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63 巻, 5 号
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西田 清二1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 297
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (222K) -
横野 哲朗, 伊山 彰一, 真田 雄三1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 298-304
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe dehydrogenation reaction from coal-metal chloride catalysts systems under atmospheric pressure has been studied by gas chromatography in order to establish a simple and rapid method for evaluating coal liquefaction catalysts.
The results of the dehydrogenation experiments were compared with those obtained from high-temperature, high-pressure batch autoclave experiments.
It was found that there is a linear relationship between hydrogen evolution from coal-catalyst systems at atmospheric pressure and total-conversion of coal liquefaction at high temperature, high pressure experiment. The distributions of products correlate also directly with hydrogen evolution.
The highly active metal chloride catalysts for the liquefaction of Akabira coal, Taiheiyo coal and Big Brown Lignite were ZnCl2 and SnCl2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (762K) -
反応速度式に関する考察大嶋 哲, 鈴木 守夫, 島田 和夫, 湯村 守雄, 武松 敏弌, 栗木 安則, 吉留 浩1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 305-313
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーKinetics of coal liquefaction have been studied for years by many investigators and a variety of reaction models based on the experimental results from batch reaction systems has been proposed.
Besides these, a model commonly applicable to these data was proposed by Chiba et al., which was derived by assuming the coal to be composed of two kinds of fractions different in reactivity.
Recently, a rate equation available for the experimental results from a plug flow reactor and from complete mixing reactor was presented by assuming the existence of an unconvertible component [or an equilibrium conversion] in coal to pyridine or benzene solubles for the results in continuous flow reactors.
In the present study, the rate equations derived by applying the concept of the existence of an unconvertible component were found to be well applicable to the reactions of coal to n-hexane solubles as well as coal to pyridine or benzene solubles concerning to our results obtained by using a c. s. t. reactor and also to the reported data from the batch system.
A simple graphic method was presented in this paper to determine a rate costant and a fractional ratio of the unconvertible component for the rate equation applicable to the reaction in a complete mixing type reactor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (941K) -
抽出率と抽出の温度および圧力との相関坂木 剛, 有田 静児, 垣山 仁夫1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 314-319
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーSupercritical fluid extraction of the coal liquids was carried out using single solvent such as benzene, toluene or p-xylene and an equimolecular mixed solvent of benzene and toluene. The correlations between the extraction yield and extraction conditions, e. g. temperature and pressure, were investigated.
The increase in the extraction temperature resulted in an increase in the extraction yield, and so did the increase in the density of the solvent. The extraction pressure was an indirect factor which influenced the extraction yield through changing the density of the solvent. The following empirical equation concerning the extraction yield (x) was obtained as functions of reduced temperature (T/TC) and reduced density (d/dc) for each single solvent.
x=A (d/dc) +B (T/TC) +C...(1) where, A, B and C are empirical constants for each solvent. The extraction yields calculated from this equation were in good agreement with the experimental values.
The extraction yield of the coal liquids using mixed solvent could be calculated from the equation which was composed of the equations (1) for each single solvent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (794K) -
山田 哲夫, 下 晴吉, 鈴木 勉, 本間 恒行1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 320-325
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーCatalytic effects of SnO2 and PbO on gasification of carbon under high pressures of CO2 were investigated by means of thermogravimetry (TG), temperature-programmed X-ray diffraction (TPXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Carbon material used was char from phenol-formaldehyde resin. It was mixed each metal oxide of 0.5 atomic % in a mortar grinder for 1 hour.
Nonisothermal TG measurements indicated that these oxides had high catalytic activities but SnO2 was suprrior to PbO in the activity. It was found from TPXRD at the gasification regions that both oxides in the char could coexist together with their metals more easily with increasing of CO2 pressure. According to the observation of SEM, SnO2 was inclined to disperse highly with increase of pressure while it was not seen for PbO.
Such results support the opinion that although either SnO2 or PbO will show the catalytic effect owing to the oxidation-reduction cyclic mechanism, their different activities will depend on the differences in the dispersion on the char.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (755K) -
杉山 友男, 中 昭廣1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 326-335
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe mixture of coal and fuel oil (COM) can be handled in a similar manner to that for liquid fuels and can save oil by about 1/2. So, COM is valuable as a substitute fuel for oil.
In this report, many COM samples were prepared by the wet process that coal and fuel oil (class C) were simultaneously pulverized in a ball mill in order to examine the effects of the additives on stabilization.
None of COM samples with no additives were stable in reference to all kinds of coal (bituminous, subbituminous coal or lignite): During the still-storing at 70°C for a week, coal was settling and aggregating to reduce their flowability.
The alcohol base multi-branched high molecular nonionic surface active agents, which had been newly synthesized by the authors, were able to stabilize COM samples regardless of kind of coal (bituminous, subbituminous coal or lignite).
By contrast, anionic surface active agents were inferior in effect on stabilization. In some cases, they were effective, but these effects depended upon the kind of coal. Consequently, this type of surfactant was not suitable for the practical application.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (957K) -
千葉 耕司, 多賀谷 英幸, 佐藤 志美雄, 佐川 正人1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 336-340
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーHydrogen shuttler reaction from one coal to another was carried out by the liquefaction of two coals which was mixed in apparently non donor condition. Coals had different donor ability which were confirmed by the reaction with benzophenone. The amount of transferred hydrogen from coal to benzophenone was calculated by the amount of diphenylmethane. The order of the hydrogen donor ability of coals were
Miike coal>Taiheiyo coal>Yallourn coal
By mixing Miike and Yallourn coal, positive effect of mixing on conversion was observed at nominal reaction time 0 min. Additivity was observed at nominal reaction time 60 min. By mixing Taiheiyo and Yallourn coal, inhibition effect on conversion was observed. These facts indicated the presence of hydrogen shuttler reaction between coals. The required amounts of hydrogen for coals in coal liquefaction were different. They might determine the effect of coal mixing on conversion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (532K) -
牧野 三則, 海保 守, 小林 光雄, 加藤 勉, 山下 安正, 木村 英雄1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 341-343
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーA series of fixed-bed continuous hydrogasification was conducted at 1023 K and 0.1-5 MPa using Taiheiyo coal as feed-stock.
It was found that hydrogen content of residual char was affected at least by two factors i. e. conversion of coal and hydrogen partial pressure in the gasifier. In the range of experimental conditions, hydrogen content of residual char increases lenearly with hydrogen partial pressure, whereas it decreases lenearly with coal conversion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (279K) -
美浦 義明1984 年 63 巻 5 号 p. 344-352
発行日: 1984/05/20
公開日: 2010/06/28
ジャーナル フリーThe fundamentals of metallurgical coke making are reviewed in four instalments. This paper, Part I, describes (1) petrographic components and properties of coal as organic sediments, (2) chemical and physical structures of coal as high molecular weight organic compounds consisting of C, H, and O, and behavior during heating, and (3) classification and characterization of coal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1652K)
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