The Usiminas Corporation, Usinas Siderurgicas de Minas Gerais S.A., was organized with joint capitals, Brazillian and Japanese, in proportion of 60 and 40 percents, respectively, in order to put forward the industrial development project of Brazil.
Only the planning and construction of the coke ovens and the chemical by-products plant of the Steel mill (with a couple of 700t blast furnaces), were carried out under the supervision of Fuji Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.
Therefore, the report gives an outline of the coke ovens and chemical by-products plant together with the description of circumstances under which the project was finally decided and also some problems, which remain to be solved.

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Sulfurizatioin of Ni and NiS0.5 with some sulfur compounds and reduction of NiS0.8 with hydrogen have been studied kinetically.
Sulfurization rate of NiS0.5 with H2S was the 0.86th order with respect to H2S concentration and nearly independent of temperature. Kinetic orders of this process were the 0.98th and 0.82th for CS2 and thiophene respectively and activation energies were 8.0kcal/mol for CS2, and 9.6kcal/mol at lower temperature range (400-430°C) and 39kcal/mol at higher temperature range (430-460°C) for thiophene.The reactivities in sulfurization changed in the order of CS2>H2S> thiophene, which coincided with the order of desulfurizabilities by this catalyst.
Reduction rate of NiS0.8 with hydrogen was 1st order with respect to hydrogen concent ration and activation energy of this process was 15.4kcal/mol, and this reduction rate was more rapid than that of sulfurization in the concentration range of sulfur compounds below 2.8%.
From these results it was concluded that, in the case of hydrogenolysis of thiophen (<2.8%) in benzene by this catalyst the process of sulfrization of the surface was the rate determining step.

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The results of an investigation of the relation of the distribution of sulfur compounds during carbonization to the various characteristics of coal, and that on the behavior of organic sulfur in softening stage were described as follows.(1) The distribution of the sulfur compounds during carbonization was considerably influenced by inorganic constituents in coal in respects of their total amount and the different kinds of constituents, and it was especially observed that the basic compounds have a property of fixing sulfur.(2) The sulfur compounds in coal remained in coke after carbonization at the ratio of 60% for total sulfur, 90% for pyritic sulfur, and 60% for organic sulfur.(3) Regarding the chemical behavior of sulfur compounds during carbonization, the following results were obtained.In the case of caking coal having carbon content more than 80%, the reactivity for volatilization of organic sulfur and consequently the quantity of sulfur volatilized increased in softening stage, and the definite relation was found between the total of volatilized sulfur during carbonization and the rank of samples, that is, the more the reactivity for volatilization of organic sulfur is the larger the total of volatilized sulfur during carbonization.On the other hand, in the case of non-caking coal having carbon content less than 80%, the definite relation was not found among the total of volatilized sulfur during carbonization, the rank of coal and the reactivity for volatilization of organic sulfur, since it was supposed that the basic structure of coal substance in such coal have a great influence on the behavior of sulfur compounds during carbonization.

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The molecular weight of the humic acid obtained from the hydrogenolysis product of Onoura bituminous coal was estimated by the cryoscopic measurement of the aqueous solution of the potassium humate.It was concluded that the structural unit of this coal should be demonstrated by the following formula.
C24.9 H22.4 O1.2 N0.4 S0.1, Molecular weight 350
A structural model of Onoura bituminous coal was proposed and the alteration in the chemical structure of coal by the rank was discussed, according to the empirical evidences which have been published by the present authors.That is, the chemical structure of this coal would be understood by the following illustration and the heterogeneity in the structure would be improved by the advance of the coalification up to the higher rank bituminous coal.

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Many researches and investigations have been reported on the combustibility of coal for industrial uses, while very few are carried out on house-coal to be used for home heating or for bath heating.This paper describes the combustibility of coal as house-coal, as per which following conclusions are given:
(1)Combustibility varies greatly with kinds of coal.
(2)Ignitability and burning time are little different with kinds of coal.
(3)There is a great difference in the amounts of soot and refuse.
(4)Heat release is affected severely by the reactivity of coal.

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