstream flow; or, in other words, a pronounced funneling was observed. This is attributed to the elastic behavior of the material.

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AXIAL DISPERSION OF LIQUID IN CONCURRENT GAS-LIQUID DOWNFLOW IN PACKED BEDS

AKINORI MATSUURA, TAKASHI AKEHATA, TAKASHI SHIRAI

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 294-301
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.294

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The axial dispersion in the liquid-phase of a gas-liquid downflow through a packed column was studied with air and water flowing concurrently in a 8.0 cm diameter column with glass spheres of 0.12, 0.26 and 0.43 cm.
The impulse response was calculated numerically from the two signals measured at two cross-sections in the bed. The response was characterized by both a peak and a very long tail, and could be represented satisfactorily by using the PDE model in which the mass transfer between the dynamic and the stagnant holdups in addition to the axial dispersion in the dynamic holdup was taken into account. Four parameters appearing in the PDE model were determined by means of the time domain curve fitting method.
Peclet number which was based on the actual velocity in the dynamic holdup ud had a constant value of 0.43 for Re''(=u_dρd_p/μ)<150, increased with Re'' and attained another constant value of 1.7 for Re'' > 400.
The volumetric mass transfer coefficient was correlated as a function of particle size, liquid and gas velocities.
The total liquid holdup agreed well with the literature data. The fraction of the dynamic holdup varied in the range of 0.6 to 0.95 depending on the particle size and the gas and the liquid velocities. The correlation of the dynamic liquid holdup was given graphically.

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SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE RATE OF BULK POLYMERIZATION OVER THE COMPLETE COURSE OF REACTION

KUNIO ARAI, SHOZABURO SAITO

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 302-313
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.302

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The rate of chemical-initiated bulk polymerization is studied theoretically and experimentally over the complete course of reaction. Taking into consideration the effects of the decrease of jump frequency of a polymer segment during polymerization on the rate of each elementary reaction, a new kinetic model is proposed. This model is applied to the bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene for several initiator concentrations and temperatures. Though the polymerization of these monomers shows very different auto-acceleration effects, experimental data of conversion and number-average and weight-average chain length can be successfully correlated to limiting conversion by this model.

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EFFECT OF PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF ORIGINAL CARBONIZED MATERIALS ON DEVELOPMENT OF PORES DURING ACTIVATION

FUJIO WATANABE, YOSHIHIRO YAMADA, MASANOBU HASATANI, SACHIO SUGIYAMA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 314-316
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.314

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VAPOR LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FOR BINARY SYSTEMS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE AND SOME ORGANIC SOLVENTS

TOMOSHIGE NITTA, OSAMU KIDO, TAKASHI KATAYAMA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 317-318
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.317

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VAPOUR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM IN METHANOL+ METHYLETHYLKETONE AND METHANOL+ METHYLISOBUTYLKETONE AT 760 mmHg

G. H. EDULJEE, K. K. TIWARI

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 319-321
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.319

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OVERALL MASS TRANSFER RATES FROM FRONT PORTIONS AND WAKE AREAS OF SPHEROIDS

SHAFKAT A. BEG

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 322-325
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.322

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BREAKTHROUGH CURVE FOR LIQUID PHASE DIFFUSION CONTROLLING IN IRREVERSIBLE ION EXCHANGE

TAKESHI KATAOKA, HIROYUKI YOSHIDA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 326-328
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.326

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MEASUREMENTS OF THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY OF SATURATED AQUEOUS SALT SOLUTIONS

CHIKAO ARAI, SHUJI HOSAKA, KOJI MURASE, YOSHIKI SANO

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 328-330
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.328

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PARTICLES-HOLDUP IN GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BEDS IN BATCH SYSTEMS

NOBUETSU YUTANI, KEN KURAKATA, SHIGEFUMI FUJITA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 330-331
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.330

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MAXIMUM GAS HOLDUP IN BUBBLE COLUMNS

W. T. KOETSIER, W. P. M. VAN SWAAIJ, M. VAN DER MOST

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 332-333
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.332

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PHOTOGRAPHIC OBSERVATION OF FLOW PATTERN FORMED IN A VOID OF TUBE BUNDLE ARRAYS

TOSHIRO ARATANI, KENJI KUEO, AKIRA MISHIMA, TAKEO YANO

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 334-336
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.334

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EVALUATION ON INTENSITY OF SEGREGATION OF TWO-ENVIRONMENT MODEL FOR MICROMIXING

MASAHARU TAKAO, YASUHIRO MURAKAMI

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 336-338
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.336

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COMBINED PROCESS OF REACTION, EXTRACTION AND DISTILLATION

SHIGEO GOTO, MASAKAZU MATSUBARA

1976 Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 338-341
Published: August 31, 1976
Released on J-STAGE: March 29, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1252/jcej.9.338

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